Path Sum II

Given a binary tree and a sum, find all root-to-leaf paths where each path‘s sum equals the given sum.

For example:
Given the below binary tree and sum = 22,

              5
             /             4   8
           /   /           11  13  4
         /  \    /         7    2  5   1

return

[ [5,4,11,2], [5,8,4,5] ]

求二叉树从根到叶子结点,结点和等于sum的所有路径。很有意思的一道题目,解法是DFS,深搜。判断根到每个叶子结点的路径和是否等于sum。具体解法有结合backtracking回溯的或者不结合两种,回溯代码如下:

class Solution(object):
    def pathSum(self, root, sum):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :type sum: int
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        if not root:
            return []
        res = []   #返回结果
        path = []  #当前路径
        self.helper(root, path, res, sum)
        return res

    def helper(self, node, path, res, sum):
        if not node:
            return
        path.append(node.val)
        if not node.left and not node.right:
            if sum == node.val:
                res.append(path+[])
        self.helper(node.left,path,res,sum-node.val)
        self.helper(node.right,path,res,sum-node.val)
        path.pop() #如果到达叶子结点,弹出该结点的值,回到上一步的路径。

可以看到回溯方法,函数中共用path, path作为引用使用,处理完一个叶子结点,就进行弹出处理,方便后续别的路径的检查。遍历完每个结点,时间复杂度为O(n),空间复杂度为栈的高度O(logn)。

非回溯方法:

class Solution(object):
    def pathSum(self, root, sum):
        """
        :type root: TreeNode
        :type sum: int
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        if not root:
            return []
        res = []
        path = []
        self.helper(root, path, res, sum)
        return res

    def helper(self, node, path, res, sum):
        if not node:
            return
        path = path + [node.val]
        if not node.left and not node.right:
            if sum == node.val:
                res.append(path)
            return
        self.helper(node.left,path,res,sum-node.val)
        self.helper(node.right,path,res,sum-node.val)

非回溯方法由于每个函数调用内部都做了path = path + [node.val]的操作,函数内部的path不同于传入函数内部的path,所以函数内部不能共享path,空间复杂度比较高,依然是遍历一次每个结点,时间复杂度O(n)。

时间: 2024-11-10 01:18:12

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