一、环境准备
1.mysql-db01
1 #系统版本 2 [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 3 CentOS release 6.7 (Final) 4 #内核版本 5 [[email protected] ~]# uname -r 6 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 7 #IP地址 8 [[email protected] ~]# hostname -I 9 10.0.0.51
2.mysql-db02
1 #系统版本 2 [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 3 CentOS release 6.7 (Final) 4 #内核版本 5 [[email protected] ~]# uname -r 6 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 7 #IP地址 8 [[email protected] ~]# hostname -I 9 10.0.0.52
3.mysql-db03
1 #系统版本 2 [[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 3 CentOS release 6.7 (Final) 4 #内核版本 5 [[email protected] ~]# uname -r 6 2.6.32-573.el6.x86_64 7 #IP地址 8 [[email protected] ~]# hostname -I 9 10.0.0.53
二、安装mysql
1.安装包准备
1 #创建安装包存放目录 2 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir /home/oldboy/tools -p 3 #进入目录 4 [[email protected] ~]# cd /home/oldboy/tools/ 5 #上传mysql安装包（mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz） 6 [[email protected] tools]# rz -be
2.安装
1 #创建安装目录 2 [[email protected] tools]# mkdir /application 3 #解压mysql二进制包 4 [[email protected] tools]# tar xf mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz 5 #移动安装包 6 [[email protected] tools]# mv mysql-5.6.16-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.6.16 7 #做软链接 8 [[email protected] tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.6.16/ /application/mysql 9 #创建mysql用户 10 [[email protected] tools]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M 11 #进入mysql初始化目录 12 [[email protected] tools]# cd /application/mysql/scripts/ 13 #初始化mysql 14 [[email protected] scripts]# ./mysql_install_db 15 --user=mysql 16 --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ 17 --basedir=/application/mysql/ 18 #注解 19 --user： 指定mysql用户 20 --datadir：指定mysql数据存放目录 21 --basedir：指定mysql base目录 22 #拷贝mysql配置文件 23 [[email protected] ~]# \cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf 24 #拷贝mysql启动脚本 25 [[email protected] ~]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld 26 #修改mysql默认安装目录（否则无法启动） 27 [[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘s#/usr/local#/application#g‘ /etc/init.d/mysqld 28 [[email protected] ~]# sed -i ‘s#/usr/local#/application#g‘ /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 29 #配置mysql环境变量 30 [[email protected] ~]# echo ‘export PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"‘ >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh 31 #刷新环境变量 32 [[email protected] ~]# source /etc/profile
3.启动并添加开机自启
1 #加入开机自启 2 [[email protected] ~]# chkconfig mysqld on 3 #启动mysql 4 [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start 5 Starting MySQL........... SUCCESS! #启动成功
4.设置root密码
1 #配置mysql密码为oldboy123 2 [[email protected] ~]# mysqladmin -uroot password oldboy123
三、主从复制
1.先决条件
- 主库和从库都要开启binlog （因为从库有可能被提升为主库，所以必须开启binlog）
- 主库和从库server-id不同
- 要有主从复制用户
2.主库操作
2.1修改配置文件
1 #编辑mysql配置文件 2 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 3 #在mysqld标签下配置 4 [mysqld] 5 #主库server-id为1，从库必须和主库不一样 6 server_id =1 7 #开启binlog日志 8 log_bin=mysql-bin
2.2创建主从复制用户
1 #登录数据库 2 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 3 #创建rep用户 4 mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to [email protected]‘10.0.0.%‘ identified by ‘oldboy123‘;
3.从库操作
3.1修改配置文件
1 #修改mysql-db02配置文件 2 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 3 #在mysqld标签下配置 4 [mysqld] 5 #主库server-id为1，从库必须和主库不一样 6 server_id =5 7 #开启binlog日志 8 log_bin=mysql-bin 9 #重启mysql 10 [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart 11 12 #修改mysql-db03配置文件 13 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 14 #在mysqld标签下配置 15 [mysqld] 16 #主库server-id为1，从库必须和主库不一样 17 server_id =10 18 #开启binlog日志 19 log_bin=mysql-bin 20 #重启mysql 21 [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
