R语言
第2节
1、 散点图
plot(x$x1,x$x2,
main="数学分析与线性代数成绩的关系",
xlab="数学分析",
ylab="线性代数",
xlim=c(0,100),
ylim=c(0,100),
xaxs="i",#Setx axis style as internal
yaxs="i",#Sety axis style as internal
col="red",#Setthe color of plottingsymbol to red
pch=19)#Set the plotting symbol tofilled dots
2、 连线图
a=c(2,3,4,5,6)
b=c(4,7,8,9,12)
plot(a,b,type="l")
3、 多条曲线的效果
plot(rain$Tokyo,type="l",col="red",
ylim=c(0,300),
main="MonthlyRainfall in major cities",
xlab="Monthof Year",
ylab="Rainfall(mm)",
lwd=2)
lines(rain$NewYork,type="l",col="blue",lwd=2)
lines(rain$London,type="l",col="green",lwd=2)
lines(rain$Berlin,type="l",col="orange",lwd=2)
4、 R内置数据集
函数data()列出内置数据
>mtcars
mpg cyl disp hp drat wt qsec vs am gear carb
MazdaRX4 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.620 16.46 0 1 4 4
Mazda RX4Wag 21.0 6 160.0 110 3.90 2.875 17.02 0 1 4 4
Datsun710 22.8 4 108.0 93 3.85 2.320 18.61 1 1 4 1
Hornet 4Drive 21.4 6 258.0 110 3.08 3.215 19.44 1 0 3 1
HornetSportabout 18.7 8 360.0 175 3.15 3.440 17.02 0 0 3 2
Valiant 18.1 6 225.0 105 2.76 3.460 20.22 1 0 3 1
Duster360 14.3 8 360.0 245 3.21 3.570 15.84 0 0 3 4
Merc240D 24.4 4 146.7 62 3.69 3.190 20.00 1 0 4 2
Merc230 22.8 4 140.8 95 3.92 3.150 22.90 1 0 4 2
Merc280 19.2 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.30 1 0 4 4
Merc280C 17.8 6 167.6 123 3.92 3.440 18.90 1 0 4 4
Merc450SE 16.4 8 275.8 180 3.07 4.070 17.40 0 0 3 3
Merc450SL 17.3 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.730 17.60 0 0 3 3
Merc450SLC 15.2 8 275.8 180 3.07 3.780 18.00 0 0 3 3
CadillacFleetwood 10.4 8 472.0 205 2.93 5.250 17.98 0 0 3 4
LincolnContinental 10.4 8 460.0 215 3.00 5.42417.82 0 0 3 4
ChryslerImperial 14.7 8 440.0 230 3.23 5.345 17.42 0 0 3 4
Fiat128 32.4 4 78.7 66 4.08 2.200 19.47 1 1 4 1
HondaCivic 30.4 4 75.7 52 4.93 1.615 18.52 1 1 4 2
ToyotaCorolla 33.9 4 71.1 65 4.22 1.835 19.90 1 1 4 1
ToyotaCorona 21.5 4 120.1 97 3.70 2.465 20.01 1 0 3 1
DodgeChallenger 15.5 8 318.0 150 2.76 3.520 16.87 0 0 3 2
AMCJavelin 15.2 8 304.0 150 3.15 3.435 17.30 0 0 3 2
CamaroZ28 13.3 8 350.0 245 3.73 3.840 15.41 0 0 3 4
PontiacFirebird 19.2 8 400.0 175 3.08 3.845 17.05 0 0 3 2
FiatX1-9 27.3 4 79.0 66 4.08 1.935 18.90 1 1 4 1
Porsche914-2 26.0 4 120.3 91 4.43 2.140 16.70 0 1 5 2
LotusEuropa 30.4 4 95.1 113 3.77 1.513 16.90 1 1 5 2
FordPantera L 15.8 8 351.0 264 4.22 3.170 14.50 0 1 5 4
FerrariDino 19.7 6 145.0 175 3.62 2.770 15.50 0 1 5 6
MaseratiBora 15.0 8 301.0 335 3.54 3.570 14.60 0 1 5 8
Volvo 142E 21.4 4 121.0 109 4.11 2.780 18.60 1 1 4 2
注意:查询数据集的命令是data()
5、 热点图
利用内置的mtcars数据集绘制
heatmap(as.matrix(mtcars),
Rowv=NA,
Colv=NA,
col=heat.colors(256),
scale="column",
margins=c(2,8),
main="Car characteristics byModel")
6、 Iris(鸢尾花)数据集
> iris
Sepal.Length Sepal.Width Petal.LengthPetal.Width Species
1 5.1 3.5 1.4 0.2 setosa
2 4.9 3.0 1.4 0.2 setosa
3 4.7 3.2 1.3 0.2 setosa
4 4.6 3.1 1.5 0.2 setosa
5 5.0 3.6 1.4 0.2 setosa
6 5.4 3.9 1.7 0.4 setosa
7 4.6 3.4 1.4 0.3 setosa
8 5.0 3.4 1.5 0.2 setosa
9 4.4 2.9 1.4 0.2 setosa
注意:Sepal是花鄂,Petal是花瓣,Species是种属
7、 向日葵散点图
8、 散点图集
9、 用plot也可以实现同样的效果
10、利用par()在同一个device输出多个散点图
Par命令博大精深,用于设置绘图图参数,help(par)