Hive是基于Hadoop的一个数据仓库工具，可以将结构化的数据文件映射为一张表，并提供类SQL查询功能。
本质是：将HQL转化成MapReduce程序
1）Hive处理的数据存储在HDFS
2）Hive分析数据底层的实现是MapReduce
3）执行程序运行在Yarn上
Hive架构原理
Hive安装及配置
（1）把apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz上传到linux的/opt/software目录下
（2）解压apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz到/opt/module/目录下面
[kris@hadoop101 software]$ tar -zxvf apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
（3）修改apache-hive-1.2.1-bin.tar.gz的名称为hive
[kris@hadoop101 module]$ mv apache-hive-1.2.1-bin/ hive
（4）修改/opt/module/hive/conf目录下的hive-env.sh.template名称为hive-env.sh
[kris@hadoop101 conf]$ mv hive-env.sh.template hive-env.sh
（5）配置hive-env.sh文件
（a）配置HADOOP_HOME路径
export HADOOP_HOME=/opt/module/hadoop-2.7.2
（b）配置HIVE_CONF_DIR路径
export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/opt/module/hive/conf
Hadoop集群配置
Hadoop集群配置 （1）必须启动hdfs和yarn start-dfs.sh 若启动时出现nodenode进程或其他，受到Ha的影响，删除data数据，可重新格式化； killall java [kris@hadoop101 ~]$ cd /tmp/ [kris@hadoop101 tmp]$ rm -rf *.pid start-yarn.sh 在HDFS上创建/tmp和/user/hive/warehouse两个目录并修改他们的同组权限可写，看下没有这个文件（一般启动之后就会产生）就创建并修改权限； [kris@hadoop101 tmp]$ hadoop fs -chmod 777 /tmp/ [kris@hadoop101 tmp]$ hadoop fs -chmod g+w /user/hive/warehouse
可直接启动hive
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive
将本地文件导入hive：
在/opt/module/目录下创建datas
[atguigu@hadoop102 module]$ mkdir datas
在/opt/module/datas/目录下创建student.txt文件并添加数据
hive> create table student(id int, name string) ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED
> BY ‘\t‘;
OK
Time taken: 0.298 seconds
hive> load data local inpath ‘/opt/module/datas/student.txt‘ into table student;
Loading data to table default.student
Table default.student stats: [numFiles=2, numRows=0, totalSize=330, rawDataSize=0]
OK
Time taken: 0.729 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
student
Time taken: 0.021 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select * from student;
OK
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MySql安装
iGD2pY1XQycacXKc
sudo rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
sudo cat /root/.mysql_secret
sudo rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.24-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
sudo service mysql start
mysql -uroot -p iGD2pY1XQycacXKc
mysql> show databases;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must SET PASSWORD before executing this statement
mysql> set password=password("123456");
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
[kris@hadoop101 software]$ mysql -uroot -p123456
use mysql;
mysql> select user, host, password from user;
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
| root | hadoop101 | *F989EA3B224D436B6BEAEAEB2E879B7E765C28C5 |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *F989EA3B224D436B6BEAEAEB2E879B7E765C28C5 |
| root | ::1 | *F989EA3B224D436B6BEAEAEB2E879B7E765C28C5 |
+------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from user where host<>"localhost";
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> update user set host=‘%‘ where host=‘localhost‘;
mysql> flush privileges;
Hive元数据配置到MySql
拷贝驱动
[kris@hadoop101 software]$ tar -zxf mysql-connector-java-5.1.27.tar.gz [kris@hadoop101 software]$ ll 总用量 200936 drwxr-xr-x. 4 kris kris 4096 10月 24 2013 mysql-connector-java-5.1.27 [kris@hadoop101 mysql-connector-java-5.1.27]$ cp mysql-connector-java-5.1.27-bin.jar /opt/module/hive/lib/
配置Metastore到MySql
1．在/opt/module/hive/conf目录下创建一个hive-site.xml
[kris@hadoop101 conf]$ touch hive-site.xml
[kris@hadoop101 conf]$ vi hive-site.xml
2．根据官方文档配置参数，拷贝数据到hive-site.xml文件中
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<configuration>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
<value>jdbc:mysql://hadoop101:3306/metastore?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true</value>
<description>JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
<description>Driver class name for a JDBC metastore</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
<value>root</value>
<description>username to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
<property>
<name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword</name>
<value>123456</value>
<description>password to use against metastore database</description>
</property>
</configuration>
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/module/hive/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties hive>
多窗口启动Hive测试
1．先启动MySQL [kris@hadoop101 hive]$ mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | metastore | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.02 sec) 2．再次打开多个窗口，分别启动hive [kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive 3．启动hive后，回到MySQL窗口查看数据库，显示增加了metastore数据库
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hiveserver2 //它就相当于是SQL Parser解析器+Physical Plan编辑器+优化器+执行器 [kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/beeline //它就相当于是Client + Driver + CLI + JDBC Beeline version 1.2.1 by Apache Hive beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000 //必须把bin/hiveserver2启动了才能启动它，它们是配套的 Connecting to jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000 Enter username for jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000: kris Enter password for jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000: Connected to: Apache Hive (version 1.2.1) Driver: Hive JDBC (version 1.2.1) Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ 0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000> show databases; +----------------+--+ | database_name | +----------------+--+ | default | +----------------+--+ 1 row selected (1.233 seconds) 0: jdbc:hive2://hadoop101:10000> 发现这里发生变化：它会记录查询情况，是否出错 [kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hiveserver2 OK
Hive常用交互命令
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive -e "select * from student;"
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/module/hive/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
OK
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写入文件中：
[kris@hadoop101 datas]$ vim hivef.sql
select * from student;
[kris@hadoop101 hive]$ bin/hive -f /opt/module/datas/hivef.sql
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/module/hive/lib/hive-common-1.2.1.jar!/hive-log4j.properties
OK
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hive> dfs -ls /;
Found 2 items
drwxrwxr-x - kris supergroup 0 2019-02-13 15:59 /tmp
drwxr-xr-x - kris supergroup 0 2019-02-13 15:54 /user
hive> !ls /opt/module/datas
> ;
business.txt
dept.txt
emp_sex.txt
emp.txt
hivef.sql
location.txt
log.data
score.txt
student.txt
hive>
查看在hive中输入的所有历史命令
（1）进入到当前用户的根目录/root或/home/atguigu
（2）查看. hivehistory文件
[kris@hadoop101 ~]$ cat .hivehistory
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/shengyang17/p/10372242.html
时间： 2024-10-10 05:26:11