1.4开始进行故障恢复*****
1、重新初始化建库
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[[email protected] data]# mkdir mysql
[[email protected] data]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[ro[email protected] data]# /install/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--basedir=/install/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/install/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘
/install/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h etiantian.cn password‘new-password‘
Alternatively you can run:
/install/mysql//bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /install/mysql/ ; /install/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /install/mysql//mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /install/mysql//scripts/mysqlbugscript!
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2、启动数据库测试登录
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[[email protected] data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.......................... SUCCESS!
[[email protected] data]# mysql
mysql:Collation‘utf8-general_ci‘ is not a compiled collation and is not specifiedin the ‘/install/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml‘ file
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.33-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rightsreserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current inputstatement.
mysql> quit
-> Ctrl-C -- exit!
Aborted
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提示：可以登录但是报了一个错误。Collation‘utf8-general_ci‘ is not a compiled collation
字符集校对规则没有编译进去。奇怪了。由于着急这块当时没有询问客户，浪费了一点时间。只询问了客户数据库备份的命令，因为涉及到建库问题：
老男孩 19:07:07
你当时的备份命令
XX 19:07:10
好
XX 19:07:12
稍等
XX 19:07:40
mysqldump -u root -ptest110oldboyeshop_ett100 >eshop_ett100.0624.sql
XX 19:08:49
是的
老男孩 19:09:29
以后加 -B
老男孩 19:09:43
mysql库的用户你知道吧。
XX 19:09:46
哦，就是这个选项是吗
XX 19:09:48
知道
老男孩 19:09:51
就是web用户连接的用户及密码
XX 19:10:00
etiantian,test110oldboy
老男孩 19:18:18
由于你备份没有加-B，所以需要建库，整个命令及字符集呢
XX 19:18:28
utf-8
XX 19:18:34
没任何别的东西
XX 19:19:18
create database eshop_ett100 utf8
老男孩 19:19:44
你这是完整命令么
XX 19:20:18
不是，那个utf-8是这个db的默认字符集，没其他任何选项
XX 19:20:22
完整的等下我找找
老男孩 19:21:35
我写好了，create database eshop_ett100 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
XX 19:21:43
create database test2 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
询问完毕
下面是老男孩操作的过程，查看建库字符集
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[[email protected] data]# cat /root/.mysql_history |grep create
create\040database\040eshop_ett100\040DEFAULT\040CHARACTER\040SET\040utf8\040COLLATE\040utf8_general_ci;确定建库的命令。
[[email protected] data]# mysql
mysql: Collation ‘utf8-general_ci‘ is not a compiled collation andis not specified in the ‘/install/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml‘ file
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.33-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rightsreserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current inputstatement.
mysql> create database eshop_ett100 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
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3、开始正式尝试恢复故障数据库。
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[[email protected] data]# mysql eshop_ett100 </home/xxx/eshop_ett100.0624.sql
mysql: Collation ‘utf8-general_ci‘ is not acompiled collation and is not specified in the‘/install/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml‘ file
ERROR 1030 (HY000) at line 46: Got error -1from storage engine
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我晕，报错！看来这个字符集校对规则必须重编了。于是询问客户：
老男孩 19:22:16
mysql: Collation ‘utf8-general_ci‘ is not a compiled collation andis not specified in the ‘/install/mysql/share/charsets/Index.xml‘ file
XX 19:22:19
utf8_general_ci这个东西我编译myhsql的时候写错了，写成utf8-general_ci
XX 19:23:15
下划线写成中线了
XX 19:23:23
我重编安装下，你觉得好不好
老男孩 19:24:28
确实提示不支持
XX 19:24:43
应该是下划线
老男孩 19:24:55
你重编吧
XX 19:24:56
utf8_general_ci
老男孩 19:25:01
我等你
老男孩 19:25:18
也可以免编译
老男孩 19:25:52
mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 没下载地址上传太慢
老男孩 19:26:00
你还是重新编译吧
XX 19:26:07
马上重编好了
老男孩 19:26:09
删掉安装目录我都备好了
XX 19:26:26
好，/data需要不需要删除
老男孩 19:29:22
都删掉
老男孩 19:29:28
安装目录都删掉
老男孩 19:29:32
配置文件不要动
XX 19:29:45
装好了
老男孩 19:29:47
到了make install即可
XX 19:29:51
配置文件没动，我cp了一下
XX 19:29:55
好了
老男孩 19:30:28
OK
4、数据库重新编译后，老男孩开始进行二次故障恢复。
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[[email protected] data]# pwd
/data
[[email protected] data]# rm -fr mysql
[[email protected] data]# mkdir mysql
[[email protected] data]# chown -R mysql.mysql <==这是着急的杰作，连目标都没加，偶也紧张啊。
chown: missing operand after `mysql.mysql‘
Try `chown --help‘ for more information.
