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[TOC]
1. RSA算法
RSA是目前最有影响力和最常用的公钥加密算法,它能够抵抗到目前为止已知的绝大多数密码攻击,已被ISO推荐为公钥数据加密标准。
今天只有短的RSA钥匙才可能被强力方式破解。但在分布式计算和量子计算机理论日趋成熟的今天,RSA加密安全性收到了挑战和质疑。
RSA算法基于一个十分简单的数论事实:将两个大质数相乘十分容易,但是想要对其乘积进行因式分解缺及其困难,因此可以将乘积公开作为加密密钥。
2. HTTPS
2.1 HTTPS优点
1. 使用HTTPS协议可认证用户和服务器,确保数据发送到正确的客户机和服务器。
2. HTTPS协议是由SSL+HTTP协议构建的可进行加密传输、身份认证的网络协议,要比HTTP协议安全,可防止数据在传输过程中不被窃取、改变,确保数据的完整性。
3. HTTPS是现行框架下最安全的解决方案,虽然不是觉得安全,但它增加了中间人攻击的成本。
2.2 HTTPS缺点
1. SSL的专业证书需要购买,功能越强大的证书费用越高
2. 相同的网络环境下,HTTPS协议会使页面的加载时间延长50%,增加10%-20%的耗电。此外,HTTPS协议还会影响缓存,增加数据开销和功耗。
3. HTTPS协议的安全性是有范围的,在黑客攻击、拒绝服务攻击、服务器劫持等方面几乎起不到什么作用。
4. 最关键的是,SSL证书的信用链体系并不安全。特别是在某些国家可以控制CA根证书的情况下,中间人攻击一样可行。
3. RSA传输加密实现
综上所述(其实主要是因为HTTPS购买SSL证书需要花钱),可在某些关键数据传输过程中进行RSA加密。比如:登录时对登录密码进行加密。
3.1 所需插件
3.1.1 JS插件
BigInt.js - 用于生成一个大整数(这是RSA算法的需要)
Barrett.js - RSA算法所需要用到的一个支持文件
RSA_Stripped.js - RSA的主要算法
下载密码:bhiq
3.1.2 所需JAR
bcprov-jdk15on
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
<artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
<version>1.58</version>
</dependency>
3.1.3 代码
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.study</groupId>
<artifactId>webrsa</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- bcprov-jdk15on -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
<artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
<version>1.58</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.6.1</version>
<configuration>
<target>1.7</target>
<source>1.7</source>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
RSAUtils.java
package com.study.webrsa.utils;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;
/**
* RSA加解密工具类
*
*/
public class RSAUtils {
public static final String SECURITY = "RSA"; // 加密方式
public static final String ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA"; // 加密算法
public static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey"; // 公钥
public static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey"; // 私钥
/**
* 获取密钥
*/
public static Map<String, Object> getKey() {
Map<String, Object> map = null;
try {
// 生成实现指定算法的KeyPairGenerator对象,用于生成密钥对
KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator =
KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(SECURITY, new BouncyCastleProvider());
keyPairGenerator.initialize(1024); // 初始化密钥长度
KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.generateKeyPair(); // 生成密钥对
RSAPublicKey rsaPublicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic(); // 获取公钥
RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); // 获取私钥
// 保存到map中
map = new HashMap<String, Object>();
map.put(PUBLIC_KEY, rsaPublicKey);
map.put(PRIVATE_KEY, rsaPrivateKey);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return map;
}
/**
* 利用私钥进行解密
*
* @param privateKey
* 私钥
* @param str
* 密文
* @return
*/
public static String decrypt(RSAPrivateKey privateKey, String str) {
try {
System.out.println("密文为:" + str);
// 获取实现指定转换的Cipher对象
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密钥初始化此Cipher对象
int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回块的大小
byte[] bytes = hexStringToBytes(str); // 将十六进制转换为二进制
int j = 0;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 将二进制数据分块写入ByteArrayOutputStream中
baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));
j++;
}
// 将二进制数据转换为字符串
byte[] bs = baos.toByteArray();
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.append(new String(bs));
String pwd = sb.reverse().toString();
System.out.println("明文为:" + pwd);
return pwd;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 将十六进制字符串转换为二进制数组
*
* @param hexString
* 十六进制字符串
* @return
*/
private static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hexString) {
if (hexString == null || "".equals(hexString)) {
return null;
}
hexString = hexString.toUpperCase(); // 全部转换为大写字符
int length = hexString.length() / 2; // 获取十六进制数据个数
char[] hexChars = hexString.toCharArray(); // 将十六进制字符串转换为字符数组
byte[] d = new byte[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int pos = i * 2; // 开始位置
d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));
}
return d;
}
private static byte charToByte(char ch) {
return (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(ch);
}
}
login.jsp
<%@page import="java.util.Map"%>
<%@page import="java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey"%>
<%@page import="java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey"%>
<%@page import="com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils"%>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>用户登录</title>
<!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-BVYiiSIFeK1dGmJRAkycuHAHRg32OmUcww7on3RYdg4Va+PmSTsz/K68vbdEjh4u" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<%
// 获取密钥对
Map<String, Object> map = RSAUtils.getKey();
// 获取公钥
RSAPublicKey rsaPublicKey = (RSAPublicKey) map.get(RSAUtils.PUBLIC_KEY);
// 获取私钥
RSAPrivateKey rsaPrivateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) map.get(RSAUtils.PRIVATE_KEY);
// 保存私钥到session中,便于后台进行解密
session.setAttribute("rsaKey", rsaPrivateKey);
// 保存公钥到request中,便于页面加密
String publicExponent = rsaPublicKey.getPublicExponent().toString(16);
String publicModulus = rsaPublicKey.getModulus().toString(16);
request.setAttribute("publicExponent", publicExponent);
request.setAttribute("publicModulus", publicModulus);
%>
<body>
<div class="container-fluid">
<form action="login" method="post" class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"
onsubmit="return cmdEncrypt();">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="loginName">登录名</label>
<input type="text" id="loginName" name="loginName" class="form-control"
placeholder="请输入用户名...">
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="loginPwd">登录密码</label>
<input type="password" id="loginPwd" name="loginPwd" class="form-control"
placeholder="请输入登录密码...">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary">登录</button>
</form>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.2.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 -->
<script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-Tc5IQib027qvyjSMfHjOMaLkfuWVxZxUPnCJA7l2mCWNIpG9mGCD8wGNIcPD7Txa" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/BigInt.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/Barrett.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="resources/rsa/RSA_Stripped.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
// 提交前对密码进行加密
function cmdEncrypt() {
setMaxDigits(131);
var pwd = $("#loginPwd").val(); // 获取原始密码
var key = new RSAKeyPair("${publicExponent}", "", "${publicModulus}");
pwd = encryptedString(key, pwd); // 对密码进行加密
$("#loginPwd").val(pwd);
return true;
}
</script>
</html>
LoginServlet.java
package com.study.webrsa.servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils;
@WebServlet("/login")
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
doPost(req, resp);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
throws ServletException, IOException {
// 设置编码格式
req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
// 获取前台参数
String loginName = req.getParameter("loginName");
String loginPwd = req.getParameter("loginPwd");
// 获取私钥
RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) req.getSession().getAttribute("rsaKey");
// 对密码进行解密
loginPwd = RSAUtils.decrypt(privateKey, loginPwd);
// 校验
if (true) {
req.setAttribute("username", loginName);
System.out.println("用户[" + loginName + "]用密码[" + loginPwd + "]登录本系统");
req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req, resp);
}
}
}
success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>登录成功</title>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>欢迎您,${username }</h1>
</center>
</body>
</html>
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
version="3.0">
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>login.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
4. 注意事项
4.1 setMaxDigits()
setMaxDigits(),到底应该传值多少?
在JS文件中给出公式为:n * 2 / 16。其中n为密钥长度。
如果n为1024,则值应为 1024 * 2 / 16 = 128。
经过测试,传128后台解密会报错;正确的值应该大于128。
个人喜好的公式是:n * 2 / 16 + 3
即 密钥长度若为1024,其值为 131
密钥长度若为2048,其值为 259
4.2 解密方式
在网上百度的代码,解密方式一般如下所示:
// 获取实现指定转换的Cipher对象
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密钥初始化此Cipher对象
int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回块的大小
byte[] bytes = new BigInteger(str, 16).toByteArray();
int j = 0;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 将二进制数据分块写入ByteArrayOutputStream中
baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));
j++;
}
用上述方式,偶尔会报错如下所示:
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Bad arguments
at javax.crypto.Cipher.doFinal(Cipher.java:2185)
at com.study.webrsa.utils.RSAUtils.decrypt(RSAUtils.java:76)
at com.study.webrsa.servlet.LoginServlet.doPost(LoginServlet.java:43)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:650)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:731)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:303)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:241)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:208)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:218)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:110)
at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:506)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:169)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:103)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve.invoke(AccessLogValve.java:962)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:116)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:445)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.AbstractHttp11Processor.process(AbstractHttp11Processor.java:1087)
at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$AbstractConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:637)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$SocketProcessor.run(JIoEndpoint.java:318)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)
后发现问题就出现在toByteArray()上面,因为在用上面的三个JS进行加密时,偶尔得出的密文会比正确的密文多出一个byte,里面是o。
因此可使用如下方式:
// 获取实现指定转换的Cipher对象
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/NONE/NoPadding", new BouncyCastleProvider());
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey); // 用密钥初始化此Cipher对象
int blockSize = cipher.getBlockSize(); // 返回块的大小
byte[] bytes = hexStringToBytes(str); // 将十六进制转换为二进制
int j = 0;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while (bytes.length - j * blockSize > 0) { // 将二进制数据分块写入ByteArrayOutputStream中
baos.write(cipher.doFinal(bytes, j * blockSize, blockSize));
j++;
}
/**
* 将十六进制字符串转换为二进制数组
*
* @param hexString
* 十六进制字符串
* @return
*/
private static byte[] hexStringToBytes(String hexString) {
if (hexString == null || "".equals(hexString)) {
return null;
}
hexString = hexString.toUpperCase(); // 全部转换为大写字符
int length = hexString.length() / 2; // 获取十六进制数据个数
char[] hexChars = hexString.toCharArray(); // 将十六进制字符串转换为字符数组
byte[] d = new byte[length];
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int pos = i * 2; // 开始位置
d[i] = (byte) (charToByte(hexChars[pos]) << 4 | charToByte(hexChars[pos + 1]));
}
return d;
}
private static byte charToByte(char ch) {
return (byte) "0123456789ABCDEF".indexOf(ch);
}
参考:
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时间: 2024-10-28 19:04:38