MYSQL_Linux安装笔记

***实验环境***

1.系统平台：RedHat Linux 6.5

[[email protected] ~]# uname -a

Linux mysql 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64 #1 SMP Sun Nov 10 22:19:54 EST 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/issue

Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago)

Kernel \r on an \m

2.实用软件：mysql-5.5.37.tar.gz，cmake-2.8.12.2.tar.gz

软件来源：http://mysql.mirror.kangaroot.net/Downloads/MySQL-5.5/

http://wwwNaNake.org/files/v2.8/

3.准备前工作：

A.修改主机名文件

[[email protected]mysql /]# vi /etc/hosts

192.168.1.211   mysql

B.修改网络配置文件

[[email protected] /]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

HWADDR=00:0C:29:A6:EF:6E

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=4d0cd3ec-ef71-4036-bf9e-4d46ae76bcb2

ONBOOT=yes--不允许自动引导

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO=static--使用静态IP地址

IPADDR=192.168.1.221--添加Ip地址

NETWORK=255.255.255.0--添加子网掩码

GATEWAY=192.168.1.1--添加网关

[[email protected] /]# service network restart

B．关闭防火墙

[[email protected] /]# service iptables stop

C.关闭安全机制

[[email protected] /]# vi /etc/selinux/config

SELINUX=disabled

D.重启计算机

[[email protected] /]# reboot

or init 6

or shutdown -rf

一、 校验MYSQL是否存在已安装库文件，如果已存在库文件需删除；不然会引起冲突

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

qt-mysql-4.6.2-26.el6_4.x86_64

mysql-server-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64

mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

二、 卸载已存在的MYSQL库文件

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ev qt-mysql-4.6.2-26.el6_4.x86_64 --nodeps

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ev mysql-server-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ev mysql-libs-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ev mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ev perl-DBD-MySQL-4.013-3.el6.x86_64 --nodeps

OR 使用yum 删除库文件

/*6.5 yum配置方法*/

a. 备份系统自带yum源，备份之后；或删除或重命名

[[email protected] mysql]# cp –p /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo ~/rhel-source.repo.bak

[[email protected]sql mysql]# rm –f /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo

or

[[email protected] mysql]# mv rhel-source.repo back_rhel-source.repo.bak

b.创建yum源文件

[[email protected] mysql]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d

vi rhel6.repo

[rhel6.5]

name=yum server

baseurl=file:///yum

enabled=1

gpgcheck=0

gpgfile=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

c.创建yum目录

[[email protected] mysql]# mkdir /yum

d.挂在光驱至yum目录(redhat 6.5 配置完成后，如果不能识别需要重启服务器再挂载yum)

[[email protected] mysql]# mount /dev/cdrom /yum

f.测试yum源

[[email protected] mysql]# Yum list

[[email protected] mysql]# Yum clean all

g.删除MYSQL库文件

[[email protected] mysql]# yum –y remove mysql-5.1.71-1.el6.x86_64

三、 将动态函数库加载到高速缓存(cache)中，提供MYSQL的高可用性

1. 将MySQL数据库函数库的存放目录写入此文件中

[[email protected] software]# vi /etc/ld.so.conf

include ld.so.conf.d/*.conf

/usr/local/lib

/usr/local/lib64

2.保存写入，生效函数库

[[email protected] software]# ldconfig

[[email protected] software]# ldconfig -p

四、 确保以下所需系统软件包已经被安装

1. 切入到yum源存放目录

[[email protected] Packages]# cd /yum/Packages

2. 校验系统所需软件包gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel* libgcrypt* libtool*

[[email protected] Packages]# rpm -qa | grep -i gcc*

3.好吧，不要都验证了；把所有的需求软件包都安装

[[email protected] Packages]# yum -y install gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel* libgcrypt* libtool*

五、 安装方法常用有两种，一种为通用方法格式为.tar的源码安装，一种为RPM包安装方法

***源码包实施安装过程***

1. 查看MYSQL组和用户，重建MYSQL组及用户

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/group

[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/passwd

[[email protected] ~]# userdel mysql

[[email protected] ~]# groupadd mysql

[[email protected] ~]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

2. 新建MYSQL数据库工作目录，建议设在/usr/local/下面

a. 创建MYSQL安装路径

[[email protected] mysql]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql

b. 创建MYSQL数据库存放路径

[[email protected] /]# mkdir -p /data/mysql

c. 赋予MYSQL数据存放权限

[[email protected] /]# chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

[[email protected] /]# chmod 775 /data/mysql/

3. 安装cmake软件包

[[email protected] software]# tar -zxvf  cmake-2.8.12.2.tar.gz

[[email protected] software]# ls

[[email protected] software]# cd cmake-2.8.12.2

[[email protected] cmake-2.8.12.2]# ls

[[email protected] cmake-2.8.12.2]# ./configure

[[email protected] cmake-2.8.12.2]# make;make install

4. 编译安装MYSQL源码包

[[email protected] software]# tar zxvf mysql-5.5.37.tar.gz

[[email protected] software]# cd mysql-5.5.37

[[email protected] mysql-5.5.37]# ls

[[email protected] mysql-5.5.37]# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/data/mysql/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS:STRING=utf8,gbk -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/data/mysql/ -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306

[[email protected] mysql-5.5.37]# echo $?

