MySQL系列详解七：MySQL实现双主架构演示-技术流ken

前言

在企业中，数据库高可用一直是企业的重中之重，中小企业很多都是使用mysql主从方案，一主多从，读写分离等，但是单主存在单点故障，从库切换成主库需要作改动。因此，如果是双主或者多主，就会增加mysql入口，增加高可用。不过多主需要考虑自增长ID问题，这个需要特别设置配置文件，比如双主，可以使用奇偶，总之，主之间设置自增长ID相互不冲突就能完美解决自增长ID冲突问题。

MySQL双主（主主）架构方案思路是

1.两台mysql都可读写，互为主备，默认只使用一台（masterA）负责数据的写入，另一台（masterB）备用；

2.masterA是masterB的主库，masterB又是masterA的主库，它们互为主从；

3.两台主库之间做高可用,可以采用keepalived等方案（使用VIP对外提供服务）；

4.所有提供服务的从服务器与masterB进行主从同步（双主多从）;

5.建议采用高可用策略的时候，masterA或masterB均不因宕机恢复后而抢占VIP（非抢占模式）；

演示：MySQL双主架构实现

环境：

主1服务器端IP: 10.220.5.137

主2服务器端IP: 10.220.5.138

1.首先需要修改主服务器端配置文件

 1 #my.cnf
  2 [client]
  3 port            = 3306
  4 socket          = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
  5
  6 [mysql]
  7 #prompt="\\[email protected]\\h:\\p [\\d]>"
  8 #pager="less -i -n -S"
  9 #tee=/opt/mysql/query.log
 10 no-auto-rehash
 11
 12 [mysqld]
 13 #misc
 14 user = mysql
 15 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
 16 datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
 17 port = 3306
 18 socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
 19 event_scheduler = 0
 20 #skip-grant
 21
 22 tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
 23 #timeout
 24 interactive_timeout = 300
 25 wait_timeout = 300
 26 #auto_increment_offset = 2
 27 #auto_increment_increment = 2
 28
 29 #character set
 30 character-set-server = utf8
 32 open_files_limit = 65535
 33 max_connections = 100
 34 max_connect_errors = 100000
 35 lower_case_table_names =1
 36 auto_increment_offset=1          <<从1开始增长
 37 auto_increment_increment=2       <<每次增长为2，即为奇数
 38
 39 #symi replication
 40
 41 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
 42 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 # 1 second
 43 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1
 44
 45 #logs
 46 log-output=file
 47 slow_query_log = 1
 48 slow_query_log_file = slow.log
 49 log-error = error.log
 50 log_warnings = 2
 51 pid-file = mysql.pid
 52 long_query_time = 1
 53 #log-slow-admin-statements = 1
 54 #log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
 55 log-slow-slave-statements = 1
 56
 57 #binlog
 58 #binlog_format = STATEMENT
 59 binlog_format = row
 60 server-id = 1003306
61 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin
 62 binlog_cache_size = 4M
 63 max_binlog_size = 256M
 64 max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
 65 sync_binlog = 0
 66 expire_logs_days = 10
 67 #procedure
 68 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
 69
 70 #
 71 gtid-mode = on
 72 enforce-gtid-consistency=1
 73
 74
 75 #relay log
 76 skip_slave_start = 1
 77 max_relay_log_size = 128M
 78 relay_log_purge = 1
 79 relay_log_recovery = 1
 80 relay-log=relay-bin
 81 relay-log-index=relay-bin.index
 82 log_slave_updates
 83 #slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
 84 #skip-grant-tables
 85
 86 #buffers & cache
 87 table_open_cache = 2048
 88 table_definition_cache = 2048
 89 tabl90 max_heap_table_size = 96M
 91 sort_buffer_size = 128K
 92 join_buffer_size = 128K
 93 thread_cache_size = 200
 94 query_cache_size = 0
 95 query_cache_type = 0
 96 query_cache_limit = 256K
 97 query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
 98 thread_stack = 192K
 99 tmp_table_size = 96M
100 key_buffer_size = 8M
101 read_buffer_size = 2M
102 read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
103 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
104
105 #myisam
106 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
107 myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
108 myisam_repair_threads = 1
109
110 #innodb
111 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
112 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
113 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
114 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
115 innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
116 innodb_log_file_size = 100M
117 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
118 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
119 innodb_file_per_table = 1e_open_cache = 2048
120 innodb_rollback_on_timeout
121 innodb_status_file = 1
122 innodb_io_capacity = 100
123 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
124 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

