今天坐高铁时尝试了一种学习ASP.NET 5的笨方法,从空文件夹开始,根据运行dnx . kestrel命令的错误信息,一步一步写代码,直至将一个最简单的ASP.NET程序运行起来。
尝试的具体步骤如下。
新建一个空文件夹HelloCnblogs:
mkdir HelloCnblogs && cd $_
在这个空HelloCnblogs文件夹中运行 dnx . kestrel 命令(基于CoreCLR的dnx),运行结果是如下的出错信息:
System.InvalidOperationException: Unable to resolve project ‘HelloCnblogs‘ from /Git/HelloCnblogs at Microsoft.Framework.Runtime.ApplicationHostContext..ctor ...
添加一个空project.json文件(命令为touch project.json),运行dnx . kestrel命令,错误信息如下:
Error: Microsoft.Framework.Runtime.FileFormatException: The JSON file can‘t be deserialized to a JSON object. at Microsoft.Framework.Runtime.Project.GetProjectFromStream( Stream stream, String projectName, String projectPath, ICollection`1 diagnostics)
在project.json文件中添加 {} ,运行dnx . kestrel命令,错误信息如下:
System.InvalidOperationException: Unable to load application or execute command ‘kestrel‘. at Microsoft.Framework.ApplicationHost.Program.ThrowEntryPointNotfoundException( DefaultHost host, String applicationName, Exception innerException)
在project.json中添加kestrel command:
"commands": { "kestrel": "Microsoft.AspNet.Hosting --server Kestrel --server.urls http://localhost:8080" }
运行dnx . kestrel,出错信息如下:
System.InvalidOperationException: Unable to load application or execute command ‘Microsoft.AspNet.Hosting‘. Available commands: kestrel. at Microsoft.Framework.ApplicationHost.Program.ThrowEntryPointNotfoundException( DefaultHost host, String applicationName, Exception innerException)
在project.json中添加对Kestrel的引用
"dependencies": { "Kestrel": "1.0.0-*" }
运行dnu restore之后(基于mono的dnu),再运行dnx . kestrel,出错信息变为:
System.InvalidOperationException: Failed to resolve the following dependencies for target framework ‘DNXCore,Version=v5.0‘: Kestrel 1.0.0-beta6-11871
在project.json中添加frameworks:
"frameworks": { "dnxcore50": { } }
运行dnu restore && dnx . kestrel,出现错误:
System.InvalidOperationException: A type named ‘StartupProduction‘ or ‘Startup‘ could not be found in assembly ‘HelloCnblogs‘. at Microsoft.AspNet.Hosting.Startup.StartupLoader.FindStartupType(String startupAssemblyName, IList`1 diagnosticMessages)
创建Startup.cs文件,并添加一个Startup类:
namespace HelloCnblogs { public class Startup { } }
继续dnx . kestrel,出现错误:
System.InvalidOperationException: A method named ‘ConfigureProduction‘ or ‘Configure‘ in the type ‘HelloCnblogs.Startup‘ could not be found. at Microsoft.AspNet.Hosting.Startup.StartupLoader.FindMethod( Type startupType, String methodName, String environmentName, Type returnType, Boolean required)
给Startup类添加Configure方法:
public class Startup { public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app) { } }
继续dnx . kestrel,出现错误:
error CS0246: The type or namespace name ‘IApplicationBuilder‘ could not be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
在Startup.cs中添加命名空间:
using Microsoft.AspNet.Builder;
继续dnx . kestrel,这次成功运行!
Started
这里用浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/ ,能成功访问,但页面一片空白,因为我们在程序中没进行任何内容输出操作。
于是,在Startup.cs中添加输入内容的代码:
public class Startup { public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app) { app.Run(async context => await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello, cnblogs!")); } }
继续用dnx . kestrel命令运行,出现错误:
error CS1061: ‘HttpResponse‘ does not contain a definition for ‘WriteAsync‘ and no extension method ‘WriteAsync‘ accepting a first argument of type ‘HttpResponse‘ could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?)
在Startup.cs中添加命名空间:
using Microsoft.AspNet.Http;
再次运行,成功!
$ dnx . kestrel Started
浏览器访问 http://localhost:8080/ ,得到正常的响应内容:
Hello, cnblogs!
通过这样的试错法,得到了运行一个最简单的ASP.NET 5程序的最小配置:
一个文件夹,2个文件(project.json与Startup.cs)。
project.json文件中的内容:
{ "commands": { "kestrel": "Microsoft.AspNet.Hosting --server Kestrel --server.urls http://localhost:8080" }, "dependencies": { "Kestrel": "1.0.0-*" }, "frameworks": { "dnxcore50": { } } }
Startup.cs中的内容:
using Microsoft.AspNet.Builder; using Microsoft.AspNet.Http; namespace HelloCnblogs { public class Startup { public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app) { app.Run(async context => await context.Response.WriteAsync("Hello, cnblogs!")); } } }
虽然是用最笨的方法写了一个最简单的程序,但是这么动手操作一次,感觉就是不一样。