[[email protected] data]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
[[email protected] data]# /install/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db--basedir=/install/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql/ --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/install/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root password ‘new-password‘
/install/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h etiantian.cn password‘new-password‘
Alternatively you can run:
/install/mysql//bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default. This is
strongly recommended for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /install/mysql/ ; /install/mysql//bin/mysqld_safe &
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /install/mysql//mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /install/mysql//scripts/mysqlbugscript!
|
重新初始化完毕
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[[email protected] data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL......................... SUCCESS!
[[email protected] data]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.33-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rightsreserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current inputstatement.
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启动成功，并且数据库的登录也完全正常了。
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mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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建库
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mysql> create database eshop_ett100 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
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命令行数据全备恢复：
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[[email protected] data]# mysql eshop_ett100</home/xxx/eshop_ett100.0624.sql
ERROR 1030 (HY000) at line 46: Got error -1 from storage engine
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晕，报错。到这里，说实话，当时心里突然一凉，本来很自信的答应客户，100%可以恢复。现在全备有问题。。。。。。完蛋了。这是当时真心的想法。伙伴们勿笑。
停顿了一下，马上冷静，下意识的看看数据库备份内容没发现异常。
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[[email protected] data]# less /home/xxx/eshop_ett100.0624.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib5.5.33, for Linux (x86_64)
......
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停顿一下，下意识的感觉这个错误很熟悉，曾经遇到过。然后谷歌了下，找到了答案。解决过程如下：
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[[email protected] data]# mysql eshop_ett100 </home/xxx/eshop_ett100.0624.sql
ERROR 1030 (HY000) at line 46: Got error -1 from storage engine
[[email protected] data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL. SUCCESS!
[[email protected] data]# vi /etc/my.cnf <==此处顺便调整相关其他参数
innodb_force_recovery= 0 调整这个参数为0
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 614
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
query_cache_limit = 1M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
# Try number of CPU‘s*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8
........
"/etc/my.cnf" 159L, 4948C written
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重启服务
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[[email protected] data]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.
. SUCCESS!
[[email protected] data]#
[[email protected] data]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.33-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rightsreserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current inputstatement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| eshop_ett100 |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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5、为了防止数据问题，重新建库。
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mysql> drop database eshop_ett100;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> create database eshop_ett100 CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
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最后一击。
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[[email protected] data]# mysql eshop_ett100 </home/xxx/eshop_ett100.0624.sql
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到此，全备恢复成功。心里终于舒坦了。亲们。。。
接下来开始准备增量数据的恢复。
1、检查备份好的用于恢复的增量文件
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[[email protected] data]# cd /server/backup/
[[email protected] backup]# ll
total 84832
drwxr-xr-x 7 mysql mysql 4096 Jun 24 19:09 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 root root 14935771 Jun 24 19:27 mysql-bin.000014
-rw-r----- 1 root root 56588034 Jun 24 19:27 mysql-bin.000015
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 15331635 Jun 24 19:06 mysql.tar.gz
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2、根据全备的时间点设置增量恢复条件（这里要看全备的时间点）
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[[email protected] backup]# mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000014mysql-bin.000015 --start-datetime=‘2014-06-24 02:23:00‘ >bin.sql
mysqlbinlog: unknown variable ‘default-character-set=utf8‘
[[email protected] backup]# which mysqlbinlog
/install/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog
[[email protected] backup]# /install/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlogmysql-bin.000014 mysql-bin.000015 --start-datetime=‘2014-06-24 02:23:00‘>bin.sql
/install/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog: unknown variable‘default-character-set=utf8‘
[[email protected] backup]# /install/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlogmysql-bin.000014 mysql-bin.000015 --start-datetime=‘2014-06-24 02:23:00‘>bin.sql
/install/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog: unknown variable‘default-character-set=utf8‘
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我晕，又报错，定了定神一看，你X，这个错误瞒不了我，老男孩给学生讲课常遇到。
添加--no-defaults参数开始增量恢复。
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[[email protected] backup]# /install/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog --no-defaultsmysql-bin.000014 mysql-bin.000015 --start-datetime=‘2014-06-24 02:23:00‘>bin.sql
[[email protected] backup]# less bin.sql
[[email protected] backup]# mysql eshop_ett100 < bin.sql
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到此，增量恢复完毕，即数据库故障问题全部恢复完成。
1.5数据库故障恢复后扫尾工作
1、登录数据库查看
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[[email protected] backup]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.33-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rightsreserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current inputstatement.
