实验环境：
OS : CentOS 6.6
corosync： corosync-1.4.7-1.el6.x86_64
pacemaker：pacemaker-1.1.12-4.el6.x86_64
crmsh：crmsh-2.1-1.6.x86_64.rpm
pssh： pssh-2.3.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
node1:
hostname: node2.1inux.com
IP :172.16.66.81
node2:
hostname: node2.1inux.com
IP : 172.16.66.82
一、前期环境配置
为了配置一台Linux主机成为HA的节点，通常需要做出如下的准备工作：
1）所有节点的主机名称和对应的IP地址解析服务可以正常工作，且每个节点的主机名称需要跟"uname -n“命令的结果保持一致；因此，需要保证两个节点上的/etc/hosts文件均为下面的内容：
172.16.66.81 node1.1inux.com node1 172.16.66.82 node2.1inux.com node2
为了使得重新启动系统后仍能保持如上的主机名称，还分别需要在各节点执行类似如下的命令：
Node1: # sed -i ‘[email protected]\(HOSTNAME=\).*@\[email protected]‘ /etc/sysconfig/network # hostname node1.1inux.com Node2： # sed -i ‘[email protected]\(HOSTNAME=\).*@\[email protected]‘ /etc/sysconfig/network # hostname node2.1inux.com
2、设定 node1 、node2基于ssh秘钥的认证的配置
Node1： [[email protected] ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -P ‘‘ [[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected] Node2： [[email protected] ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa -f /root/.ssh/id_rsa -P ‘‘ [[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub [email protected]
3、时间同步配置
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]# ntpdate 172.16.0.1 ; ssh node2 ‘ntpdate 172.16.0.1‘ 30 May 16:20:20 ntpdate[2351]: adjust time server 172.16.0.1 offset 0.195961 sec 30 May 16:20:21 ntpdate[1994]: step time server 172.16.0.1 offset 1.033553 sec [[email protected] yum.repos.d]#
验证时间同步：
[[email protected] ~]# date; ssh node1 "date" Sat May 30 16:51:13 CST 2015 Sat May 30 16:51:13 CST 2015 [[email protected] ~]#
二、安装配置 corosync 、pacemaker
1、安装corosync pacemaker
在node1 上面安装： [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install corosync pacemaker 在node2上安装 [[email protected] ~]# yum -y install corosync pacemaker
=========================== 查看安装生成的文件 [[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql corosync /etc/corosync /etc/corosync/corosync.conf.example //样例配置文件 /etc/corosync/corosync.conf.example.udpu // /etc/corosync/service.d //服务脚本 /etc/corosync/uidgid.d /etc/dbus-1/system.d/corosync-signals.conf /etc/rc.d/init.d/corosync //服务文件 /etc/rc.d/init.d/corosync-notifyd /etc/sysconfig/corosync-notifyd /usr/bin/corosync-blackbox /usr/libexec/lcrso ... /usr/sbin/corosync /usr/sbin/corosync-cfgtool /usr/sbin/corosync-cpgtool /usr/sbin/corosync-fplay /usr/sbin/corosync-keygen /usr/sbin/corosync-notifyd /usr/sbin/corosync-objctl /usr/sbin/corosync-pload /usr/sbin/corosync-quorumtool .... /var/lib/corosync /var/log/cluster ... ===========================
2、配置corosync ，以下操作在在node2 上操作
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/corosync/ [[email protected] corosync]# cp corosync.conf.example corosync.conf [[email protected] corosync]# vim corosync.conf
