MS SQL生成数据库字典脚本

　　开发一个项目时都会有一个蛋疼的问题——写数据库需求文档，然后根据这个文档来建数据库，如果后来需求改了，要改数据库还要改文档，有时忙着忙着就忘改了，导致文档是过期的。那么我们自己写个脚本在数据库运行直接生产数据字典，这样只要改数据库就行了。目前在网上搜了下，发现sqlServer只有2005的生成工具，没有08的，存储过程倒是有，不过下载运行一遍到处是坑，写的也太差了，于是对脚本进行改进。

-- =============================================
-- Author:        <marlon>
-- Create date: <2017-11-13>
-- Description:    <生成数据库字典>
-- =============================================

BEGIN
    DECLARE @TableName nvarchar(35),@htmls varchar(8000)
    DECLARE @字段名称 VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @类型  VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @长度 VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @数值精度 VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @小数位数 VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @默认值 VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @允许为空 VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @外键 VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @主键 VARCHAR(200)
    DECLARE @描述 VARCHAR(200)

    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    DECLARE Tbls CURSOR
    FOR
        Select distinct Table_name
        FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
        order by Table_name
    OPEN Tbls
        PRINT ‘<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">‘
        PRINT ‘<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">‘
        PRINT ‘    <head>‘
        PRINT ‘        <title>SqlServer数据字典</title>‘
        PRINT ‘        <style type="text/css">‘
        PRINT ‘            body{margin:0; font:11pt "arial", "微软雅黑"; cursor:default;}‘
        PRINT ‘            .titleHead{margin:0 auto;text-align:center;}‘
        PRINT ‘            .tableBox{margin:10px auto; padding:0px; width:1000px; height:auto; background:#FBF5E3; border:1px solid #45360A}‘
        PRINT ‘            .tableBox h3 {font-size:12pt; height:30px; line-height:30px; background:#45360A; padding:0px 0px 0px 15px; color:#FFF; margin:0px; text-align:left }‘
        PRINT ‘            .tableBox table {width:1000px; padding:0px }‘
        PRINT ‘            .tableBox th {height:25px; border-top:1px solid #FFF; border-left:1px solid #FFF; background:#F7EBC8; border-right:1px solid #E0C889; border-bottom:1px solid #E0C889 }‘
        PRINT ‘            .tableBox td {height:25px; padding-left:10px; border-top:1px solid #FFF; border-left:1px solid #FFF; border-right:1px solid #E0C889; border-bottom:1px solid #E0C889 }‘
        PRINT ‘            .tableBox td {text-align:center}‘
        PRINT ‘        </style>‘
        PRINT ‘    </head>‘
        PRINT ‘    <body>‘
        PRINT ‘       <div class="titleHead">‘
        PRINT ‘          <h1>‘+DB_NAME()+‘数据字典</h1>‘
        PRINT ‘       </div>‘
    FETCH NEXT FROM Tbls INTO @TableName
    WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
    BEGIN
		set @htmls = ‘‘
        Select  @htmls = ‘        <h3>‘ + @TableName + ‘ : ‘+ CAST(Value as varchar(1000)) + ‘</h3>‘
        FROM sys.extended_properties AS A
        WHERE A.major_id = OBJECT_ID(@TableName)
        and minor_id = 0

        if @htmls is null or DATALENGTH (@htmls)=0
            begin
            set @htmls = ‘        <h3>‘ + @TableName + ‘</h3>‘
            end
        PRINT ‘        <div class="tableBox">‘
        PRINT @htmls
        PRINT ‘            <table cellspacing="0">‘
        PRINT ‘                <tr>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>字段名称</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>类型</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>长度</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>数值精度</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>小数位数</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>默认值</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>是否允许为空</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>是否外键</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>是否主键</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                    <th>描述</th>‘
        PRINT ‘                </tr>‘

        DECLARE TRows CURSOR
        FOR
            SELECT
            ‘                    <td>‘ + CAST(clmns.name AS VARCHAR(35)) + ‘</td>‘,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + CAST(udt.name AS CHAR(15)) + ‘</td>‘ ,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + CAST(CAST(CASE WHEN typ.name IN (N‘nchar‘, N‘nvarchar‘) AND clmns.max_length <> -1 THEN clmns.max_length/2 ELSE clmns.max_length END AS INT) AS VARCHAR(20)) + ‘</td>‘,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + CAST(CAST(clmns.precision AS INT) AS VARCHAR(20)) + ‘</td>‘,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + CAST(CAST(clmns.scale AS INT) AS VARCHAR(20)) + ‘</td>‘,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + isnull(CAST(cnstr.definition AS VARCHAR(20)),‘‘) + ‘</td>‘,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + (case when clmns.is_nullable > 0 then ‘是‘ else ‘否‘ end) + ‘</td>‘ ,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + (case when clmns.is_computed > 0 then ‘是‘ else ‘否‘ end) + ‘</td>‘ ,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + (case when clmns.is_identity > 0 then ‘是‘ else ‘否‘ end) + ‘</td>‘ ,
            ‘                    <td>‘ + ISNULL(CAST(exprop.value AS VARCHAR(500)),‘‘) + ‘</td>‘
            FROM sys.tables AS tbl
            INNER JOIN sys.all_columns AS clmns ON clmns.object_id=tbl.object_id
            LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.indexes AS idx ON idx.object_id = clmns.object_id AND 1 =idx.is_primary_key
            LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.index_columns AS idxcol ON idxcol.index_id = idx.index_id AND idxcol.column_id = clmns.column_id AND idxcol.object_id = clmns.object_id AND 0 = idxcol.is_included_column
            LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types AS udt ON udt.user_type_id = clmns.user_type_id
            LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.types AS typ ON typ.user_type_id = clmns.system_type_id AND typ.user_type_id = typ.system_type_id
            LEFT JOIN sys.default_constraints AS cnstr ON cnstr.object_id=clmns.default_object_id
            LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.extended_properties exprop ON exprop.major_id = clmns.object_id AND exprop.minor_id = clmns.column_id AND exprop.name = ‘MS_Description‘
            WHERE (tbl.name = @TableName)
            ORDER BY clmns.column_id ASC
        OPEN TRows
        FETCH NEXT FROM TRows INTO @字段名称,@类型,@长度,@数值精度,@小数位数,@默认值,@允许为空,@外键,@主键,@描述
        WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
        BEGIN
            PRINT ‘                <tr>‘
            PRINT @字段名称
            PRINT @类型
            PRINT @长度
            PRINT @数值精度
            PRINT @小数位数
            PRINT @默认值
            PRINT @允许为空
            PRINT @外键
            PRINT @主键
            PRINT @描述
            PRINT ‘                </tr>‘
            FETCH NEXT FROM TRows INTO @字段名称,@类型,@长度,@数值精度,@小数位数,@默认值,@允许为空,@外键,@主键,@描述
        END
        CLOSE TRows
        DEALLOCATE TRows

        PRINT ‘            </table>‘
        PRINT ‘        </div>‘
    FETCH NEXT FROM Tbls INTO @TableName
    END
        PRINT ‘    </body>‘
        PRINT ‘</html>‘
    CLOSE Tbls
    DEALLOCATE Tbls
END

　　注意事项：

　　1、以上脚本直接在SQL SERVER运行，以文本格式显示，设置如下：