前端在处理含有大量数据提交的表单时,除了使用Form直接提交刷新页面之外,经常碰到的需求是收集表单信息成数据对象,Ajax提交。
而在处理复杂的表单时,需要一个一个区手动判断处理字段值,显得非常麻烦。接下来介绍的插件将解决这个问题。
关于serializeJSON
使用jquery.serializeJSON
,可以在基于jQuery或者Zepto的页面中,调用 .serializeJSON()
方法来序列化form表单的数据成JS对象。
使用
只需要在jQuery或者Zepto时候引入即可
<script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery.serializejson.js"></script>
示例
HTML form
(支持input
、textarea
、select
等标签)
<form id="my-profile"> <!-- simple attribute --> <input type="text" name="fullName" value="Mario Izquierdo" /> <!-- nested attributes --> <input type="text" name="address[city]" value="San Francisco" /> <input type="text" name="address[state][name]" value="California" /> <input type="text" name="address[state][abbr]" value="CA" /> <!-- array --> <input type="text" name="jobbies[]" value="code" /> <input type="text" name="jobbies[]" value="climbing" /> <!-- textareas, checkboxes ... --> <textarea name="projects[0][name]">serializeJSON</textarea> <textarea name="projects[0][language]">javascript</textarea> <input type="hidden" name="projects[0][popular]" value="0" /> <input type="checkbox" name="projects[0][popular]" value="1" checked /> <textarea name="projects[1][name]">tinytest.js</textarea> <textarea name="projects[1][language]">javascript</textarea> <input type="hidden" name="projects[1][popular]" value="0" /> <input type="checkbox" name="projects[1][popular]" value="1"/> <!-- select --> <select name="selectOne"> <option value="paper">Paper</option> <option value="rock" selected>Rock</option> <option value="scissors">Scissors</option> </select> <!-- select multiple options, just name it as an array[] --> <select multiple name="selectMultiple[]"> <option value="red" selected>Red</option> <option value="blue" selected>Blue</option> <option value="yellow">Yellow</option> </select> </form>
javascript
:
$(‘#my-profile‘).serializeJSON(); // returns =>{ fullName: "Mario Izquierdo", address: { city: "San Francisco", state: { name: "California", abbr: "CA" } }, jobbies: ["code", "climbing"], projects: { ‘0‘: { name: "serializeJSON", language: "javascript", popular: "1" }, ‘1‘: { name: "tinytest.js", language: "javascript", popular: "0" } }, selectOne: "rock", selectMultiple: ["red", "blue"] }
serializeJSON
方法返回一个JS对象,并非JSON字符串。可以使用 JSON.stringify
转换成字符串(注意IE8兼容性)。
JavaScript权威指南(第6版)(中文版) http://www.gooln.com/document/452.html
var jsonString = JSON.stringify(obj);
指定数据类型
获取到的属性值一般是字符串,可以通过HTML指定类型 : type 进行强制转换。
<form> <input type="text" name="notype" value="default type is :string"/> <input type="text" name="string:string" value=":string type overrides parsing options"/> <input type="text" name="excluded:skip" value="Use :skip to not include this field in the result"/> <input type="text" name="number[1]:number" value="1"/> <input type="text" name="number[1.1]:number" value="1.1"/> <input type="text" name="number[other stuff]:number" value="other stuff"/> <input type="text" name="boolean[true]:boolean" value="true"/> <input type="text" name="boolean[false]:boolean" value="false"/> <input type="text" name="boolean[0]:boolean" value="0"/> <input type="text" name="null[null]:null" value="null"/> <input type="text" name="null[other stuff]:null" value="other stuff"/> <input type="text" name="auto[string]:auto" value="text with stuff"/> <input type="text" name="auto[0]:auto" value="0"/> <input type="text" name="auto[1]:auto" value="1"/> <input type="text" name="auto[true]:auto" value="true"/> <input type="text" name="auto[false]:auto" value="false"/> <input type="text" name="auto[null]:auto" value="null"/> <input type="text" name="auto[list]:auto" value="[1, 2, 3]"/> <input type="text" name="array[empty]:array" value="[]"/> <input type="text" name="array[list]:array" value="[1, 2, 3]"/> <input type="text" name="object[empty]:object" value="{}"/> <input type="text" name="object[dict]:object" value=‘{"my": "stuff"}‘/> </form>