# Please read the corosync.conf.5 manual page
compatibility: whitetank
totem {
version: 2
# secauth: Enable mutual node authentication. If you choose to
# enable this ("on"), then do remember to create a shared
# secret with "corosync-keygen".
secauth: on //开启安全认证
threads: 0 //线程数 0 表示不基于线程模式工作而是进程
# interface: define at least one interface to communicate
# over. If you define more than one interface stanza, you must
# also set rrp_mode.
interface {
# Rings must be consecutively numbered, starting at 0.
ringnumber: 0 //环数目 一般保持为0
# This is normally the *network* address of the
# interface to bind to. This ensures that you can use
# identical instances of this configuration file
# across all your cluster nodes, without having to
# modify this option.
bindnetaddr: 172.16.0.0 //网络地址 更改为主机所在网络的网络地址
# However, if you have multiple physical network
# interfaces configured for the same subnet, then the
# network address alone is not sufficient to identify
# the interface Corosync should bind to. In that case,
# configure the *host* address of the interface
# instead:
# bindnetaddr: 192.168.1.1
# When selecting a multicast address, consider RFC
# 2365 (which, among other things, specifies that
# 239.255.x.x addresses are left to the discretion of
# the network administrator). Do not reuse multicast
# addresses across multiple Corosync clusters sharing
# the same network.
mcastaddr: 239.235.88.8 //多播地址
# Corosync uses the port you specify here for UDP
# messaging, and also the immediately preceding
# port. Thus if you set this to 5405, Corosync sends
# messages over UDP ports 5405 and 5404.
mcastport: 5405 //多播地址监听端口
# Time-to-live for cluster communication packets. The
# number of hops (routers) that this ring will allow
# itself to pass. Note that multicast routing must be
# specifically enabled on most network routers.
ttl: 1
}
}
logging {
# Log the source file and line where messages are being
# generated. When in doubt, leave off. Potentially useful for
# debugging.
fileline: off
# Log to standard error. When in doubt, set to no. Useful when
# running in the foreground (when invoking "corosync -f")
to_stderr: no
# Log to a log file. When set to "no", the "logfile" option
# must not be set.
to_logfile: yes //是否记录日志
logfile: /var/log/cluster/corosync.log //日志文件保存位置
# Log to the system log daemon. When in doubt, set to yes.
to_syslog: no //是否记录系统日志 一般只记录一份 设置为NO
# Log debug messages (very verbose). When in doubt, leave off.
debug: off
# Log messages with time stamps. When in doubt, set to on
# (unless you are only logging to syslog, where double
# timestamps can be annoying).
timestamp: on //是否开启时间戳功能
logger_subsys {
subsys: AMF
debug: off
}
}
//添加如下行 使pacemaker 以corosync插件方式运行
service {
ver: 0
name: pacemaker
use_mgmtd: yes
}
aisexec {
user: root
group: root
}
=======================================
生成corosync的密钥文件
查看 # corosync-keygen使用方法：
corosync-keygen是从/dev/random中读取随机数，如果此熵池中随机数过少，可能导致无法生成密钥，但可以通过下载软件或其他方案来产生大量I/O从而增加熵池中的随机数，编译生成密钥
[[email protected] ~]# corosync-keygen ..... Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 896). Press keys on your keyboard to generate entropy (bits = 960). Writing corosync key to /etc/corosync/authkey. //生成的密钥文件保存的位置
3、查看网卡是否开启了组播MULTICAST功能如果没有开启，要手动开启
[[email protected] corosync]# ip link show 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:3d:a9:a1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [[email protected] corosync]#
4、将corosync.conf 和authkey复制到node1中
[[email protected] corosync]# scp authkey corosync.conf node1:/etc/corosync/ authkey 100% 128 0.1KB/s 00:00 corosync.conf 100% 2773 2.7KB/s 00:00 [[email protected] corosync]#
三、安装crmsh
RHEL自6.4起不再提供集群的命令行配置工具crmsh，转而使用pcs；所以如果想使用crmsh可以自行安装：
分别在node1和node2 上安装crmsh和pssh
[[email protected] ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg crmsh-2.1-1.6.x86_64.rpm install.log install.log.syslog pssh-2.3.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm [[email protected] ~]# yum --nogpgcheck localinstall crmsh-2.1-1.6.x86_64.rpm pssh-2.3.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
将此两个安装文件复制到node1上进行安装
[[email protected] ~]# scp crmsh-2.1-1.6.x86_64.rpm pssh-2.3.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm node1:/root/ [[email protected] ~]# yum --nogpgcheck localinstall crmsh-2.1-1.6.x86_64.rpm pssh-2.3.1-2.el6.x86_64.rpm
查看安装crmsh生成的文件
---------------------- [[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql crmsh /etc/bash_completion.d/crm.sh /etc/crm /etc/crm/crm.conf .... /usr/sbin/crm /usr/share/crmsh ... /var/cache/crm ---------------------------
查看pssh生成的文件
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ql pssh /usr/bin/pnuke /usr/bin/prsync /usr/bin/pscp.pssh /usr/bin/pslurp /usr/bin/pssh ..... ..... /usr/libexec/pssh /usr/libexec/pssh/pssh-askpass ..... [[email protected] ~]#
