本次使用的主要模块是socket模块,在这个模块中可以找到socket()函数,该函数用于创建套接字对象。套接字也有自己的方法集,这些方法可以实现基于套接字的网络通信。
socket()模块函数
要创建套接字,必须使用socket.socket()函数,语法如下:
socket(socket_family,socket_type,protocol=0)
其中socket_family是AF_UNIX(基于文件)或AF_INET(面向网络),socket_type是SOCK_STREAM(TCP)或SOCK_DGRAM(UDP),protocol通常省略,默认为0
示例:创建TCP/IP套接字:
tcpSock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
创建UDP/IP套接字:
udpSock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
创建TCP时间戳服务器和客户端
# 服务器 from socket import * from time import ctime host = ‘‘ # 为空表示可以使用任何可用地址 port = 21567 # 监听端口 bufsiz = 1024 # 缓冲区大小 addr = (host,port) tcpSerSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) # 分配TCP服务器套接字 tcpSerSock.bind(addr) # 绑定服务器地址 tcpSerSock.listen(5) # 开启TCP监听器调用 try: while True: # 进入循环,等待客户端连接 print ‘waiting for connection...‘ tcpCliSock,addr = tcpSerSock.accept() # 出现连接请求 print ‘...connection from:‘,addr while True: data = tcpCliSock.recv(bufsiz) # 获取消息 if not data: # 消息为空,就退出 break tcpCliSock.send(‘[%s] %s‘%(ctime(),data)) # 消息存在,则加上时间戳并返回数据 tcpCliSock.close() except KeyboardInterrupt: # ctrl+c退出 print ‘you have CTRL+C,quit now‘ tcpSerSock.close()
# 客户端 from socket import * host = ‘localhost‘ # host,port为服务器主机名和端口 port = 21567 bufsiz = 1024 addr = (host,port) tcpCliSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM) # 分配TCP客户端套接字 tcpCliSock.connect(addr) # 主动调用并连接服务器 try: while True: data = raw_input(‘> ‘) # 输入字符串 if not data: break tcpCliSock.send(data) # 发送到服务器 data = tcpCliSock.recv(bufsiz) # 获取服务器数据 if not data: break print data except KeyboardInterrupt: print ‘you have CTRL+C,quit now‘ tcpCliSock.close()
执行TCP服务器和客户端
# 客户端 [[email protected] python]# python tcp_client.py > hi [Thu Aug 11 11:11:04 2016] hi > welcome! [Thu Aug 11 11:11:10 2016] welcome! >
# 服务器端 [[email protected] python]# python tcp_server.py waiting for connection... ...connection from: (‘127.0.0.1‘, 52900) waiting for connection...
创建UDP时间戳服务器和客户端
# 服务器 from socket import * from time import ctime host = ‘‘ port = 21567 bufsiz = 1024 addr = (host,port) udpSerSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM) # 分配UDP服务器套接字 udpSerSock.bind(addr) # UDP是无连接的,所以不需要监听 try: while True: print ‘waiting for message...‘ data,addr = udpSerSock.recvfrom(bufsiz) # 获取消息,处理并返回客户端 udpSerSock.sendto(‘[%s] %s‘%(ctime(),data),addr) print ‘...received from and return to:‘,addr except KeyboardInterrupt: print ‘you have CTRL+C,quit now‘ udpSerSock.close()
# 客户端 from socket import * host = ‘localhost‘ port = 21567 bufsiz = 1024 addr = (host,port) udpCliSock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_DGRAM) # 分配UDP套接字 try: while True: # 工作方式几乎与TCP客户端一样 data = raw_input(‘> ‘) if not data: break udpCliSock.sendto(data,addr) data,addr = udpCliSock.recvfrom(bufsiz) if not data: break print data except KeyboardInterrupt: print ‘you have CTRL+C,quit now‘ udpCliSock.close()
执行结果
# 客户端 [[email protected] python]# python udp_client.py > 123 [Thu Aug 11 11:23:01 2016] 123 > hello [Thu Aug 11 11:23:04 2016] hello >
# 服务器端 [[email protected] python]# python udp_server.py waiting for message... ...received from and return to: (‘127.0.0.1‘, 55532) waiting for message... ...received from and return to: (‘127.0.0.1‘, 55532) waiting for message...
时间: 2024-10-24 22:52:45