mysql> showdatabases; 看到了多紧张了吧。
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check themanual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax touse near ‘showdatabases‘ at line 1
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| eshop_ett100 |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use eshop_ett100
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------------------+
| Tables_in_eshop_ett100 |
+-----------------------------+
| eshop_ett_activity |
......
| eshop_ett_web |
| eshop_ett_web_code |
+-----------------------------+
185 rows in set (0.00 sec)
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所有的表都存在。退出，对恢复完毕的数据库做全备，这块非常关键，不要让恢复过程付诸东流。
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mysql> quit
Bye
[[email protected] backup]# mysql -B –F eshop_ett100|gzip>new.sql.gz
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<==我晕忙中出错，恢复命令开始都搞错了，结果，处于等待状态，回车也不结束。
正确恢复命令如下：
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[[email protected] backup]# mysqldump -B -F eshop_ett100|gzip>new.sql.gz
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2、通知客户，先改web端口，开启web服务内部测试看看
目的：该端口目的是不让用户访问，内部先看下是否恢复正常。与客户回报原话：
老男孩 19:41:53
亲，恢复完毕了。
老男孩 19:42:00
先别起WEB
老男孩 19:42:04
你等进去
老男孩 19:42:15
等进去设置下连接账号吧
XX 19:42:17
好
老男孩 19:42:28
root没密码
XX 19:42:44
好
老男孩 19:43:39
需要我帮忙你就提供用户和密码
XX 19:43:41
客户端进不去mysql
XX 19:43:51
哦，没密码
XX 19:43:57
etiantian，test110oldboy
XX 19:44:14
权限是本机增删查改eshop_ett
老男孩 19:45:28
grant select,insert,update,delete on eshop_ett100.* to‘etiantian‘@‘localhost‘ identified by ‘test110oldboy‘
XX 19:45:39
yes
老男孩 19:46:30
WEB目录在哪
XX 19:46:36
/www
老男孩 19:46:37
我们改个端口起来
XX 19:46:44
好
XX 19:46:47
用多少端口
XX 19:46:51
我在web里面改
老男孩 19:46:53
9000
3、测试web服务，居然403，有连续调整了web目录许可，以及首页文件，最后成功打开网站，经过客户仔细测试。
提示：在老男孩恢复期间，还有客户公司的2个人，添乱，一直在改东西。所以导致了web也403。
老男孩 19:47:05
你改吧就是不让用户登录
老男孩 19:47:10
我们看下数据是否正常
老男孩 19:47:21
一切OK了 就可以改回端口用了
XX 19:47:30
好
XX 19:47:40
你说的是httpd的端口是吗
老男孩 19:47:49
对的
老男孩 19:47:59
数据库密码改了？
XX 19:47:59
我以为mysql的端口
XX 19:48:19
好了
XX 19:48:21
改了
XX 19:48:23
全是那个密码
老男孩 19:48:33
哪个
XX 19:48:35
今天在网上暴露了，回头我得改密码
XX 19:48:40
test110oldboy
XX 19:48:46
root，etiantian都这个
XX 19:48:56
我现在起web？
老男孩 19:50:04
改过的HTTP的端口 就重启吧
XX 19:50:29
好
老男孩 19:51:05
登录web检查点
1、看看乱码不。
2、看看用户注册记录量, 够不够,是不是连续的,订单对不对 包括白天有没有
XX 19:51:42
恩
XX 19:53:10
说的没权限访问根目录，我看看
老男孩 19:54:24
提示呢
XX 19:54:36
[Tue Jun 24 19:53:57 2014] [error] [client 110.75.102.99] Directoryindex forbidden by Options directive: /www/
XX 19:54:38
httpd
XX 19:54:43
没事这个，我能搞定
老男孩 19:56:16
还是80 了？
XX 19:56:31
恩
XX 19:56:39
有领导来了要看，擦
老男孩 19:57:00