四、验证：
1、启动 corosync
[[email protected] ~]# service corosync start Starting Corosync Cluster Engine (corosync): [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]#
2、验证端口：
[[email protected] log]# ss -tunl | grep :5405 udp UNCONN 0 0 172.16.66.82:5405 *:* udp UNCONN 0 0 239.235.1.8:5405 *:* [[email protected] log]#
3、查看corosync引擎是否正常启动：
# grep -e "Corosync Cluster Engine" -e "configuration file" /var/log/cluster/corosync.log
如图 3
4、查看初始化成员节点通知是否正常发出：
如图4
5、检查启动过程中是否有错误产生。下面的错误信息表示packmaker不久之后将不再作为corosync的插件运行，因此，建议使用cman作为集群基础架构服务；此处可安全忽略。
图5
6、查看pacemaker是否正常启动，图6
如果上面命令执行均没有问题，接着可以执行如下命令启动node2上的corosync
[[email protected] ~]# ssh node2 -- /etc/init.d/corosync start
注意：启动node2需要在node1上使用如上命令进行，不要在node2节点上直接启动。
使用crmsh命令查看集群节点的启动状态
图7
五、配置集群的工作属性
1、corosync默认启用了stonith，而当前集群并没有相应的stonith设备，因此此默认配置目前尚不可用，这可以通过如下命令验正：
禁用后查看
# crm configure property stonith-enabled=false
图9
2、使用crmsh命令查看当前的配置信息
图10
[[email protected] ~]# crm configure show
node node1.1inux.com
node node2.1inux.com
property cib-bootstrap-options: \
dc-version=1.1.11-97629de \
cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" \
expected-quorum-votes=2 \
stonith-enabled=false //stonith 已被禁用
[[email protected] ~]#
也可以进入crm命令模式关闭 图13
将no-quorum-policy 设置为ignore
crm(live)configure# property no-quorum-policy=ignore crm(live)configure# show node node1.1inux.com attributes standby=off node node2.1inux.com attributes standby=off property cib-bootstrap-options: dc-version=1.1.11-97629de cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" expected-quorum-votes=2 stonith-enabled=false \
no-quorum-policy=ignore
3、为集群添加集群资源
corosync支持heartbeat，LSB和ocf等类型的资源代理，目前较为常用的类型为LSB和OCF两类，stonith类专为配置stonith设备而用；
可以通过如下命令查看当前集群系统所支持的类型：
[[email protected] ~]# crm ra classes
如果想要查看某种类别下的所用资源代理的列表，可以使用类似如下命令实现：
# crm ra list lsb
# crm ra list ocf heartbeat
# crm ra list ocf pacemaker
# crm ra list stonith
# crm ra info [class:[provider:]]resource_agent
例如：
# crm ra info ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr
图12 
六、配置高可用的Web集群
1、为web集群创建一个IP地址资源，以在通过集群提供web服务时使用
crm(live)configure# primitive webip ocf:heartbeat:IPaddr params ip=172.16.66.100 nic=eth0 cidr_netmask=16 op monitor interval=10 timeout=20s crm(live)configure# verify crm(live)configure# commit crm(live)configure#
然后查看node1 ip 信息如图18 ，看以看到66.100 已经在node1上生效
进入crm 命令行 下线node1 操作
crm(live)node# standby
然后查看node节点状态信息
图15
图15 可以看到node1 已经下线 现在在线的是node2
查看node2 ＩＰ 图１９ 
OK IP配置完成，接下来我们配置httpd
2、高可用集群Web的配置
使用yum源分别在node1、node2 安装httpd
分别启动node1、node2上的httpd，并为其创建相应的主页
node1： [[email protected] ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# echo "<h1>node1.1inux.com</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html [[email protected] ~]# curl 172.16.66.81 <h1>node1.1inux.com</h1> [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig httpd off [[email protected] ~]# service httpd stop
node2： [[email protected] ~]# service httpd start Starting httpd: [ OK ] [[email protected] ~]# echo "<h1>node2.1inux.com</h1>" > /var/www/html/index.html [[email protected] ~]# curl 172.16.66.82 <h1>node2.1inux.com</h1> [[email protected] ~]# service httpd stop [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig httpd off
然后再node1 上配置如下
configure # primitive webserver lsb:httpd op monitor interval=10 timeout=20s crm(live)configure# verify crm(live)configure# commit crm(live)configure# group ip_web webip webserver //创建组 crm(live)configure# verify crm(live)configure# commit crm(live)configure# show node node1.1inux.com attributes standby=off node node2.1inux.com attributes standby=off primitive webip IPaddr params ip=172.16.66.100 nic=eth0 cidr_netmask=16 op monitor interval=10 timeout=20s primitive webserver lsb:httpd op monitor interval=10 timeout=20s group ip_web webip webserver property cib-bootstrap-options: dc-version=1.1.11-97629de cluster-infrastructure="classic openais (with plugin)" expected-quorum-votes=2 stonith-enabled=false no-quorum-policy=ignore
crm(live)configure# cd .. crm(live)# status Last updated: Sun May 31 00:27:05 2015 Last change: Sun May 31 00:24:37 2015 Stack: classic openais (with plugin) Current DC: node2.1inux.com - partition with quorum Version: 1.1.11-97629de 2 Nodes configured, 2 expected votes 2 Resources configured Online: [ node1.1inux.com node2.1inux.com ] Resource Group: ip_web webip (ocf::heartbeat:IPaddr): Started node1.1inux.com webserver (lsb:httpd): Started node1.1inux.com //就可以看到此时 webip webserver 都在node1上面了 crm(live)#
然后我们访问http://172.16.66.100，如图20 ，显示的是node1页面 
然后我们在node1上运行如下命令，然后再访问 http://172.16.66.100
[[email protected]1 ~]# service corosync stop
Signaling Corosync Cluster Engine (corosync) to terminate: [ OK ]
Waiting for corosync services to unload:. [ OK ]
[[email protected] ~]#
此时访问的页面已经变成了node2
OK 基于heartbeat，crmsh的高可用集群已经搭建完毕