$(‘form‘).serializeJSON(); // returns =>{ "notype": "default type is :string", "string": ":string type overrides parsing options", // :skip type removes the field from the output "number": { "1": 1, "1.1": 1.1, "other stuff": NaN, // <-- Other stuff parses as NaN (Not a Number) }, "boolean": { "true": true, "false": false, "0": false, // <-- "false", "null", "undefined", "", "0" parse as false }, "null": { "null": null, // <-- "false", "null", "undefined", "", "0" parse as null "other stuff": "other stuff" }, "auto": { // works as the parseAll option "string": "text with stuff", "0": 0, // <-- parsed as number "1": 1, // <-- parsed as number "true": true, // <-- parsed as boolean "false": false, // <-- parsed as boolean "null": null, // <-- parsed as null "list": "[1, 2, 3]" // <-- array and object types are not auto-parsed }, "array": { // <-- works using JSON.parse "empty": [], "not empty": [1,2,3] }, "object": { // <-- works using JSON.parse "empty": {}, "not empty": {"my": "stuff"} } }
数据类型也可以指定在 data-value-type
属性中,代替 :type
标记。
<form> <input type="text" name="number[1]" data-value-type="number" value="1"/> <input type="text" name="number[1.1]" data-value-type="number" value="1.1"/> <input type="text" name="boolean[true]" data-value-type="boolean" value="true"/> <input type="text" name="null[null]" data-value-type="null" value="null"/> <input type="text" name="auto[string]" data-value-type="auto" value="0"/> </form>
options配置
默认配置
- Values始终为字符串(除非在
input names
使用:types
) Keys
始终为字符串(默认不自动检测是否需要转换为数组)- 未选择的
checkboxes
会被忽略 disabled
的elements
会被忽略
自定义配置
写法 释义 checkboxUncheckedValue: string 针对未勾选的checkboxes,设定值 parseBooleans: true 自动检测转换”true”、”false”为布尔值true、false parseNumbers: true 自动检测转换”1″、”33.33″、”-44″为数字1、33.33、-44 parseNulls: true 自动检测字符串”null”为null parseAll: true 自动检测转换以上类型的字符串 parseWithFunction: function 自定义转换函数 function(value, name){return parsedValue}customTypes: {} 自定义:types覆盖默认types,如{type: function(value){…}} defaultTypes: {defaultTypes} 重新定义所有的:types,如{type: function(value){…}} useIntKeysAsArrayIndex: true 当keys为整数时,将序列化为数组
包含未勾选的checkboxes
serializeJSON 支持 checkboxUncheckedValue
配置,或者可以在checkboxes
添加 data-unchecked-value
属性。
默认方法:
<form> <input type="checkbox" name="check1" value="true" checked/> <input type="checkbox" name="check2" value="true"/> <input type="checkbox" name="check3" value="true"/> </form>
$(‘form‘).serializeJSON(); // returns =>{‘check1‘: ‘true‘} // Note that check2 and check3 are not included because they are not checked
上面的写法会忽略未勾选的复选框。如果需要包含,则可以使用以下方法:
1. 配置checkboxUncheckedValue
$(‘form‘).serializeJSON({checkboxUncheckedValue: "false"}); // returns =>{‘check1‘: ‘true‘, check2: ‘false‘, check3: ‘false‘}
2. 添加data-unchecked-value
属性
<form id="checkboxes"> <input type="checkbox" name="checked[bool]" value="true" data-unchecked-value="false" checked/> <input type="checkbox" name="checked[bin]" value="1" data-unchecked-value="0" checked/> <input type="checkbox" name="checked[cool]" value="YUP" checked/> <input type="checkbox" name="unchecked[bool]" value="true" data-unchecked-value="false" /> <input type="checkbox" name="unchecked[bin]" value="1" data-unchecked-value="0" /> <input type="checkbox" name="unchecked[cool]" value="YUP" /> <!-- No unchecked value specified --> </form>
