Cobbler是自动化安装的工具，由python开发。使用cobbler可以快速简单的安装部署系统。
Cobbler具有以下功能：
- 使用一个模板来配置DHCP服务（如果启用了DHCP管理）
- 将一个存储库（yum或rsync）建立镜像或解压缩的媒介，用来注册一个新的操作系统。
- 在DHCP配置文件中为需要安装的机器创建一个条目，并指定参数（IP/MAC）.
- 在TFTP服务目录下创建适当的PXE文件
- 重新启动DHCP服务以反映更改
- 重启机器以开始安装（如果电源管理已启动）
Cobbler部署
环境准备：
cobbler1 192.168.1.10
安装所需软件包：
yum install -y httpd dhcp tftp cobbler cobbler-web pykickstart
安装完成之后，在httpd的conf.d目录下会生成cobbler.web.conf和cobber.conf 两个文件。
[[email protected] ~]# ls -l /etc/httpd/conf.d/ total 36 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2926 Jul 18 23:30 autoindex.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1087 Jan 24 2016 cobbler.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1165 Jan 24 2016 cobbler_web.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 366 Jul 18 23:30 README -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 9438 Jul 18 23:22 ssl.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1252 Jul 18 23:22 userdir.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 824 Jul 18 23:22 welcome.conf
启动Apache和cobbler：
systemctl start httpd systemctl start cobblerd
执行cobbler check:
[[email protected] ~]# cobbler check The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix: 1 : The ‘server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it. 2 : For PXE to be functional, the ‘next_server‘ field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network. 3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment: https://github.com/cobbler/cobbler/wiki/Selinux 4 : change ‘disable‘ to ‘no‘ in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 5 : some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The ‘cobbler get-loaders‘ command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements. 6 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl 7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories 8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to ‘cobbler‘ and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘random-phrase-here‘ ‘your-password-here‘" to generate new one 9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them Restart cobblerd and then run ‘cobbler sync‘ to apply changes.
根具体的提示来安装配置cobbler.
# vim /etc/cobbler/settings next_server: 192.168.1.10 server: 192.168.1.10
# vim /etc/xinetd.d/tftp disable = no
# cobbler get-loaders # systemctl start rsyncd
设置密码：
# openssl passwd -1 -salt ‘cobbler‘ ‘cobbler‘ $1$cobbler$M6SE55xZodWc9.vAKLJs6.
配置密码：
# vim /etc/cobbler/settings default_password_crypted: "$1$cobbler$M6SE55xZodWc9.vAKLJs6."
重启cobbler,执行check:
# systemctl restart cobblerd # cobbler check
使用cobbler管理DHCP:
# vim /etc/cobbler/settings manage_dhcp: 1
修改dhcp的模板文件：
# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.1.2;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.2;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.1.100 192.168.1.254;
重启cobbler：
# systemctl restart cobblerd # cobbler sync
导入一个cs7镜像：
# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ # cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
导入一个cs6镜像：
导入前需要先卸载镜像，然后装载新的镜像，
# umount /mnt/ # mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/ # cobbler import --path=/mnt/ --name=CentOS-6-x86_64 --arch=x86_64
导入成功后，查看镜像信息：
[[email protected] /]# cobbler profile
usage
=====
cobbler profile add
cobbler profile copy
cobbler profile dumpvars
cobbler profile edit
cobbler profile find
cobbler profile getks
cobbler profile list
cobbler profile remove
cobbler profile rename
cobbler profile report
[[email protected] /]# cobbler profile list
CentOS-6-x86_64
CentOS-7-x86_64
[[email protected] /]# cobbler profile report
Name : CentOS-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {} # 可添加内核参数
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : [‘admin‘]
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
Name : CentOS-6-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files : {}
Comment :
DHCP Tag : default
Distribution : CentOS-6-x86_64
Enable gPXE? : 0
Enable PXE Menu? : 1
Fetchable Files : {}
Kernel Options : {}
Kernel Options (Post Install) : {}
Kickstart : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample_end.ks
Kickstart Metadata : {}
Management Classes : []
Management Parameters : <<inherit>>
Name Servers : []
Name Servers Search Path : []
Owners : [‘admin‘]
Parent Profile :
Internal proxy :
Red Hat Management Key : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server : <<inherit>>
Repos : []
Server Override : <<inherit>>
Template Files : {}
Virt Auto Boot : 1
Virt Bridge : xenbr0
Virt CPUs : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type : raw
Virt File Size(GB) : 5
Virt Path :
Virt RAM (MB) : 512
Virt Type : kvm
镜像存放的路径为：
/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror
自定义kickstarts 文件,并将定义的kickstarts 文件放在/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts目录下：
# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-6-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-6-x86_64.cfg # cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/CentOS-7-x86_64.cfg
CentOS7 kickstarts文件的内容为：
#Kickstart Config #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T #System language lang en_US #System keyboard keyboard us #Sytem timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai #Root password rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted #Use text mode install text #Install OS instead of upgrade install #Use NFS installation Media url --url=$tree #System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr #Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr #Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel #Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype xfs --size 1024 --ondisk sda part swap --size 16384 --ondisk sda part / --fstype xfs --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda #System authorization infomation auth --useshadow --enablemd5 #Network information $SNIPPET(‘network_config‘) #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=em1 --onboot=on # Reboot after installation reboot #Firewall configuration firewall --disabled #SELinux configuration selinux --disabled #Do not configure XWindows skipx #Package install information %pre $SNIPPET(‘log_ks_pre‘) $SNIPPET(‘kickstart_start‘) $SNIPPET(‘pre_install_network_config‘) # Enable installation monitoring $SNIPPET(‘pre_anamon‘) %end %packages @ base @ core sysstat iptraf ntp lrzsz ncurses-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel OpenIPMI-tools mysql nmap screen %end %post systemctl disable postfix.service %yum_config_stanza %end
CS6 kickstarts 文件内容：
