在做游戏开发时,经常需要在应用层实现自己的心跳机制,即定时发送一个自定义的结构体(心跳包),让对方知道自己还活着,以确保连接的有效性。
在TCP socket心跳机制中,心跳包可以由服务器发送给客户端,也可以由客户端发送给服务器,不过比较起来,前者开销可能更大。—— 这里实现的是由客户端给服务器发送心跳包,基本思路是:
1) 服务器为每个客户端保存了IP和计数器count,即map<fd, pair<ip, count>>
。服务端主线程采用 select 实现多路IO复用,监听新连接以及接受数据包(心跳包),子线程用于检测心跳:
- 如果主线程接收到的是心跳包,将该客户端对应的计数器 count 清零;
- 在子线程中,每隔3秒遍历一次所有客户端的计数器 count:
- 若 count 小于 5,将 count 计数器加 1;
- 若 count 等于 5,说明已经15秒未收到该用户心跳包,判定该用户已经掉线;
2) 客户端则只是开辟子线程,定时给服务器发送心跳包(本示例中定时时间为3秒)。
下面是Linux下一个socket心跳包的简单实现:
1、客户端
/************************************************************************* > File Name: Client.cpp > Author: SongLee > E-mail: [email protected] > Created Time: 2016年05月05日 星期四 23时41分56秒 > Personal Blog: http://songlee24.github.io/ ************************************************************************/ #include<netinet/in.h> // sockaddr_in #include<sys/types.h> // socket #include<sys/socket.h> // socket #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<sys/ioctl.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<iostream> #include<string> #include<cstdlib> #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> using namespace std; #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 enum Type {HEART, OTHER}; struct PACKET_HEAD { Type type; int length; }; void* send_heart(void* arg); class Client { private: struct sockaddr_in server_addr; socklen_t server_addr_len; int fd; public: Client(string ip, int port); ~Client(); void Connect(); void Run(); friend void* send_heart(void* arg); }; Client::Client(string ip, int port) { bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; if(inet_pton(AF_INET, ip.c_str(), &server_addr.sin_addr) == 0) { cout << "Server IP Address Error!"; exit(1); } server_addr.sin_port = htons(port); server_addr_len = sizeof(server_addr); // create socket fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if(fd < 0) { cout << "Create Socket Failed!"; exit(1); } } Client::~Client() { close(fd); } void Client::Connect() { cout << "Connecting......" << endl; if(connect(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, server_addr_len) < 0) { cout << "Can not Connect to Server IP!"; exit(1); } cout << "Connect to Server successfully." << endl; } void Client::Run() { pthread_t id; int ret = pthread_create(&id, NULL, send_heart, (void*)this); if(ret != 0) { cout << "Can not create thread!"; exit(1); } } // thread function void* send_heart(void* arg) { cout << "The heartbeat sending thread started.\n"; Client* c = (Client*)arg; int count = 0; // 测试 while(1) { PACKET_HEAD head; head.type = HEART; head.length = 0; send(c->fd, &head, sizeof(head), 0); sleep(3); // 定时3秒 ++count; // 测试:发送15次心跳包就停止发送 if(count > 15) break; } } int main() { Client client("127.0.0.1", 15000); client.Connect(); client.Run(); while(1) { string msg; getline(cin, msg); if(msg == "exit") break; cout << "msg\n"; } return 0; }
2、服务端
/************************************************************************* > File Name: Server.cpp > Author: SongLee > E-mail: [email protected] > Created Time: 2016年05月05日 星期四 22时50分23秒 > Personal Blog: http://songlee24.github.io/ ************************************************************************/ #include<netinet/in.h> // sockaddr_in #include<sys/types.h> // socket #include<sys/socket.h> // socket #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<unistd.h> #include<sys/select.h> // select #include<sys/ioctl.h> #include<sys/time.h> #include<iostream> #include<vector> #include<map> #include<string> #include<cstdlib> #include<cstdio> #include<cstring> using namespace std; #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 enum Type {HEART, OTHER}; struct PACKET_HEAD { Type type; int length; }; void* heart_handler(void* arg); class Server { private: struct sockaddr_in server_addr; socklen_t server_addr_len; int listen_fd; // 监听的fd int max_fd; // 最大的fd fd_set