注：在以往如果是基于binlog日志的主从复制，则必须要记住主库的master状态信息。
1 mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+
| File | Position |
+------------------+----------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 120 |
+------------------+----------+
4.开启GTID
1 #没开启之前先看一下GTID的状态 2 mysql> show global variables like ‘%gtid%‘;+--------------------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+--------------------------+-------+| enforce_gtid_consistency | OFF || gtid_executed | || gtid_mode | OFF || gtid_owned | || gtid_purged | |+--------------------------+-------+ 3 #编辑mysql配置文件（主库从库都需要修改） 4 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 5 #在[mysqld]标签下添加 6 [mysqld] 7 gtid_mode=ON 8 log_slave_updates 9 enforce_gtid_consistency 10 #重启数据库 11 [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart 12 #检查GTID状态 13 mysql> show global variables like ‘%gtid%‘;
+--------------------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+-------+
| enforce_gtid_consistency | ON | #执行GTID一致
| gtid_executed | |
| gtid_mode | ON | #开启GTID模块
| gtid_owned | |
| gtid_purged | |
+--------------------------+-------+
注：主库从库都需要开启GTID否则在做主从复制的时候就会报错
1 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 2 mysql> change master to 3 -> master_host=‘10.0.0.51‘, 4 -> master_user=‘rep‘, 5 -> master_password=‘oldboy123‘, 6 -> master_auto_position=1; 7 ERROR 1777 (HY000): CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_AUTO_POSITION = 1 can only be executed when @@GLOBAL.GTID_MODE = ON.
5.配置主从复制
1 #登录数据库 2 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 3 #配置复制主机信息 4 mysql> change master to 5 #主库IP 6 -> master_host=‘10.0.0.51‘, 7 #主库复制用户 8 -> master_user=‘rep‘, 9 #主库复制用户的密码 10 -> master_password=‘oldboy123‘, 11 #GTID位置点 12 -> master_auto_position=1; 13 #开启slave 14 mysql> start slave; 15 #查看slave状态 16 mysql> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.0.0.51 #主库IP Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 #主库端口 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 #binlog名 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_File: mysql-db02-relay-bin.000005 Relay_Log_Pos: 401 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes #IO线程状态 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #SQL线程状态 Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_Space: 1883 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad Master_Info_File: /application/mysql-5.6.16/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad:1 #GTID号 Executed_Gtid_Set: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad:1 #GTID号 Auto_Position: 1
6.从库其它配置
1 #登录从库 2 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 3 #禁用自动删除relay log 功能 4 mysql> set global relay_log_purge = 0; 5 #设置只读 6 mysql> set global read_only=1; 7 #编辑配置文件 8 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf 9 #在mysqld标签下添加 10 [mysqld] 11 #禁用自动删除relay log 永久生效 12 relay_log_purge = 0
四、部署MHA
1.环境准备（所有节点）
1 #安装依赖包 2 [[email protected] ~]# yum install perl-DBD-MySQL -y 3 #进入安装包存放目录 4 [[email protected] ~]# cd /home/oldboy/tools/ 5 #上传mha安装包 6 [[email protected] tools]# rz -be 7 mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm 8 mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz 9 mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm 10 mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz 11 #安装node包 12 [[email protected] tools]# rpm -ivh mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm 13 #登录数据库 14 [[email protected] tools]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 15 #添加mha管理账号 16 mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to [email protected]‘10.0.0.%‘ identified by ‘mha‘; 17 #查看是否添加成功 18 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user; 19 #主库上创建，从库会自动复制（在从库上查看） 20 mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
2.命令软连接
