ss命令用于显示socket状态. 他可以显示PACKET sockets, TCP sockets, UDP sockets, DCCP
sockets, RAW sockets, Unix domain sockets等等统计. 它比其他工具展示等多tcp和state信息.
它是一个非常实用、快速、有效的跟踪IP连接和sockets的新工具.SS命令可以提供如下信息:
- 所有的TCP sockets
- 所有的UDP sockets
- 所有ssh/ftp/ttp/https持久连接
- 所有连接到Xserver的本地进程
- 使用state(例如:connected, synchronized, SYN-RECV, SYN-SENT,TIME-WAIT)、地址、端口过滤
- 所有的state FIN-WAIT-1 tcpsocket连接以及更多
很多流行的Linux发行版都支持ss以及很多监控工具使用ss命令.熟悉这个工具有助于您更好的发现与解决系统性能问题.本人强烈建议使用ss命令替代netstat部分命令,例如netsat -ant/lnt等.
展示他之前来做个对比,统计服务器并发连接数
netstat
# time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l
3100
real 0m12.960s
user 0m0.334s
sys 0m12.561s
# time ss -o state established | wc -l
3204
real 0m0.030s
user 0m0.005s
sys 0m0.026s
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netstat # time netstat -ant | grep EST | wc -l 3100 real 0m12.960s user 0m0.334s sys 0m12.561s # time ss -o state established | wc -l 3204 real 0m0.030s user 0m0.005s sys 0m0.026s |
结果很明显ss统计并发连接数效率完败netstat,在ss能搞定的情况下, 你还会在选择netstat吗, 还在犹豫吗, 看以下例子,或者跳转到帮助页面.
常用ss命令:
ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口
ss -pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket
ss -t -a 显示所有tcp socket
ss -u -a 显示所有的UDP Socekt
ss -o state established ‘( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )‘ 显示所有已建立的SMTP连接
ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )‘ 显示所有已建立的HTTP连接
ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有连接X服务器的进程
ss -s 列出当前socket详细信息:
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ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口 ss -pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket ss -t -a 显示所有tcp socket ss -u -a 显示所有的UDP Socekt ss -o state established ‘( dport = :smtp or sport = :smtp )‘ 显示所有已建立的SMTP连接 ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )‘ 显示所有已建立的HTTP连接 ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* 找出所有连接X服务器的进程 ss -s 列出当前socket详细信息: |
显示sockets简要信息
列出当前已经连接,关闭,等待的tcp连接
# ss -s
Total: 3519 (kernel 3691)
TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452
Transport Total IP IPv6
* 3691 - -
RAW 2 2 0
UDP 10 7 3
TCP 3375 3368 7
INET 3387 3377 10
FRAG 0 0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 |
# ss -s Total: 3519 (kernel 3691) TCP: 26557 (estab 3163, closed 23182, orphaned 194, synrecv 0, timewait 23182/0), ports 1452 Transport Total IP IPv6 * 3691 - - RAW 2 2 0 UDP 10 7 3 TCP 3375 3368 7 INET 3387 3377 10 FRAG 0 0 0 |
列出当前监听端口
# ss -l
Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
0 10 :::5989 :::*
0 5 *:rsync *:*
0 128 :::sunrpc :::*
0 128 *:sunrpc *:*
0 511 *:http *:*
0 128 :::ssh :::*
0 128 *:ssh *:*
0 128 :::35766 :::*
0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*
0 128 ::1:ipp :::*
0 100 ::1:smtp :::*
0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:*
0 511 *:https *:*
0 100 :::1311 :::*
0 5 *:5666 *:*
0 128 *:3044 *:*
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 |
# ss -l Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port 0 10 :::5989 :::* 0 5 *:rsync *:* 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* 0 511 *:http *:* 0 128 :::ssh :::* 0 128 *:ssh *:* 0 128 :::35766 :::* 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* 0 511 *:https *:* 0 100 :::1311 :::* 0 5 *:5666 *:* 0 128 *:3044 *:* |
ss列出每个进程名及其监听的端口
# ss -pl
1 |
# ss -pl |
ss列所有的tcp sockets
# ss -t -a
1 |
# ss -t -a |
ss列出所有udp sockets
# ss -u -a
1 |
# ss -u -a |
ss列出所有http连接中的连接
# ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )‘
1 |
# ss -o state established ‘( dport = :http or sport = :http )‘ |
·以上包含对外提供的80,以及访问外部的80
·用以上命令完美的替代netstat获取http并发连接数,监控中常用到
ss列出本地哪个进程连接到x server
# ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/*
1 |
# ss -x src /tmp/.X11-unix/* |
ss列出处在FIN-WAIT-1状态的http、https连接
# ss -o state fin-wait-1 ‘( sport = :http or sport = :https )‘
1 |
# ss -o state fin-wait-1 ‘( sport = :http or sport = :https )‘ |
ss常用的state状态:
established
syn-sent
syn-recv
fin-wait-1
fin-wait-2
time-wait
closed
close-wait
last-ack
listen
closing
all : All of the above states
connected : All the states except for listen and closed
synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent
bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv.
big : Opposite to bucket state.
