从零搭建DotnetCore2.0

右键解决方案>新建项目>

选择Web>ASP.NETCoreWeb应用程序(.NET Core)

选择Web应用程序,暂时不选择启用Docker,身份验证选择个人用户账户(会自动生成一系列和用户认证的代码)

随后生代码层次目录如下:

其中会包含身份信息的相关实现,比如相关实体信息(user)之类的,如果想对扩展微软自动的生成的用户实体类,可在Models中的ApplicationUser下扩展,

在此ApplicationUser中添加属性即可:比如添加叫WeChatId属性,添加后如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;

namespace DotNetCore20.Web.Models
{
    // Add profile data for application users by adding properties to the ApplicationUser class
    public class ApplicationUser : IdentityUser
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 微信Id
        /// </summary>
        public string WeChatId { get; set; }
    }
}

生成运行,数据库的AspNetUsers中就会多出WeChatId 属性.

一:安装引用

nugnet恢复引用失效时,可在程序包管理控制台输入:

dotnet restore  即可

会发现在恢复指令后在NuGet中会有一个Microsoft.VisualStudio.Web.CodeGeneration.Design的报错,信息如下:

已使用“.NETPortable,Version=v0.0,Profile=Profile259, .NETFramework,Version=v4.6.1”而不是项目目标框架“.NETCoreApp,Version=v2.0”还原了包“Microsoft.Composition 1.0.27”。这可能会导致兼容性问题

这个库是ASP.NET Core的代码生成工具。包含用于生成控制器和视图的dotnet-aspnet-codegenerator命令,暂时可先卸载,不影响项目运行.

对项目类库的引用三种两种方式

1.Nuget去安装(官网https://www.nuget.org/packages/)

2.右键依赖项点击菜单中的添加引用

3.可在程序包管理控制台输入:

Install-Package 

引用类库名称 版本

二.创建实体程序集

右键解决方案>添加项目>

首先创建抽象类,供Entity实体继承,主要为每个实体提供公用属性

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Text;

namespace DotNetCore20.Entity.Core
{
    /// <summary>
    /// DB表基底
    /// </summary>
    [Serializable]
    public abstract partial class BaseEntity
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Id
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public long Id { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// DB 資料版號
        /// </summary>
        [Timestamp]
        public byte[] RowVersion { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建时间
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 更新时间
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public DateTime UpdateTime { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 状态
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public EnumState State { get; set; }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 状态
    /// </summary>
    public enum EnumState
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 删除
        /// </summary>
        Delete = 1,

        /// <summary>
        /// 正常
        /// </summary>
        Normal = 0,
    }
}

添加一个UserExtend用户扩展类(Entity):

using DotNetCore20.Entity.Core;
using System;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;

namespace DotNetCore20.Entity
{
    [DataContract]
    public class UserExtend : BaseEntity
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 用户Id
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public long UserId { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 昵称
        /// </summary>
        [DataMember]
        public long NickName { get; set; }

    }
}

三.创建数据层

添加引用

DAL层需要用到EF实体映射相关和我们自己前面定义的Entity中的UserExtend实体表,所以要添加相关引用,DotNetCore20.Entity和  Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

快捷键:Ctrl+Alt+o 打开程序包管理器输入以下:

install-package Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Tools

如果是网络限制下载失败,推荐把nuget镜像改为博客园资源,方法如下:

右键解决方案>管理解决方案的nuget程序包.显示如下:

新建一个数据上下文类,目录结构如下:

DotNetCoreDbContext内部代码改为以下:

using DotNetCore20.Entity;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

namespace DotNetCore20.DAL.DbContext
{
    public class DotNetCoreDbContext : Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.DbContext
    {
        public DotNetCoreDbContext(DbContextOptions<DotNetCoreDbContext> options) : base(options)
        {
        }
        public DbSet<UserExtend> UserExtend { get; set; }
    }
}

在此基本的实体映射相关的代码都完毕,现在还有一步,就是数据库连接字符串的配置

首先打开appsettings.json文件,在ConnectionStrings节点下增加以下

"DotNetCoreConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"

增加后如下:

{
    "ConnectionStrings": {
        "DefaultConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDefaultDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true",
        "DotNetCoreConnection": "Server=(localdb)\\mssqllocaldb;Database=DotNetCoreDb;Trusted_Connection=True;MultipleActiveResultSets=true"
    },
  "Logging": {
    "IncludeScopes": false,
    "Debug": {
      "LogLevel": {
        "Default": "Warning"
      }
    },
    "Console": {
      "LogLevel": {
        "Default": "Warning"
      }
    }
  }
}

再打开web网站下的Startup文件,在ConfigureServices方法中添加一下行:

//自定义数据库连接字符串
            services.AddDbContext<DotNetCoreDbContext>(options =>
                options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DotNetCoreConnection")));

增加后如下:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Builder;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Diagnostics.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Identity;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using DotNetCore20.Web.Data;
using DotNetCore20.Web.Models;
using DotNetCore20.Web.Services;
using DotNetCore20.DAL.DbContext;

namespace DotNetCore20.Web
{
    public class Startup
    {
        public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
        {
            Configuration = configuration;
        }

        public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to add services to the container.
        public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
        {
            services.AddDbContext<ApplicationDbContext>(options =>
                options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")));

            //自定义数据库连接字符串
            services.AddDbContext<DotNetCoreDbContext>(options =>
                options.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("DotNetCoreConnection")));

            services.AddIdentity<ApplicationUser, IdentityRole>()
                .AddEntityFrameworkStores<ApplicationDbContext>()
                .AddDefaultTokenProviders();

            // Add application services.
            services.AddTransient<IEmailSender, AuthMessageSender>();
            services.AddTransient<ISmsSender, AuthMessageSender>();

            services.AddMvc();
        }

        // This method gets called by the runtime. Use this method to configure the HTTP request pipeline.
        public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env)
        {
            if (env.IsDevelopment())
            {
                app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
                app.UseBrowserLink();
                app.UseDatabaseErrorPage();
            }
            else
            {
                app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
            }

            app.UseStaticFiles();

            app.UseAuthentication();

            app.UseMvc(routes =>
            {
                routes.MapRoute(
                    name: "default",
                    template: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
            });
        }
    }
}

运行程序,点击登陆(只要访问数据库的操作都可),出现错误页面:

点击应用迁移,即自动迁移数据库.

由于两个数据库,只会自动迁移关于用户的表AspNetUsers,

所以还得VS中程序包管理器中下命令迁移.

Add-Migration firstMigration -DotNetCoreDbContext

Update-Database;

运行即可