不行目录给我 403 我来帮你
老男孩 19:57:21
站点目录 http配置路径告诉我
XX 19:57:36
httpd安装目录 /install/httpd
XX 19:57:43
其余全是默认
XX 19:59:32
你等下，我大约知道什么问题了
老男孩 20:00:00
首页文件是哪个
老男孩 20:00:03
赶紧告诉我
XX 20:00:17
改掉了，等下，我替换回来看看
老男孩 20:00:36
我改好好了
老男孩 20:00:41
你别乱改了。
老男孩 20:00:45
直接打开网站就行了
老男孩 20:00:54
测试好了以后你再弄
老男孩 20:00:59
我这个打开了
老男孩 20:01:04
你登录检查数据库吧
XX 20:01:07
好了
老男孩 20:01:14
之前你们都改错了
XX 20:01:16
我从别的主机上拿了个文件来了
老男孩 20:01:23
站点目录和许可的不一致还没首页文件
XX 20:01:44
有个人改了这个东西
XX 20:01:46
是的
老男孩 20:01:56
赶紧检查数据库吧
XX 20:02:01
我们经理一直在旁边看着，太撑面子了
XX 20:02:02
哈哈
老男孩 20:02:15
赶紧检查 没事 我就下了，下课了，我还没吃饭呢，有朋友等着呢。
老男孩 20:02:20
必须支持你们啊。
老男孩 20:02:26
不支持你们支持谁
老男孩 20:02:45
整个恢复过程应该是数据无损失
XX 20:02:54
哈哈，太感谢了
老男孩 20:04:05
刚才我写了个备份脚本 被删了。
老男孩 20:04:23
改天你让运维都搞好写个优化文档 回头我给你审核下。
XX 20:04:33
我只删了install/mysql
老男孩 20:04:34
备份容灾措施
XX 20:04:42
等下，我看看你说的有个文件许可
老男孩 20:05:11
看看都正常了不
XX 20:05:27
都正常了
老男孩 20:05:34
ll /server/backup/
老男孩 20:05:40
恢复之后的全备目录
老男孩 20:05:45
你们赶紧全备吧
XX 20:05:58
全备就还是我那个命令对吧
老男孩 20:07:05
!#/bin/sh
bakpath=/server/scripts
[ ! -d $bakpath ] &&mkdir $bakpath
mysqldump -uroot -ptest110oldboy -B eshop_ett100|gzip>$bakpath/eshop_ett100_$(date +%F).sql.gz
mysqldump -uroot -ptest110oldboy -B mysql --events |gzip>$bakpath/mysql_$(date +%F).sql.gz
老男孩 20:07:20
一定要加-B 不然恢复麻烦
XX 20:08:16
我把全备就放在那个/server/backup/下面就行了是吧
XX 20:08:44
好，我按你这个备
老男孩 20:08:51
mysqldump -uroot -ptest110oldboy -B -F --single-transaction eshop_ett100|gzip>$bakpath/eshop_ett100_$(date +%F).sql.gz
老男孩 20:09:01
最后这个吧。
XX 20:09:04
好
老男孩 20:09:19
备好写个定时任务，然后头几天检查报警看。
老男孩 20:09:44
增量直接本地rsync 推就可以
老男孩 20:09:52
对
老男孩 20:10:02
注意目录是变量要定义
老男孩 20:10:07
我要下了
老男孩 20:10:11
还有事么？
XX 20:10:11
本地没其他虚拟机，其他的都在我内网，像我刚拽index文件过去
XX 20:10:14
好的，你休息
XX 20:10:24
我写备份脚本+cron
XX 20:10:26
没事了
XX 20:10:28
太感谢了
老男孩 20:10:59
我下了。有事电话。
XX 20:11:02
好的
XX 20:11:04
你先下吧
XX 20:11:09
我慢慢研究会
XX 20:11:10
呵呵
老男孩 20:11:12
不注意规范
XX 20:11:14
水平如此噻
老男孩 20:11:23
恢复的过程有空我给你
XX 20:11:23
手还是太糙
老男孩 20:11:26
我都保留了
XX 20:11:28
好的
老男孩 20:11:33
你是开发大拿
老男孩 20:11:43
各有专攻
XX 20:11:46
哎，现在开发少了，主要靠这个
XX 20:11:57
你抓紧时间休息吧
老男孩 20:12:02
好 88
XX 20:12:06
上一天课也累了
XX 20:12:08
好，88哦
老男孩 20:12:56
另外以后不要killall杀库，我估计你是参数给大了，特别是innodb buffer。停库时间较长是正常的，多等，另外要做好主从复制，为恢复争取时间。
后记：整个恢复过程持续了将近1个小时。比计划解决时间多出了半小时，看来很多时间还是始料不及的，特别是作为第三方公司，老男孩对客户的业务不了解也是故障恢复进度慢的一个原因，好多要和客户沟通交流的，另外，不在一个城市，靠QQ聊天解决问题，效率确实还是低了一些，幸好客户的配合还是不错。
解决问题容易，写故障报告难，能主动写报告给客户更难，老男孩做到了。
1、ssh事先配好记录LOG，便于事后总结。
2、服务于客户，要尽可能超越客户的期待。
老男孩和大家一起努力。。。谢谢大家观看。
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本文出自 “老男孩linux培训” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com/2561410/1431172
时间： 2024-12-26 08:13:16