#Kickstart Configurator for cobbler #platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T key --skip #System language lang en_US #System keyboard keyboard us #Sytem timezone timezone Asia/Shanghai #Root password rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted #Use text mode install text #Install OS instead of upgrade install #Use NFS installation Media url --url=$tree #System bootloader configuration bootloader --location=mbr #Clear the Master Boot Record zerombr yes #Partition clearing information clearpart --all --initlabel #Disk partitioning information part /boot --fstype ext4 --size 1024 --ondisk sda part swap --size 16384 --ondisk sda part / --fstype ext4 --size 1 --grow --ondisk sda #System authorization infomation auth --useshadow --enablemd5 #Network information $SNIPPET(‘network_config‘) #network --bootproto=dhcp --device=em1 --onboot=on #Reboot after installation reboot #Firewall configuration firewall --disabled #SELinux configuration selinux --disabled #Do not configure XWindows skipx #Package install information %packages @ base @ chinese-support @ core sysstat iptraf ntp e2fsprogs-devel keyutils-libs-devel krb5-devel libselinux-devel libsepol-devel lrzsz ncurses-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel OpenIPMI-tools mysql lockdev minicom nmap %post #/bin/sed -i ‘s/#Protocol 2,1/Protocol 2/‘ /etc/ssh/sshd_config /bin/sed -i ‘s/^ca::ctrlaltdel:/#ca::ctrlaltdel:/‘ /etc/inittab /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 diskdump off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 dc_server off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 nscd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 netfs off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 psacct off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 mdmpd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 netdump off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 readahead off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 wpa_supplicant off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 mdmonitor off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 microcode_ctl off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 xfs off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 lvm2-monitor off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 iptables off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 nfs off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 ipmi off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 autofs off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 iiim off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 cups off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 openibd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 saslauthd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 ypbind off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 auditd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 rdisc off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 tog-pegasus off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 rpcgssd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 kudzu off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 gpm off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 arptables_jf off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 dc_client off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 lm_sensors off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 apmd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 sysstat off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 cpuspeed off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 rpcidmapd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 rawdevices off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 rhnsd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 nfslock off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 winbind off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 bluetooth off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 isdn off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 portmap off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 anacron off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 irda off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 NetworkManager off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 acpid off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 pcmcia off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 atd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 sendmail off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 haldaemon off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 smartd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 xinetd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 netplugd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 readahead_early off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 xinetd off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 ntpd on /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 avahi-daemon off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 ip6tables off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 restorecond off /sbin/chkconfig --level 3 postfix off
这里关闭了一些不必要的启动项。
添加内核参数，使CS7启动后网卡格式自动修改为ethx格式：
# cobbler profile edit --name=CentOS-7-x86_64 --kopts=‘net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0‘
确认内核参数已经加上：
# cobbler profile report CentOS-7-x86_64|grep "Kernel Options"
Kernel Options : {‘biosdevname‘: ‘0‘, ‘net.ifnames‘: ‘0‘}
执行sync命令，使配置生效：
# cobbler sync
Cobbler 自动安装
可以通过创建的虚拟机来查看Cobbler的安装过程，首先启动TFTP(如果没有安装需要安装)：
# yum install xinetd -y # systemctl start xinetd
新启动一个客户端，默认从网络启动，会自动获取IP地址，进行安装和自动设置。
Cobbler自动重装系统
如果需要从一个已经安装了的CentOS系统重新安装新的系统，可以执行下面的命令查看cobbler服务器上提供的安装镜像：
如果没有koan命令需要先yum安装：
# koan --server=192.168.1.10 --list=profiles # 指定cobbler服务器 - looking for Cobbler at http://192.168.1.10:80/cobbler_api CentOS-7-x86_64 #显示当前可用的系统软件版本 CentOS-6-x86_64
指定需要重装的软件版本，此处指定为CS6：
# koan --replace-self --server=192.168.1.10 --profile=CentOS-6-x86_64
根据提示进行reboot 即可开始安装。
使用Cobbler-Web来管理Cobbler
登录的地址为： https://192.168.1.10/cobbler_web
默认的用户和密码都为cobbler
修改用户名和密码：
# htdigest /etc/cobbler/users.digest "Cobbler" cobbler # “描述” 用户
输入此命令后，会提示修改密码。
修改cobbler的启动安装界面
Cobbler的启动安装界面可以有自定义的提示，通修改pxe的模板文件来实现：
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/cobbler/pxe/pxedefault.template DEFAULT menu PROMPT 0 MENU TITLE Cobbler this is test==^-^ | #提示栏信息 TIMEOUT 200 TOTALTIMEOUT 6000 ONTIMEOUT $pxe_timeout_profile LABEL local #默认的启动列表 MENU LABEL (local) MENU DEFAULT LOCALBOOT -1 $pxe_menu_items MENU end
执行sync 使命令生效：
# cobbler sync
在新建的设备启动界面为：
时间： 2024-08-01 20:33:29