公司在国内、日本、美国、德国、新加坡等多地均有业务，中间业务网络用的公司专有GPN(Global Private Network中文名是全球私有化网络）链路，目前测试搭建一条备用链路，用于网络冗余和故障切换。
初步选用方案GRE over IPSec，跑ospf路由协议。
一、为何要选GRE over IPSec：
- 各个site网络比较多，需要使用路由协议进行互联；
- IPSEC不支持组播，即不能传递路由协议，在承载路由协议上不如GRE隧道方便；
- GRE隧道不能提供加密保障；
- 使用GRE在两个网关之间搭建一个隧道，运行路由协议及传输正常数据，使用IPSec对整个GRE隧道进行加密，因此需要把两者进行结合。
二、测试环境：
以中国、日本、美国三地为例，基本网络拓扑如下图，用Mikrotik RouterOS（简称ROS）做路由器和防火墙，中间跑ospf协议。GPN链路就相当于一个大二层，能够把中日美三地打通，相当于专线，因此在网络质量上优于直接走大网，做业务主线，这里不多写；主要写一下如何配置GRE链路实现备用链路功能，在GPN链路中断的时候能够自动切换到备线。
routeros上配置外网：
中国：101.251.x.x
日本：205.177.x.x
美国：38.83.x.x
三地的内网地址：
中国：10.13.24.0/22
日本：10.13.4.0/22
美国：10.13.12.0/22
三地互联地址(用10.13.253.0/24段做互联地址段)：
中国和日本：10.13.253.0/30
日本和美国：10.13.253.16/30
美国和中国：10.13.253.4/30
GPN链路网段：
10.13.252.0/24
三、配置
1、三个ros的interface（ether1/2/3分别对应着外网/内网/GPN网络）：
2、IPSec配置
中国：
/ip ipsec peer add address=205.177.x.x/32:500 comment="JP Link" auth-method=pre-shared-key secret="mypassword" generate-policy=no exchange-mode=main send-initial-contact=yes nat-traversal=no proposal-check=obey hash-algorithm=sha1 enc-algorithm=3des dh-group=modp1024 lifetime=1d lifebytes=0 dpd-interval=disable-dpd dpd-maximum-failures=5 add address=38.83.x.x/32:500 comment= "USALink" auth-method=pre-shared-key secret="mypassword" generate-policy=no exchange-mode=main send-initial-contact=yes nat-traversal=no proposal-check=obey hash-algorithm=sha1 enc-algorithm=3des dh-group=modp1024 lifetime=1d lifebytes=0 dpd-interval=disable-dpd dpd-maximum-failures=5 /ip ipsec policy add src-address=101.251.x.x/32:any dst-address=205.177.x.x/32:any protocol=all action=encrypt level=require ipsec-protocols=esp tunnel=yes sa-src-address=101.251.x.x sa-dst-address=205.177.x.x proposal=default priority=0 add src-address=101.251.x.x/32:any dst-address=38.83.x.x/32:any protocol=all action=encrypt level=require ipsec-protocols=esp tunnel=yes sa-src-address=101.251.x.x sa-dst-address=38.83.x.x proposal=default priority=0
日本：
/ip ipsec peer add address=101.251.x.x/32:500 comment="BJ Link" auth-method=pre-shared-key secret="mypassword" generate-policy=no exchange-mode=main send-initial-contact=yes nat-traversal=no proposal-check=obey hash-algorithm=sha1 enc-algorithm=3des dh-group=modp1024 lifetime=1d lifebytes=0 dpd-interval=disable-dpd dpd-maximum-failures=5 add address=38.83.x.x/32:500 comment= "USA Link" auth-method=pre-shared-key secret="mypassword" generate-policy=no exchange-mode=main send-initial-contact=yes nat-traversal=no proposal-check=obey hash-algorithm=sha1 enc-algorithm=3des dh-group=modp1024 lifetime=1d lifebytes=0 dpd-interval=disable-dpd dpd-maximum-failures=5 /ip ipsec policy add src-address=205.177.x.x/32:any dst-address=101.251.x.x/32:any protocol=all action=encrypt level=require ipsec-protocols=esp tunnel=yes sa-src-address=205.177.x.x sa-dst-address=101.251.x.x proposal=default priority=0 add src-address=205.177.x.x/32:any dst-address=38.83.x.x/32:any protocol=all action=encrypt level=require ipsec-protocols=esp tunnel=yes sa-src-address=205.177.x.x sa-dst-address=38.83.x.x proposal=default priority=0
美国：
