c++虚函数与多态实例分析

 1 #include   <iostream>
 2 #include   <complex>
 3 using namespace   std;
 4
 5 class Base
 6 {
 7 public:
 8     Base() {cout<<"Base-ctor"<<endl;}
 9     ~Base() {cout<<"Base-dtor"<<endl;}
10     virtual void f(int){cout<<"Base::f(int)"<<endl;}
11     virtual void f(double){cout<<"Base::f(double)"<<endl;}
12     virtual void g(int i=10){cout<<"Base::g()"<<i<<endl;}
13 };
14 class Derived : public Base
15 {
16 public:
17     Derived() {cout<<"Derived-ctor" <<endl;}
18     ~Derived(){cout<<"Derived-dtor"<<endl;}
19     void f(complex<double>) {
20         cout<<"Derived::f(complex)"<<endl;
21     }
22     void g(int   i=20){
23         cout<<"Derived::g()"<<i<<endl;
24     }
25 };
26 int main()
27 {
28     cout<<sizeof(Base)<<endl;   //sizeof针对实例，不包含成员函数,每个实例都有虚函数表，子类共用父类的虚函数表所以sizeof大小一样
29     cout<<sizeof(Derived)<<endl;   //至于为什么一个虚函数(注释掉两个)和三个虚函数的大小都是一样的，这是因为无论多少个虚函数，都保存在一个虚函数表中，而对象中只保存一个指向虚函数表的虚函数表指针，所以无论多少个虚函数，大小均为一个虚函数指针
30
31     Base b;
32     Derived d;
33     Base *pb=new Derived;   //父类指针指向子类对象，多态的必要条件
34     b.f(1.0);
35     d.f(1.0);
36     pb->f(1.0);  //并非多态，函数参数不同，为新的函数。
37     b.g();
38     d.g();
39     pb->g();  //多态，动态绑定，调用的为实际传给指针的类的方法
40     delete   pb;
41     return 0;
42 }  

 1 #include   <iostream>
 2 using   namespace   std;
 3 class   Base
 4 {
 5 public:
 6     Base():data(count)
 7     {
 8         cout<<"Base-ctor"<<endl;
 9         ++count;
10     }
11     ~Base()
12     {
13         cout<<"Base-dtor"<<endl;
14         --count;
15     }
16     static int count;
17     int data;
18 };
19 int Base::count;
20 class Derived  : public Base
21 {
22 public:
23     Derived():data(count),data1(data)
24     {
25         cout<<"Derived-ctor"<<endl;
26         ++count;
27     }
28     ~Derived()
29     {
30         cout<<"Derived-dtor"<<endl;
31         --count;
32     }
33     static int count;
34     int data1;
35     int data;
36 };
37 int Derived::count=10;
38 int main()
39 {
40     cout<<sizeof(Base)<<endl;
41     cout<<sizeof(Derived)<<endl;
42
43     Base* pb = new Derived[3];
44     cout<<pb[0].data<<endl;
45     cout<<pb[1].data<<endl;
46     cout<<pb[2].data<<endl;   //为什么它是10 不懂...
47     cout<<((static_cast<Derived*>(pb))+2)->data1<<endl;
48     delete[] pb;  //由于析构函数不是虚函数，所以delete只执行了基类的析构函数，无法执行子类的析构函数 所以子类的count为13
49
50     cout<<Base::count<<endl;
51     cout<<Derived::count<<endl;
52     return 0;
53 } 

参考资料：http://blog.csdn.net/hackbuteer1/article/details/7883531