2.启动mysql并创建复制用的用户

[[email protected] ~]# mysqld &              <<启动mysql
[4] 2896
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p       <<登录mysql
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected]‘%‘ identified by ‘xx‘;  <<创建复制用的用户

3.检查主2的二进制日志文件位置，在主2服务器上面执行下面的命令获取到当前二进制日志记录位置

MySQL [ken]> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
             File: mysql-bin.000004
         Position: 1558
     Binlog_Do_DB:
 Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 987ac782-d7b8-11e8-a462-000c292218ec:1-5,
c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:1-3
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4.连接到主2服务器上面

change master to master_host=‘10.220.5.138‘,master_user=‘ken‘,master_password=‘xx‘,master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000004‘,master_log_pos=1558;

5.启动slave

mysql> start slave;

6.检查连接状态

mysql> show slave status\G
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    8
Current database: *** NONE ***

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 10.220.5.138
                  Master_User: ken
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1558
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000004
                Relay_Log_Pos: 602
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes    <<IO线程启动成功
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes    <<SQL线程启动成功
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1558
              Relay_Log_Space: 803
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 1003307
                  Master_UUID: c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b
             Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 987ac782-d7b8-11e8-a462-000c292218ec:1-5,
c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                 Channel_Name:
           Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

主1节点配置完毕，并且启动成功，下面来配置主2服务器。

1.修改主2配置文件

1 #my.cnf
  2 [client]
  3 port            = 3306
  4 socket          = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
  5
  6 [mysql]
  7 #prompt="\\[email protected]\\h:\\p [\\d]>"
  8 #pager="less -i -n -S"
  9 #tee=/opt/mysql/query.log
 10 no-auto-rehash
 11
 12 [mysqld]
 13 #misc
 14 user = mysql
 15 basedir = /usr/local/mysql
 16 datadir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/data
 17 port = 3306
 18 socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
 19 event_scheduler = 0
 20 #skip-grant
 21
 22 tmpdir = /data/mysql/mysql3306/tmp
 23 #timeout
 24 interactive_timeout = 300
 25 wait_timeout = 300
 26 #auto_increment_offset = 2
 27 #auto_increment_increment = 2
 28
 29 #character set
 30 character-set-server = utf8
 32 open_files_limit = 65535
 33 max_connections = 100
 34 max_connect_errors = 100000
 35 lower_case_table_names =1
 36 auto_increment_offset=2         <<从2开始增长
 37 auto_increment_increment=2       <<每次增长为2，即为偶数
 38
 39 #symi replication
 40
 41 #rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled=1
 42 #rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout=1000 # 1 second
 43 #rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled=1
 44
 45 #logs
 46 log-output=file
 47 slow_query_log = 1
 48 slow_query_log_file = slow.log
 49 log-error = error.log
 50 log_warnings = 2
 51 pid-file = mysql.pid
 52 long_query_time = 1
 53 #log-slow-admin-statements = 1
 54 #log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1
 55 log-slow-slave-statements = 1
 56
 57 #binlog
 58 #binlog_format = STATEMENT
 59 binlog_format = row
 60 server-id = 1003307   <<两个服务器的server_id必须不一致
61 log-bin = /data/mysql/mysql3306/logs/mysql-bin
 62 binlog_cache_size = 4M
 63 max_binlog_size = 256M
 64 max_binlog_cache_size = 1M
 65 sync_binlog = 0
 66 expire_logs_days = 10
 67 #procedure
 68 log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
 69
 70 #
 71 gtid-mode = on
 72 enforce-gtid-consistency=1
 73
 74
 75 #relay log
 76 skip_slave_start = 1
 77 max_relay_log_size = 128M
 78 relay_log_purge = 1
 79 relay_log_recovery = 1
 80 relay-log=relay-bin
 81 relay-log-index=relay-bin.index
 82 log_slave_updates
 83 #slave-skip-errors=1032,1053,1062
 84 #skip-grant-tables
 85
 86 #buffers & cache
 87 table_open_cache = 2048
 88 table_definition_cache = 2048
 89 tabl90 max_heap_table_size = 96M
 91 sort_buffer_size = 128K
 92 join_buffer_size = 128K
 93 thread_cache_size = 200
 94 query_cache_size = 0
 95 query_cache_type = 0
 96 query_cache_limit = 256K
 97 query_cache_min_res_unit = 512
 98 thread_stack = 192K
 99 tmp_table_size = 96M
100 key_buffer_size = 8M
101 read_buffer_size = 2M
102 read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
103 bulk_insert_buffer_size = 32M
104
105 #myisam
106 myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
107 myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
108 myisam_repair_threads = 1
109
110 #innodb
111 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 100M
112 innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 1
113 innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:100M:autoextend
114 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
115 innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
116 innodb_log_file_size = 100M
117 innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
118 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 50
119 innodb_file_per_table = 1e_open_cache = 2048
120 innodb_rollback_on_timeout
121 innodb_status_file = 1
122 innodb_io_capacity = 100
123 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
124 innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT