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established syn-sent syn-recv fin-wait-1 fin-wait-2 time-wait closed close-wait last-ack listen closing all : All of the above states connected : All the states except for listen and closed synchronized : All the connected states except for syn-sent bucket : Show states, which are maintained as minisockets, i.e. time-wait and syn-recv. big : Opposite to bucket state. |
ss使用IP地址筛选
ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN
src:表示来源
ADDRESS_PATTERN:表示地址规则
如下:
ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接
# 列出来至120.33.31.1,80端口的连接
ss src 120.33.31.1:http
ss src 120.33.31.1:80
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ss src ADDRESS_PATTERN src:表示来源 ADDRESS_PATTERN:表示地址规则 如下: ss src 120.33.31.1 # 列出来之20.33.31.1的连接 # 列出来至120.33.31.1,80端口的连接 ss src 120.33.31.1:http ss src 120.33.31.1:80 |
ss使用端口筛选
ss dport OP PORT
OP:是运算符
PORT:表示端口
dport:表示过滤目标端口、相反的有sport
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ss dport OP PORT OP:是运算符 PORT:表示端口 dport:表示过滤目标端口、相反的有sport |
OP运算符如下:
<= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于
== or eq : 等于
!= or ne : 不等于端口
< or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口
1 2 3 4 |
<= or le : 小于等于 >= or ge : 大于等于 == or eq : 等于 != or ne : 不等于端口 < or lt : 小于这个端口 > or gt : 大于端口 |
OP实例
ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80
ss dport = :http
ss dport \> :1024
ss sport \> :1024
ss sport \< :32000
ss sport eq :22
ss dport != :22
ss state connected sport = :http
ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \)
ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 |
ss sport = :http 也可以是 ss sport = :80 ss dport = :http ss dport \> :1024 ss sport \> :1024 ss sport \< :32000 ss sport eq :22 ss dport != :22 ss state connected sport = :http ss \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) ss -o state fin-wait-1 \( sport = :http or sport = :https \) dst 192.168.1/24 |
为什么ss比netstat快:
netstat是遍历/proc下面每个PID目录,ss直接读/proc/net下面的统计信息。所以ss执行的时候消耗资源以及消耗的时间都比netstat少很多
ss命令帮助
# ss -h
Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ]
ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ]
-h, --help this message
-V, --version output version information
-n, --numeric don‘t resolve service names
-r, --resolve resolve host names
-a, --all display all sockets
-l, --listening display listening sockets
-o, --options show timer information
-e, --extended show detailed socket information
-m, --memory show socket memory usage
-p, --processes show process using socket
-i, --info show internal TCP information
-s, --summary show socket usage summary
-4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets
-6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets
-0, --packet display PACKET sockets
-t, --tcp display only TCP sockets
-u, --udp display only UDP sockets
-d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets
-w, --raw display only RAW sockets
-x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets
-f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY
-A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY
QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY]
-D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE
-F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE
FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ]
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# ss -h Usage: ss [ OPTIONS ] ss [ OPTIONS ] [ FILTER ] -h, --help this message -V, --version output version information -n, --numeric don‘t resolve service names -r, --resolve resolve host names -a, --all display all sockets -l, --listening display listening sockets -o, --options show timer information -e, --extended show detailed socket information -m, --memory show socket memory usage -p, --processes show process using socket -i, --info show internal TCP information -s, --summary show socket usage summary -4, --ipv4 display only IP version 4 sockets -6, --ipv6 display only IP version 6 sockets -0, --packet display PACKET sockets -t, --tcp display only TCP sockets -u, --udp display only UDP sockets -d, --dccp display only DCCP sockets -w, --raw display only RAW sockets -x, --unix display only Unix domain sockets -f, --family=FAMILY display sockets of type FAMILY -A, --query=QUERY, --socket=QUERY QUERY := {all|inet|tcp|udp|raw|unix|packet|netlink}[,QUERY] -D, --diag=FILE Dump raw information about TCP sockets to FILE -F, --filter=FILE read filter information from FILE FILTER := [ state TCP-STATE ] [ EXPRESSION ] |