master_set; // 所有fd集合,包括监听fd和客户端fd fd_set working_set; // 工作集合 struct timeval timeout; map<int, pair<string, int> > mmap; // 记录连接的客户端fd--><ip, count> public: Server(int port); ~Server(); void Bind(); void Listen(int queue_len = 20); void Accept(); void Run(); void Recv(int nums); friend void* heart_handler(void* arg); }; Server::Server(int port) { bzero(&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)); server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY); server_addr.sin_port = htons(port); // create socket to listen listen_fd = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if(listen_fd < 0) { cout << "Create Socket Failed!"; exit(1); } int opt = 1; setsockopt(listen_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt)); } Server::~Server() { for(int fd=0; fd<=max_fd; ++fd) { if(FD_ISSET(fd, &master_set)) { close(fd); } } } void Server::Bind() { if(-1 == (bind(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr)))) { cout << "Server Bind Failed!"; exit(1); } cout << "Bind Successfully.\n"; } void Server::Listen(int queue_len) { if(-1 == listen(listen_fd, queue_len)) { cout << "Server Listen Failed!"; exit(1); } cout << "Listen Successfully.\n"; } void Server::Accept() { struct sockaddr_in client_addr; socklen_t client_addr_len = sizeof(client_addr); int new_fd = accept(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_addr_len); if(new_fd < 0) { cout << "Server Accept Failed!"; exit(1); } string ip(inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr)); // 获取客户端IP cout << ip << " new connection was accepted.\n"; mmap.insert(make_pair(new_fd, make_pair(ip, 0))); // 将新建立的连接的fd加入master_set FD_SET(new_fd, &master_set); if(new_fd > max_fd) { max_fd = new_fd; } } void Server::Recv(int nums) { for(int fd=0; fd<=max_fd; ++fd) { if(FD_ISSET(fd, &working_set)) { bool close_conn = false; // 标记当前连接是否断开了 PACKET_HEAD head; recv(fd, &head, sizeof(head), 0); // 先接受包头 if(head.type == HEART) { mmap[fd].second = 0; // 每次收到心跳包,count置0 cout << "Received heart-beat from client.\n"; } else { // 数据包,通过head.length确认数据包长度 } if(close_conn) // 当前这个连接有问题,关闭它 { close(fd); FD_CLR(fd, &master_set); if(fd == max_fd) // 需要更新max_fd; { while(FD_ISSET(max_fd, &master_set) == false) --max_fd; } } } } } void Server::Run() { pthread_t id; // 创建心跳检测线程 int ret = pthread_create(&id, NULL, heart_handler, (void*)this); if(ret != 0) { cout << "Can not create heart-beat checking thread.\n"; } max_fd = listen_fd; // 初始化max_fd FD_ZERO(&master_set); FD_SET(listen_fd, &master_set); // 添加监听fd while(1) { FD_ZERO(&working_set); memcpy(&working_set, &master_set, sizeof(master_set)); timeout.tv_sec = 30; timeout.tv_usec = 0; int nums = select(max_fd+1, &working_set, NULL, NULL, &timeout); if(nums < 0) { cout << "select() error!"; exit(1); } if(nums == 0) { //cout << "select() is timeout!"; continue; } if(FD_ISSET(listen_fd, &working_set)) Accept(); // 有新的客户端请求 else Recv(nums); // 接收客户端的消息 } } // thread function void* heart_handler(void* arg) { cout << "The heartbeat checking thread started.\n"; Server* s = (Server*)arg; while(1) { map<int, pair<string, int> >::iterator it = s->mmap.begin(); for( ; it!=s->mmap.end(); ) { if(it->second.second == 5) // 3s*5没有收到心跳包,判定客户端掉线 { cout << "The client " << it->second.first << " has be offline.\n"; int fd = it->first; close(fd); // 关闭该连接 FD_CLR(fd, &s->master_set); if(fd == s->max_fd) // 需要更新max_fd; { while(FD_ISSET(s->max_fd, &s->master_set) == false) s->max_fd--; } s->mmap.erase(it++); // 从map中移除该记录 } else if(it->second.second < 5 && it->second.second >= 0) { it->second.second += 1; ++it; } else { ++it; } } sleep(3); // 定时三秒 } } int main() { Server server(15000); server.Bind(); server.Listen(); server.Run(); return 0; }
可以看出,客户端启动以后发送了15次心跳包,然后停止发送心跳包。在经过一段时间后(3s*5),服务器就判断该客户端掉线,并断开了连接。
建议:涉及更复杂的数据结构传输时,考虑用protobuf等数据序列化和反序列化操作进行数据传输和解析。
时间: 2024-11-05 06:07:10