2.启动mysql并创建复制用的用户

[[email protected] ~]# mysqld &              <<启动mysql
[4] 2896
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -p       <<登录mysql
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected]‘%‘ identified by ‘xx‘;  <<创建复制用的用户

3.检查主1的二进制日志文件位置，在主1服务器上面执行下面的命令获取到当前二进制日志记录位置

mysql> show master status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-bin.000009
Position: 1526
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set: 987ac782-d7b8-11e8-a462-000c292218ec:1-5,
c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

4.连接到主2服务器上面

change master to master_host=‘10.220.5.137‘,master_user=‘ken‘,master_password=‘xx‘,master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000009‘,master_log_pos=1526;

5.启动slave

mysql> start slave;

6.检查连接状态

mysql> show slave status\G
ERROR 2006 (HY000): MySQL server has gone away
No connection. Trying to reconnect...
Connection id:    8
Current database: *** NONE ***

*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 10.220.5.137
                  Master_User: ken
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 1558
               Relay_Log_File: relay-bin.000009
                Relay_Log_Pos: 602
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000009
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes    <<IO线程启动成功
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes    <<SQL线程启动成功
              Replicate_Do_DB:
          Replicate_Ignore_DB:
           Replicate_Do_Table:
       Replicate_Ignore_Table:
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error:
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 1558
              Relay_Log_Space: 803
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File:
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File:
           Master_SSL_CA_Path:
              Master_SSL_Cert:
            Master_SSL_Cipher:
               Master_SSL_Key:
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error:
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error:
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
             Master_Server_Id: 1003307
                  Master_UUID: c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b
             Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/mysql3306/data/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind:
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
               Master_SSL_Crl:
           Master_SSL_Crlpath:
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 987ac782-d7b8-11e8-a462-000c292218ec:1-5,
c01b1811-d7b3-11e8-8698-000c29492f7b:3
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
                 Channel_Name:
           Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

现在两个主服务器都已经搭建完，现在来进行测试

1.首先在主1服务器上面建表建库并插入数据

mysql> create database ken;        <<创建数据库
mysql> use ken;                    <<切换数据库
mysql> create table tb2(id int primary key auto_increment,name char(30)); <<创建表
mysql> insert into tb2 (name) values(‘kk‘),(‘kkl‘),(‘dad‘);   <<插入数据
mysql> select * from tb2;     <<检查数据，为奇数排列
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | kk   |
|  3 | kkl  |
|  5 | dad  |

2.登录主2服务器并检查是否已经有主1上面建的表库

MySQL [ken]> select * from tb2;   <<同步成功
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | kk   |
|  3 | kkl  |
|  5 | dad  |

3.在主2服务器上面插入数据，检查数据是否会冲突以及同步到主1

MySQL [ken]> insert into tb2 (name) values(‘lll‘),(‘lll‘),(‘lll‘);
MySQL [ken]> select * from tb2;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | kk   |
|  3 | kkl  |
|  5 | dad  |
|  6 | lll  |             <<偶数排序
|  8 | lll  |
| 10 | lll  |
+----+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4.检查主1服务器是否已经同步过来

mysql> select * from tb2;
+----+------+
| id | name |
+----+------+
|  1 | kk   |
|  3 | kkl  |
|  5 | dad  |
|  6 | lll  |
|  8 | lll  |
| 10 | lll  |
+----+------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

同步成功！这样就实现了mysql双主的架构.

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/kenken2018/p/9845876.html

时间： 2024-11-08 05:30:34

MySQL系列详解七：MySQL实现双主架构演示-技术流ken

前言

MySQL双主（主主）架构方案思路是

演示：MySQL双主架构实现

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