LeetCode | 0215. Kth Largest Element in an Array数组中的第K个最大元素【Python】

LeetCode 0215. Kth Largest Element in an Array数组中的第K个最大元素【Medium】【Python】【快排】【堆】

Problem

LeetCode

Find the kth largest element in an unsorted array. Note that it is the kth largest element in the sorted order, not the kth distinct element.

Example 1:

Input: [3,2,1,5,6,4] and k = 2
Output: 5

Example 2:

Input: [3,2,3,1,2,4,5,5,6] and k = 4
Output: 4

Note:
You may assume k is always valid, 1 ≤ k ≤ array‘s length.

问题

力扣

在未排序的数组中找到第 k 个最大的元素。请注意,你需要找的是数组排序后的第 k 个最大的元素,而不是第 k 个不同的元素。

示例 1:

输入: [3,2,1,5,6,4] 和 k = 2
输出: 5

示例 2:

输入: [3,2,3,1,2,4,5,5,6] 和 k = 4
输出: 4

说明:

你可以假设 k 总是有效的,且 1 ≤ k ≤ 数组的长度。

思路

法一:快排

找出第 k 个最大的元素,可以看成将数组从大到小排序,取第 k 个位置的元素。选择使用快排,即当分界点的索引是 k-1 时,就是第 k 个最大元素。详情可以参考耶鲁大学关于QuickSelect算法的介绍

时间复杂度: O(n)
空间复杂度: O(1)

法二:堆

构建最大堆,从上往下,第 k 个位置就是第 k 个最大元素。

时间复杂度: O(nlogk)
空间复杂度: O(k)

Python代码

# 法一:快排
class Solution(object):
    def findKthLargest(self, nums, k):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type k: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        low, high = 0, len(nums)-1
        while low <= high:
            pivot = self.partition(nums, low, high)
            if pivot == k - 1:  # 第 k 大, 即从大到小排序第 k-1 位置(从 0 开始计算)
                return nums[pivot]
            if pivot < k - 1:
                low = pivot + 1
            else:
                high = pivot - 1

    # 划分函数
    def partition(self, nums, low, high):
        pivot_value = nums[high]  # 因为是从大到小排序, 所以选 nums[high] 为基值
        index = low
        for i in range(low, high):
            if nums[i] >= pivot_value:
                nums[i], nums[index] = nums[index], nums[i]
                index += 1
        nums[index], nums[high] = nums[high], nums[index]
        return index  # 返回的 index 即分界点

# 法二:堆
class Solution(object):
    def findKthLargest(self, nums, k):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type k: int
        :rtype: int
        """
        # 直接调用 Python 的 heapq 模块
        import heapq
        list_k = heapq.nlargest(k, nums)
        return list_k.pop()

题外话

其实用 Python 自带的 sorted() 函数排序也能 AC。

return sorted(nums)[-k]  # 用 Python 自带的排序算法一行代码就能 AC

代码地址

GitHub链接

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wonz/p/12309686.html

时间: 2024-10-05 00:23:40

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