首先说一下HashMap存储结构，数组、链表、树这三种数据结构形成了hashMap。
存储结构下图所示，根据key的hash与table长度确定table位置，同一个位置的key以链表形式存储，超过一定限制链表转为树。
数组的具体存取规则是tab[(n-1) & hash],其中tab为node数组，n为数组的长度，hash为key的hash值。
//链表中数据的临界值，如果达到8，就进行resize扩展,如果数组大于64则转换为树.
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
//如果链表的数据小于6，则从树转换为链表.
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
//如果数组的size大于64，则把链表进行转化为树
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64
//根据key匹配Node,如果匹配不到key，则返回defaultValue
@Override
public V getOrDefault(Object key, V defaultValue) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? defaultValue : e.value;
}
//根据key匹配Node,如果匹配不到则增加key-value,返回null,如果匹配到Node,如果oldValue不等于null则不进行value覆盖，返回oldValue
@Override
public V putIfAbsent(K key, V value) {
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, true, true);
}
//根据key匹配node，如果value也相同则删除
@Override
public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
return removeNode(hash(key), key, value, true, true) != null;
}
//根据key匹配node,如果value也相同则使用newValue覆盖返回true，否则返回false
@Override
public boolean replace(K key, V oldValue, V newValue) {
Node<K,V> e; V v;
if ((e = getNode(hash(key), key)) != null &&
((v = e.value) == oldValue || (v != null && v.equals(oldValue)))) {
e.value = newValue;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return true;
}
return false;
}
//根据key做匹配Node，（匹配不到则新建然后重排）如果Node有value，则直接返回oldValue，如果没有value则根据Function接口的apply方法获取value，返回value。
//Function接口的apply的入参为key，调用computeIfAbsent时重写Function接口可以根据key进行逻辑处理，apply的返回值即为要存储的value。
@Override
public V computeIfAbsent(K key,
Functionsuper K, ? extends V> mappingFunction) {
if (mappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
//如果已经转为树,按照树的规则进行处理
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
//查找整个链表，找到对应的key
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
V oldValue;
if (old != null && (oldValue = old.value) != null) {
afterNodeAccess(old);
return oldValue;
}
}
//根据重写逻辑计算返回value
V v = mappingFunction.apply(key);
if (v == null) {
return null;
} else if (old != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
return v;
}
else if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, v);
else {
//如果匹配不到则table加入数据
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, v, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
return v;
}
//V computeIfPresent(K key,BiFunction remappingFunction)：根据key做匹配，如果匹配不上则返回null,匹配上根据BiFunction的apply方法获取value，返回value。BiFunction接口的apply的入参为key、oldValue，调用computeIfPresent时重写Function接口可以根据key和oldValue进行逻辑处理，apply的返回值如果为null则删除该节点，否则即为要存储的value。
public V computeIfPresent(K key,
BiFunctionsuper K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
Node<K,V> e; V oldValue;
int hash = hash(key);
if ((e = getNode(hash, key)) != null &&
(oldValue = e.value) != null) {
//使用key和原value作为入参
V v = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (v != null) {
e.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return v;
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
}
return null;
}
//V compute(K key,BiFunction remappingFunction)：根据key做匹配，根据BiFunction的apply返回做存储的value。匹配到Node做value替换，匹配不到新增node。apply的返回值如果为null则删除该节点，否则即为要存储的value。
@Override
public V compute(K key,
BiFunctionsuper K, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
V oldValue = (old == null) ? null : old.value;
//使用key和原value作为入参
V v = remappingFunction.apply(key, oldValue);
if (old != null) {
if (v != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
}
else if (v != null) {
if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, v);
else {
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, v, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
}
return v;
}
// V merge(K key, V value,BiFunction remappingFunction)：功能大部分与compute相同，不同之处在于BiFunction中apply的参数，入参为oldValue、value，调用merge时根据两个value进行逻辑处理并返回value。
@Override
public V merge(K key, V value,
BiFunctionsuper V, ? super V, ? extends V> remappingFunction) {
if (value == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (remappingFunction == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
int hash = hash(key);
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first; int n, i;
int binCount = 0;
TreeNode<K,V> t = null;
Node<K,V> old = null;
if (size > threshold || (tab = table) == null ||
(n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
if ((first = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
old = (t = (TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
else {
Node<K,V> e = first; K k;
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
old = e;
break;
}
++binCount;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
if (old != null) {
V v;
if (old.value != null)
//使用新老value作为入参
v = remappingFunction.apply(old.value, value);
else
v = value;
if (v != null) {
old.value = v;
afterNodeAccess(old);
}
else
removeNode(hash, key, null, false, true);
return v;
}
if (value != null) {
if (t != null)
t.putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
else {
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, first);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1)
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
}
++modCount;
++size;
afterNodeInsertion(true);
}
return value;
}
// void forEach(BiConsumer action)：调用此方法时实现BiConsumer接口重写void accept(Object o, Object o2)方法，其中o为key，o2为value，可根据自己的实现对map中所有数据进行处理。
@Override
public void forEach(BiConsumersuper K, ? super V> action) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (action == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next)
action.accept(e.key, e.value);
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
// void replaceAll(BiFunction function)：调用此方法时重写BiFunction的Object apply(Object o, Object o2)方法，其中o为key，o2为value，根据重写方法逻辑进行重新赋值。
@Override
public void replaceAll(BiFunctionsuper K, ? super V, ? extends V> function) {
Node<K,V>[] tab;
if (function == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
if (size > 0 && (tab = table) != null) {
int mc = modCount;
for (int i = 0; i < tab.length; ++i) {
for (Node<K,V> e = tab[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
e.value = function.apply(e.key, e.value);
}
}
if (modCount != mc)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
computeIfAbsent、computeIfPresent、compute对比
computeIfAbsent：如果key已存在，返回oldVlaue；不存在创建，返回新创建value
computeIfPresent：如果key不存在，返回null；如果已存在，value为null则删除此节点，不为null替换节点value并返回此value。
compute：如果key不存在，新建key进行存储；如果key存在，value为null则删除此节点，不为null替换节点value并返回此value。