MVC应用程序里的URL请求是通过控制器Controller处理的,不管是请求视图页面的GET请求,还是传递数据到服务端处理的Post请求都是通过Controller来处理的,先看一个简单的Controlller:
public class DerivedController : Controller { public ActionResult Index() { ViewBag.Message = "Hello from the DerivedController Index method"; //动态数据 return View("MyView"); //指定返回的View } }
是个DerivedController,那么对应处理的URL就是这样的:localhost:1042/Derived/Index,并且Index这个Action指定了返回的视图是MyView,而不是同名的Index视图,那么就需要新建一个视图MyView。在Index这个Action方法内右键 - 添加视图 - MyView,或者在解决方案的Views目录下新建一个Derived目录,再右键 - 新建视图 - MyView:
@{ ViewBag.Title = "MyView"; } <h2> MyView</h2> Message: @ViewBag.Message
直接Ctrl+F5运行程序浏览器定位到的url是:localhost:1042,看看路由的定义:
routes.MapRoute( "Default", // 路由名称 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 );
注意路由的最后一行:new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
都给默认值了,那么URL:localhost:1042 其实就是:localhost:1042/Home/Index id是可选参数。
localhost:1042/Home/Index这个Url找的Controller自然是HomeController,Index对应的是HomeController下的Index这个Action,显然没有HoomeController,自然会报404错。
解决方法:
1.把路由的默认值修改成:
new { controller = "Derived", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
2.在浏览器的url栏里手动输入:localhost:1042/Derived/index
可以通过上下文对象Context取一些参数:
string userName = User.Identity.Name; string serverName = Server.MachineName; string clientIP = Request.UserHostAddress; DateTime dateStamp = HttpContext.Timestamp;
跟普通的WebForm里一样,可以通过Request.Form接收传递过来的参数:
string oldProductName = Request.Form["OldName"]; string newProductName = Request.Form["NewName"];
取URL里/路由的参数:
string city = RouteData.Values["city"].ToString();
给Controller传参:
public ActionResult ShowWeatherForecast(string city, DateTime forDate) { ViewBag.City = city; ViewBag.ForDate = forDate; return View(); }
对应的a标签是这样的:
@Html.ActionLink("查看天气(传参)", "ShowWeatherForecast", new { city = "北京", forDate = @DateTime.Now })
再添加对应的视图:
@{ Layout = null; } 要查询的是:@ViewBag.City 的天气,查询的时间是:@ViewBag.ForDate
运行下程序ShowWeatherForecast视图就显示了:
要查询的是:北京 的天气,查询的时间是:2013/11/25 21:08:04
当然也可以不传参但是提供默认值:
@Html.ActionLink("查看天气(默认值) ", "ShowWeatherForecast", new { forDate = @DateTime.Now })
没有传city,看Controller:
public ActionResult ShowWeatherForecast(DateTime forDate, string city = "合肥") { ViewBag.City = city; ViewBag.ForDate = forDate; return View(); }
视图显示:
要查询的是:合肥 的天气,查询的时间是:2013/11/25 21:16:35
默认值已经起作用了。
控制器里获取路由数据:
public string Index() { string controller = (string)RouteData.Values["controller"]; string action = (string)RouteData.Values["action"]; return string.Format("Controller: {0}, Action: {1}", controller, action); }
自然浏览器就会显示:Controller: Derived, Action: index
Action里实现跳转:
public void Index() { Response.Redirect("/Derived/ShowWeatherForecast"); }
使用Response.Redirect实现跳转还比较偏WebForm化,MVC里更应该这么跳转:
public ActionResult Index() { return new RedirectResult("/Derived/ShowWeatherForecast"); }
之前都是类似的Action都是Return的View这里却Return的却是RedirectResult,这就得看方法的返回值了,方法的返回值是ActionResult,并不仅仅是ViewResult,可以理解为ActionResult是ViewResult和RedirectResult等等的基类。
这里甚至可以直接返回视图文件的物理路径:
return View("~/Views/Derived/ShowWeatherForecast.cshtml");
常用的Action返回值类型有:
跳转到别的Action:
public RedirectToRouteResult Redirect() { return RedirectToAction("Index"); }
上面的方法是跳转到当前Controller下的另外一个Action,如果要跳转到别的Controller里的Action:
return RedirectToAction("Index", "MyController");
返回普通的Text数据:
public ContentResult Index() { string message = "This is plain text"; return Content(message, "text/plain", Encoding.Default); }
返回XML格式的数据:
public ContentResult XMLData() { StoryLink[] stories = GetAllStories(); XElement data = new XElement("StoryList", stories.Select(e => { return new XElement("Story", new XAttribute("title", e.Title), new XAttribute("description", e.Description), new XAttribute("link", e.Url)); })); return Content(data.ToString(), "text/xml"); }
返回JSON格式的数据(常用):
[HttpPost] public JsonResult JsonData() { StoryLink[] stories = GetAllStories(); return Json(stories); }
文件下载:
public FileResult AnnualReport() { string filename = @"c:\AnnualReport.pdf"; string contentType = "application/pdf"; string downloadName = "AnnualReport2011.pdf"; return File(filename, contentType, downloadName); }
触发这个Action就会返回一个文件下载提示:
返回HTTP状态码:
//404找不到文件 public HttpStatusCodeResult StatusCode() { return new HttpStatusCodeResult(404, "URL cannot be serviced"); } //404找不到文件 public HttpStatusCodeResult StatusCode() { return HttpNotFound(); } //401未授权 public HttpStatusCodeResult StatusCode() { return new HttpUnauthorizedResult(); }
返回RSS订阅内容:
public RssActionResult RSS() { StoryLink[] stories = GetAllStories(); return new RssActionResult<StoryLink>("My Stories", stories, e => { return new XElement("item", new XAttribute("title", e.Title), new XAttribute("description", e.Description), new XAttribute("link", e.Url)); }); }
触发这个Action就会浏览器机会显示: