【树形动规】HDU 5834 Magic boy Bi Luo with his excited tree

题目链接:

  http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=5834

题目大意:

  一棵N个点的有根树,每个节点有价值ci,每条树边有费用di,节点的值只能取一次,边权每次经过都要扣,问从每一个节点开始走最大能获得的价值。

题目思路:

  【树形动态规划】

  首先用dfs求出从根1往下走的:节点u往下走最后回到节点u的最大值g[u],节点u往下走最后不回到u的最优值和次优值f[0][u],f[1][u]

  接着考虑一个节点u,除了以上的情况还有可能是往它的父亲方向走,这里就分两种,一种是走父亲那边再回来走自己的子树,还有一种是走自己的子树再回来走父亲那边

  (肯定最后都不会特意回到u,因为边权>0,回到自己不会更优)而这些状态都可以通过dfs里求得f和g推出。

  具体推法我已写在代码注释中,希望没有写错。。

  1 //
  2 //by coolxxx
  3 //#include<bits/stdc++.h>
  4 #include<iostream>
  5 #include<algorithm>
  6 #include<string>
  7 #include<iomanip>
  8 #include<map>
  9 #include<stack>
 10 #include<queue>
 11 #include<set>
 12 #include<bitset>
 13 #include<memory.h>
 14 #include<time.h>
 15 #include<stdio.h>
 16 #include<stdlib.h>
 17 #include<string.h>
 18 //#include<stdbool.h>
 19 #include<math.h>
 20 #define min(a,b) ((a)<(b)?(a):(b))
 21 #define max(a,b) ((a)>(b)?(a):(b))
 22 #define abs(a) ((a)>0?(a):(-(a)))
 23 #define lowbit(a) (a&(-a))
 24 #define sqr(a) ((a)*(a))
 25 #define swap(a,b) ((a)^=(b),(b)^=(a),(a)^=(b))
 26 #define mem(a,b) memset(a,b,sizeof(a))
 27 #define eps (1e-8)
 28 #define J 10
 29 #define mod 1000000007
 30 #define MAX 0x7f7f7f7f
 31 #define PI 3.14159265358979323
 32 #define N 100004
 33 using namespace std;
 34 typedef long long LL;
 35 int cas,cass;
 36 int n,m,lll,ans;
 37 int w[N],last[N],g[N];
 38 int f[2][N],from[3][N],h[3][N];
 39 struct xxx
 40 {
 41     int next,to,d;
 42 }a[N+N];
 43 bool mark[N];
 44 void add(int x,int y,int z)
 45 {
 46     a[++lll].d=z;
 47     a[lll].to=y;
 48     a[lll].next=last[x];
 49     last[x]=lll;
 50 }
 51 void dfs(int u,int fa)//从根开始往下走的解
 52 {
 53     int i,j,v;
 54     g[u]=w[u];
 55     for(i=last[u];i;i=a[i].next)
 56     {
 57         v=a[i].to;
 58         if(v==fa)continue;
 59         dfs(v,u);
 60         g[u]+=max(0,g[v]-a[i].d-a[i].d);//g[u]统计最后回到u的最优解
 61     }
 62     for(i=last[u];i;i=a[i].next)
 63     {
 64         v=a[i].to;
 65         if(v==fa || f[0][v]<=a[i].d)continue;
 66         j=g[u]-max(0,g[v]-a[i].d-a[i].d)+max(0,f[0][v]-a[i].d);
 67         //枚举从u哪一条走下去不回,如果g[u]计算时有走v则要扣掉,再加上选择走v不回的最优值
 68         if(f[0][u]<=j)//不回u的最优值
 69         {
 70             f[1][u]=f[0][u],from[1][u]=from[0][u];
 71             f[0][u]=j,from[0][u]=i;
 72         }
 73         else if(f[1][u]<j)//不回u的次优值
 74             f[1][u]=j,from[1][u]=i;
 75     }
 76     f[0][u]=max(f[0][u],g[u]);
 77     f[1][u]=max(f[1][u],g[u]);
 78 }
 79 void work(int u,int fa)//计算最后答案
 80 {
 81     int i,j,v;
 82     for(i=last[u];i;i=a[i].next)
 83     {
 84         v=a[i].to;
 85         if(v==fa)return;
 86         j=max(0,g[v]-a[i].d-a[i].d);//u走到v再走回来是否更优
 87         h[0][v]=f[0][v]+max(0,g[u]-j-a[i].d-a[i].d);//g[u]扣除掉走v子树的值,先从v向上走到u再从u走回来,然后走回v的最优值
 88         h[1][v]=f[1][v]+max(0,g[u]-j-a[i].d-a[i].d);//次优值
 89         from[2][v]=i;
 90         if(g[v]>=a[i].d+a[i].d)//这种情况下前面多扣了一次边权
 91         {
 92             if(from[0][u]!=i)h[2][v]=h[0][u]+a[i].d;//v往上走回头再往下走不回头
 93             else h[2][v]=h[1][u]+a[i].d;//当前是最优值,选另一条走次优值
 94         }
 95         else//前面少扣了一次边权
 96         {
 97             if(from[0][u]!=i)h[2][v]=h[0][u]+g[v]-a[i].d;//v往下走回头再往上走不回头
 98             else h[2][v]=h[1][u]+g[v]-a[i].d;
 99         }
100         if(h[2][v]>h[1][v])swap(h[2][v],h[1][v]),swap(from[2][v],from[1][v]);
101         if(h[1][v]>h[0][v])swap(h[1][v],h[0][v]),swap(from[1][v],from[0][v]);
102         g[v]+=max(0,g[u]-j-a[i].d-a[i].d);//更新答案
103         work(v,u);
104     }
105 }
106 int main()
107 {
108     #ifndef ONLINE_JUDGE
109 //    freopen("1.txt","r",stdin);
110 //    freopen("2.txt","w",stdout);
111     #endif
112     int i,j,k;
113     int x,y,z;
114 //    for(scanf("%d",&cass);cass;cass--)
115     for(scanf("%d",&cas),cass=1;cass<=cas;cass++)
116 //    while(~scanf("%s",s+1))
117 //    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
118     {
119         mem(f,0);mem(from,0);mem(last,0);lll=0;
120         printf("Case #%d:\n",cass);
121         scanf("%d",&n);
122         for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
123             scanf("%d",&w[i]);
124         for(i=1;i<n;i++)
125         {
126             scanf("%d%d%d",&x,&y,&z);
127             add(x,y,z);
128             add(y,x,z);
129         }
130         dfs(1,0);
131         h[0][1]=f[0][1],h[1][1]=f[1][1];
132         work(1,0);
133         for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
134             printf("%d\n",h[0][i]);
135     }
136     return 0;
137 }
138 /*
139 //
140
141 //
142 */

时间: 2024-12-20 09:04:04

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