$(‘form#checkboxes‘).serializeJSON(); // Note no option is used // returns =>{ ‘checked‘: { ‘bool‘: ‘true‘, ‘bin‘: ‘1‘, ‘cool‘: ‘YUP‘ }, ‘unchecked‘: { ‘bool‘: ‘false‘, ‘bin‘: ‘0‘ // Note that unchecked cool does not appear, because it doesn‘t use data-unchecked-value } }
自动检测转换类型
默认的类型为字符串 :string
,可以通过配置转换为其它类型
$(‘form‘).serializeJSON({parseNulls: true, parseNumbers: true}); // returns =>{ "bool": { "true": "true", // booleans are still strings, because parseBooleans was not set "false": "false", } "number": { "0": 0, // numbers are parsed because parseNumbers: true "1": 1, "2.2": 2.2, "-2.25": -2.25, } "null": null, // "null" strings are converted to null becase parseNulls: true "string": "text is always string", "empty": ""}
在极少数情况下,可以使用自定义转换函数
var emptyStringsAndZerosToNulls = function(val, inputName) { if (val === "") return null; // parse empty strings as nulls if (val === 0) return null; // parse 0 as null return val; } $(‘form‘).serializeJSON({parseWithFunction: emptyStringsAndZerosToNulls, parseNumbers: true}); // returns =>{ "bool": { "true": "true", "false": "false", } "number": { "0": null, // <-- parsed with custom function "1": 1, "2.2": 2.2, "-2.25": -2.25, } "null": "null", "string": "text is always string", "empty": null // <-- parsed with custom function}
自定义类型
可以使用 customTypes
配置自定义类型或者覆盖默认类型($.serializeJSON.defaultOptions.defaultTypes
)
<form> <input type="text" name="scary:alwaysBoo" value="not boo"/> <input type="text" name="str:string" value="str"/> <input type="text" name="number:number" value="5"/> </form>
$(‘form‘).serializeJSON({ customTypes: { alwaysBoo: function(str) { // value is always a string return "boo"; }, string: function(str) { // all strings will now end with " override" return str + " override"; } } }); // returns =>{ "scary": "boo", // <-- parsed with type :alwaysBoo "str": "str override", // <-- parsed with new type :string (instead of the default) "number": 5, // <-- the default :number still works}
忽略空表单字段
// Select only imputs that have a non-empty value$(‘form :input[value!=""]‘).serializeJSON(); // Or filter them from the formobj = $(‘form‘).find(‘input‘).not(‘[value=""]‘).serializeJSON(); // For more complicated filtering, you can use a functionobj = $form.find(‘:input‘).filter(function () { return $.trim(this.value).length > 0 }).serializeJSON();
使用整数keys作为数组的顺序
使用useIntKeyAsArrayIndex
配置
<form> <input type="text" name="arr[0]" value="foo"/> <input type="text" name="arr[1]" value="var"/> <input type="text" name="arr[5]" value="inn"/> </form>
按照默认的方法,结果为:
$(‘form‘).serializeJSON(); // returns =>{‘arr‘: {‘0‘: ‘foo‘, ‘1‘: ‘var‘, ‘5‘: ‘inn‘ }}
使用useIntKeyAsArrayIndex
可以将记过转换为数组并制定顺序
$(‘form‘).serializeJSON({useIntKeysAsArrayIndex: true}); // returns =>{‘arr‘: [‘foo‘, ‘var‘, undefined, undefined, undefined, ‘inn‘]}
默认配置Defaults
所有的默认配置均定义在 $.serializeJSON.defaultOptions
,可以进行修改。
$.serializeJSON.defaultOptions.parseAll = true; // parse booleans, numbers and nulls by default $(‘form‘).serializeJSON(); // No options => then use $.serializeJSON.defaultOptions // returns =>{ "bool": { "true": true, "false": false, } "number": { "0": 0, "1": 1, "2.2": 2.2, "-2.25": -2.25, } "null": null, "string": "text is always string", "empty": ""}