1 #如果不创建命令软连接，检测mha复制情况的时候会报错 2 [[email protected] ~]# ln -s /application/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/bin/mysqlbinlog 3 [[email protected] ~]# ln -s /application/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
3.管理节点（mha-manager）
3.1在mysql-db03上安装管理节点
1 #使用epel源 2 [[email protected] ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-6.repo 3 #安装manager依赖包 4 [[email protected] ~]# yum install -y perl-Config-Tiny epel-release perl-Log-Dispatch perl-Parallel-ForkManager perl-Time-HiRes 5 #安装manager包 6 [[email protected] tools]# rpm -ivh mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm 7 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 8 1:mha4mysql-manager ########################################### [100%]
4.配置文件
1 #创建配置文件目录 2 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /etc/mha 3 #创建日志目录 4 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /var/log/mha/app1 5 #编辑mha配置文件 6 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/mha/app1.cnf 7 [server default] 8 manager_log=/var/log/mha/app1/manager 9 manager_workdir=/var/log/mha/app1 10 master_binlog_dir=/application/mysql/data 11 user=mha 12 password=mha 13 ping_interval=2 14 repl_password=oldboy123 15 repl_user=rep 16 ssh_user=root 17 18 [server1] 19 hostname=10.0.0.51 20 port=3306 21 22 [server2] 23 candidate_master=1 24 check_repl_delay=0 25 hostname=10.0.0.52 26 port=3306 27 28 [server3] 29 hostname=10.0.0.53 30 port=3306
【配置文件详解】
1 [server default] 2 #设置manager的工作目录 3 manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1 4 #设置manager的日志 5 manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 6 #设置master 保存binlog的位置，以便MHA可以找到master的日志，我这里的也就是mysql的数据目录 7 master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql 8 #设置自动failover时候的切换脚本 9 master_ip_failover_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover 10 #设置手动切换时候的切换脚本 11 master_ip_online_change_script= /usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change 12 #设置mysql中root用户的密码，这个密码是前文中创建监控用户的那个密码 13 password=123456 14 #设置监控用户root 15 user=root 16 #设置监控主库，发送ping包的时间间隔，尝试三次没有回应的时候自动进行failover 17 ping_interval=1 18 #设置远端mysql在发生切换时binlog的保存位置 19 remote_workdir=/tmp 20 #设置复制用户的密码 21 repl_password=123456 22 #设置复制环境中的复制用户名 23 repl_user=rep 24 #设置发生切换后发送的报警的脚本 25 report_script=/usr/local/send_report 26 #一旦MHA到server02的监控之间出现问题，MHA Manager将会尝试从server03登录到server02 27 secondary_check_script= /usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s server03 -s server02 --user=root --master_host=server02 --master_ip=192.168.0.50 --master_port=3306 28 #设置故障发生后关闭故障主机脚本（该脚本的主要作用是关闭主机放在发生脑裂,这里没有使用） 29 shutdown_script="" 30 #设置ssh的登录用户名 31 ssh_user=root 32 33 [server1] 34 hostname=10.0.0.51 35 port=3306 36 37 [server2] 38 hostname=10.0.0.52 39 port=3306 40 #设置为候选master，如果设置该参数以后，发生主从切换以后将会将此从库提升为主库，即使这个主库不是集群中事件最新的slave 41 candidate_master=1 42 #默认情况下如果一个slave落后master 100M的relay logs的话，MHA将不会选择该slave作为一个新的master，因为对于这个slave的恢复需要花费很长时间，通过设置check_repl_delay=0,MHA触发切换在选择一个新的master的时候将会忽略复制延时，这个参数对于设置了candidate_master=1的主机非常有用，因为这个候选主在切换的过程中一定是新的master 43 check_repl_delay=0
5.ssh-key(所有节点)
1 #创建秘钥对 2 [[email protected] ~]# ssh-keygen -t dsa -P ‘‘ -f ~/.ssh/id_dsa >/dev/null 2>&1 3 #发送公钥，包括自己 4 [[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub [email protected]10.0.0.51 5 [[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub [email protected]10.0.0.52 6 [[email protected] ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_dsa.pub [email protected]10.0.0.53
6.启动前测试
1 #测试ssh 2 [[email protected] ~]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf 3 #看到如下字样，则测试成功 4 Tue Mar 7 01:03:33 2017 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully. 5 #测试复制 6 [[email protected] ~]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf 7 #看到如下字样，则测试成功 8 MySQL Replication Health is OK.