/ip ipsec peer add address=101.251.x.x/32:500 comment="BJ Link" auth-method=pre-shared-key secret="mypassword" generate-policy=no exchange-mode=main send-initial-contact=yes nat-traversal=no proposal-check=obey hash-algorithm=sha1 enc-algorithm=3des dh-group=modp1024 lifetime=1d lifebytes=0 dpd-interval=disable-dpd dpd-maximum-failures=5 add address=205.177.x.x/32:500 comment= "JP Link" auth-method=pre-shared-key secret="mypassword" generate-policy=no exchange-mode=main send-initial-contact=yes nat-traversal=no proposal-check=obey hash-algorithm=sha1 enc-algorithm=3des dh-group=modp1024 lifetime=1d lifebytes=0 dpd-interval=disable-dpd dpd-maximum-failures=5 /ip ipsec policy add src-address=38.83.x.x/32:any dst-address=101.251.x.x/32:any protocol=all action=encrypt level=require ipsec-protocols=esp tunnel=yes sa-src-address=38.83.x.x sa-dst-address=101.251.x.x proposal=default priority=0 add src-address=38.83.x.x/32:any dst-address=205.177.x.x/32:any protocol=all action=encrypt level=require ipsec-protocols=esp tunnel=yes sa-src-address=38.83.x.x sa-dst-address=205.177.x.x proposal=default priority=0
中国示例图：
3、GRE配置：
中国：
/interface gre add name= gre-tunnel1 local-address=101.251.x.x remote-address=205.177.x.x comment="JP Link" add name= gre-tunnel2 local-address=101.251.x.x remote-address=38.83.x.x comment="USA Link" /ip address add address=10.13.253.1/30 interface=gre-tunnel1 network=10.13.253.0 comment="JP Link" add address=10.13.253.5/30 interface=gre-tunnel2 network=10.13.253.4 comment="USA Link"
日本：
/interface gre add name= gre-tunnel1 local-address=205.177.x.x remote-address=101.251.x.x comment="BJ Link" add name= gre-tunnel2 local-address=101.251.x.x remote-address=38.83.x.x comment="USA Link" /ip address add address=10.13.253.2/30 interface=gre-tunnel1 network=10.13.253.0 comment="BJ Link" add address=10.13.253.17/30 interface=gre-tunnel2 network=10.13.253.16 comment="USA Link"
美国：
/interface gre add name= gre-tunnel1 local-address=38.83.x.x remote-address=101.251.x.x comment="BJ Link" add name= gre-tunnel2 local-address=38.83.x.x remote-address=205.177.x.x comment="JP Link" /ip address add address=10.13.253.6/30 interface=gre-tunnel1 network=10.13.253.4 comment="BJ Link" add address=10.13.253.18/30 interface=gre-tunnel2 network=10.13.253.16 comment="JP Link"
中国示例图：
4、OSPF配置
把本地的内网地址段、GPN网段（10.13.252.0/24），GRE互联地址网段都宣布进去,cost值GPN链路的优先级高，设为10，GRE Tunnel的cost值设为100：
中国：
/routing ospf> interface add interface=eth2 cost=10 interface add interface=eth3 cost=10 interface add interface=gre-tunnel1 cost=100 interface add interface=gre-tunnel2 cost=100 /routing ospf> network add network=10.13.24.0/22 area=backbone comment="内网" network add network=10.13.252.0/24 area=backbone comment="GPN" network add network=10.13.253.0/30 area=backbone comment="JP Link" network add network=10.13.253.4/30 area=backbone comment="USA Link"
日本：
/routing ospf> interface add interface=eth2 cost=10 interface add interface=eth3 cost=10 interface add interface=gre-tunnel1 cost=100 interface add interface=gre-tunnel2 cost=100 /routing ospf> network add network=10.13.4.0/22 area=backbone comment="内网" network add network=10.13.252.0/24 area=backbone comment="GPN" network add network=10.13.253.0/30 area=backbone comment="BJ Link" network add network=10.13.253.16/30 area=backbone comment="USA Link"
美国：
/routing ospf> interface add interface=eth2 cost=10 interface add interface=eth3 cost=10 interface add interface=gre-tunnel1 cost=100 interface add interface=gre-tunnel2 cost=100 /routing ospf> network add network=10.13.12.0/22 area=backbone comment="内网" network add network=10.13.252.0/24 area=backbone comment="GPN" network add network=10.13.253.4/30 area=backbone comment="BJ Link" network add network=10.13.253.16/30 area=backbone comment="JP Link"
北京示例图：
四、验证
1、查看ospf是否启动成功：
2、down掉GPN的interface，查看ospf的路由是否自动切换到GRE Tunnel:
测试线路自动切换成功，再把GPN interface起来之后，查看路由又自动切换到了GPN链路。
success！
五、优化
此文中只选了3个site，备线的ospf cost值均设为了100,；在实际部署时会多于3个，ospf值的设置，可以设置为点对点的延迟值，使在切换到备线时ospf选路选的是线路延迟最低的路径，也是最优的路径。比如中日之间大网延迟大概为55ms,可以把GRE的ospf cost设为55。
时间： 2024-10-26 14:09:21