***注意事项***

echo $? 返回0则表示成功，返回1则标识失败

重新编译时，需要清除旧的对象文件和缓存信息。

# make clean

# rm -f CMakeCache.txt

# rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

参数说明：

-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/home/mysql/mysql   //安装目录

-DINSTALL_DATADIR=/home/mysql/data         //数据库存放目录

-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8                     //使用utf8字符

-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci         //校验字符

-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all                       //安装所有扩展字符集

-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1                   //允许从本地导入数据

[[email protected] mysql-5.5.37]# make;make install

[[email protected] mysql-5.5.37]# echo $? (0表示成功，1表示失败)

5. /usr/local/src/mysql/mysql-5.5.37下的目录结构

6. 配置并初始化数据库

a. 创建my.cnf配置文件

[[email protected] mysql-5.5.37]# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf

b. 执行前需赋给scripts/mysql_install_db文件执行权限

[[email protected] mysql-5.5.37]# cd /usr/local/mysql/

[[email protected] mysql]# ls

c. 初始化数据库

[[email protected] mysql]# scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/

[[email protected] mysql]# echo $?

d. 创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本,并赋予其执行权限

[[email protected] mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[[email protected] mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

e. 启动MYSQL数据库

[[email protected] mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL...[  OK  ]

f. 通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）

[[email protected] mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root –p

Enter password:

Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection id is 1

Server version: 5.5.37-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit

Bye

g. 安装MYSQL客户端软件包，可以支持MYSQL命令行命令

[[email protected] Packages]# yum -y install mysql

h. 设置Mysql密码

[[email protected] ~]#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin password -uroot ‘cy_mysql‘

***遇到问题，提示没有使用密码***

mysqladmin: connect to server at ‘localhost‘ failed
error: ‘Access denied for user ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ (using password: YES)‘

***解决办法***

(1)查看配置文件使用密码情况

[[email protected] Packages]# cat /etc/my.cnf

(2)建立mysql命令链接

[[email protected] mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin

(3)以命令行模式启动MYSQL，修改密码，为root添加远程连接能力；更新权限

[[email protected] mysql]#  mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

mysql -uroot –p

Enter password:cy_mysql (输入密码)

mysql> use mysql;

mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO [email protected]"%" IDENTIFIED BY "root";

or

mysql>GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO ‘root‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘cy_mysql‘ WITH GRANT OPTION;

mysql> update user set password=PASSWORD("cy_mysql")where user="root";

mysql> select Host,User,Password  from user where User=‘root‘;

mysql> flush privileges ;

mysql> quit

(4)重新启动MYSQL数据库，并验证登录

[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld restart

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot –p

Enter password:cy_mysql

mysql> show databases ;

+--------------------+

| Database           |

+--------------------+

| information_schema |

| mysql              |

| performance_schema |

| test               |

+--------------------+

4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> quit

7. 重新启动Linux服务器，登录MYSQL报错

[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p

Enter password:

ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to local MySQL server through socket ‘/data/mysql/mysql.sock‘ (2)

a. 查看MYSQL数据服务是否启动

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld status

b. 启动MYSQL数据库

[[email protected] ~]# service mysqld start

Or

[[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

8. 在客户端使用Navicat for mysql工具连接MYSQL进行操作

9. 修改MYSQL服务器数据库中命令行不区分表大小写

[[email protected] ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

lower_case_table_names=1

10.   数据备份与还原

(1). 备份整个库

a. 创建备份目录

[[email protected] /]# mkdir /backup

b. 指定备份目录，指定备份库

[[email protected] /]# mysqldump -u root -p bank > /backup/test_bank.sql

Enter password:

c. 还原数据库

[[email protected] backup]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

mysql> use bank

Database changed

mysql> source /backup/test_bank.sql

(2).备份某一个表

a.备份表

[[email protected] backup]# mysqldump -u root -p bank tab_item > /backup/test_bank_item.sql

c. 还原表

[[email protected] backup]# mysql -u root -p

Enter password:

mysql> use bank

Database changed

mysql> source /backup/test_bank_item.sql