7.启动MHA
1 #启动 2 [[email protected] ~]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/mha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
8.failover测试
1 #登录数据库（db02） 2 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 3 #检查复制情况 4 mysql> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.0.0.51 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_File: mysql-db02-relay-bin.000005 Relay_Log_Pos: 401 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_Space: 1883 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad Master_Info_File: /application/mysql-5.6.16/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad:1 Executed_Gtid_Set: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad:1 Auto_Position: 1 5 #登录数据库（db03） 6 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 7 #检查复制情况 8 mysql> show slave status\G*************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 10.0.0.51 Master_User: rep Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_File: mysql-db02-relay-bin.000005 Relay_Log_Pos: 401 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000004 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running: Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_Space: 1883 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad Master_Info_File: /application/mysql-5.6.16/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad:1 Executed_Gtid_Set: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad:1 9 #停掉主库 10 [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop 11 Shutting down MySQL..... SUCCESS! 12 #登录数据库（db02） 13 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 14 #查看slave状态 15 mysql> show slave status\G 16 #db02的slave已经为空 17 Empty set (0.00 sec) 18 #登录数据库（db03） 19 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 20 #查看slave状态 21 mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.52
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191
Relay_Log_File: mysql-db03-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 361
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 191 Relay_Log_Space: 1883 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 Master_UUID: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad Master_Info_File: /application/mysql-5.6.16/data/master.info SQL_Delay: 0 SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for the slave I/O thread to update it Master_Retry_Count: 86400 Master_Bind: Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: Master_SSL_Crl: Master_SSL_Crlpath: Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad:1 Executed_Gtid_Set: 722cdde9-0272-11e7-a825-000c2951d7ad:1
五、VIP漂移
1.vip漂移的两种方式
- 通过keepalived的方式，管理VIP的漂移
- 通过MHA自带脚本方式，管理VIP的漂移
2.MHA自带脚本方式
2.1修改配置文件
1 #编辑配置文件 2 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/mha/app1.cnf 3 #在[server default]标签下添加 4 [server default] 5 #使用MHA自带脚本 6 master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
2.2编辑脚本
1 #根据配置文件中脚本路径编辑 2 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/mha/master_ip_failover 3 #修改以下几行内容 4 my $vip = ‘10.0.0.55/24‘; 5 my $key = ‘0‘; 6 my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key $vip"; 7 my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth0:$key down"; 8 #添加执行权限，否则mha无法启动 9 [[email protected] ~]# chmod +x /etc/mha/master_ip_failover
【脚本内容如下】
#!/usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => ‘all‘;
use Getopt::Long;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
my $vip = ‘10.0.0.55/24‘;
my $key = ‘1‘;
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth1:$key $vip";
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig eth1:$key down";
GetOptions(
‘command=s‘ => \$command,
‘ssh_user=s‘ => \$ssh_user,
‘orig_master_host=s‘ => \$orig_master_host,
‘orig_master_ip=s‘ => \$orig_master_ip,
‘orig_master_port=i‘ => \$orig_master_port,
‘new_master_host=s‘ => \$new_master_host,
‘new_master_ip=s‘ => \$new_master_ip,
‘new_master_port=i‘ => \$new_master_port,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ([email protected]) {
warn "Got Error: [email protected]\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ([email protected]) {
warn [email protected];
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
sub stop_vip() {
return 0 unless ($ssh_user);
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
print
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
2.3手动绑定VIP
1 #绑定vip 2 [[email protected] ~]# ifconfig eth0:0 10.0.0.55/24 3 #查看vip 4 [[email protected] ~]# ip a |grep eth0 5 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 6 inet 10.0.0.51/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0 7 inet 10.0.0.55/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
2.4测试VIP漂移
1 #登录db02 2 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 3 #查看slave信息 4 mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.51
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191
Relay_Log_File: mysql-db02-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 361
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
5 #停掉主库 6 [[email protected] ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop 7 Shutting down MySQL..... SUCCESS! 8 #在db03上查看从库slave信息 9 mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 10.0.0.52
Master_User: rep
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 191
Relay_Log_File: mysql-db03-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 361
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000006
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
10 #在db01上查看vip信息 11 [[email protected] ~]# ip a |grep eth0 12 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 13 inet 10.0.0.51/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0 14 #在db02上查看vip信息 15 [[email protected] ~]# ip a |grep eth0 16 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 17 inet 10.0.0.52/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0 18 inet 10.0.0.55/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global secondary eth0:0
六、binlog-server
1.先决条件
- mysql版本5.6以上，必须开启GTID
- mha版本0.56以上
2.修改配置文件
1 [[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/mha/app1.cnf 2 [binlog1] 3 no_master=1 4 hostname=10.0.0.53 5 master_binlog_dir=/data/mysql/binlog/
3.备份binlog
1 #创建备份binlog目录 2 [[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binlog/ 3 #进入该目录 4 [[email protected] ~]# cd /data/mysql/binlog/ 5 #备份binlog 6 [[email protected] binlog]# mysqlbinlog -R --host=10.0.0.51 --user=mha --password=mha --raw --stop-never mysql-bin.000001 & 7 #启动mha 8 [[email protected] binlog]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/mha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
4.测试binlog-server
1 #查看binlog目录中的binlog 2 [[email protected]db03 binlog]# ll 3 total 44 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 285 Mar 8 03:11 mysql-bin.000001 5 #登录主库 6 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uroot -poldboy123 7 #刷新binlog 8 mysql> flush logs; 9 #再次查看binlog目录 10 [[email protected]db03 binlog]# ll 11 total 48 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 285 Mar 8 03:11 mysql-bin.000001 13 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143 Mar 8 04:00 mysql-bin.000002
七、mysql读写分离中间件Atlas
1.简介
Atlas是由 Qihoo 360公司Web平台部基础架构团队开发维护的一个基于MySQL协议的数据中间层项目。它在MySQL官方推出的MySQL-Proxy 0.8.2版本的基础上，修改了大量bug，添加了很多功能特性。它在MySQL官方推出的MySQL-Proxy 0.8.2版本的基础上，修改了大量bug，添加了很多功能特性。
2.主要功能
- 读写分离
- 从库负载均衡
- IP过滤
- 自动分表
- DBA可平滑上下线DB
- 自动摘除宕机的DB
3.Atlas相对于官方MySQL-Proxy的优势
- 将主流程中所有Lua代码用C重写，Lua仅用于管理接口
- 重写网络模型、线程模型
- 实现了真正意义上的连接池
- 优化了锁机制，性能提高数十倍
4.安装
大家有福了，安装Atlas真的是炒鸡简单，官方提供的Atlas有两种：
Atlas (普通) : Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Atlas (分表) : Atlas-sharding_1.0.1-el6.x86_64.rpm
这里我们只需要下载普通的即可。
1 #在主库安装，进入安装包目录 2 [[email protected] ~]# cd /home/oldboy/tools/ 3 #下载Atlas 4 [[email protected]db01 tools]# 5 wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/2.2.1/Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 6 #安装 7 [[email protected] tools]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm 8 Preparing... ########################################### [100%] 9 1:Atlas ########################################### [100%]
5.配置文件
1 #进入Atlas工具目录 2 [[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/ 3 #生成密码 4 [[email protected] bin]# ./encrypt oldboy123 5 #修改Atlas配置文件 6 [[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf 7 #Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔 8 proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.51:3306 9 #Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口 10 proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.52:3306,10.0.0.53:3306 11 #用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码 12 pwds = root:1N/CNLSgqXuTZ6zxvGQr9A== 13 #SQL日志的开关 14 sql-log = ON 15 #Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口 16 proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:3307 17 #默认字符集，设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句 18 charset = utf8
6.启动
1 [[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start 2 OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
7.管理操作
1 #用atlas管理用户登录 2 [[email protected] ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h127.0.0.1 -P2345 3 #查看可用命令帮助 4 mysql> select * from help; 5 #查看后端代理的库 6 mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.51:3307 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.53:3307 | up | ro |
| 3 | 10.0.0.52:3307 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
7 #平滑摘除mysql 8 mysql> REMOVE BACKEND 2; 9 Empty set (0.00 sec) 10 #检查是否摘除成功 11 mysql> SELECT * FROM backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.51:3307 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.52:3307 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
12 #保存到配置文件中 13 mysql> SAVE CONFIG; 14 Empty set (0.06 sec)
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时间： 2024-08-08 13:58:19