现象
表单界面如下：
在点击提交之后，出现如下错误页面：
HTML的代码如下：
contact_form.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC >
<html>
<head>
<title>Contact us</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Contact us</h1>
{% if errors %}
<ul>
{% for error in errors %}
<li>{{ error }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}
<form action="/contact/" method="post">
<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" value="{{ subject }}"></p>
<p>Your e-mail (optional): <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ email }}"></p>
<p>Message: <textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="50">{{ message }}</textarea></p>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
view代码如下：
view.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
def contact(request):
errors = []
if request.method == 'POST':
if not request.POST.get('subject', ''):
errors.append('Enter a subject.')
if not request.POST.get('message', ''):
errors.append('Enter a message.')
if request.POST.get('email') and '@' not in request.POST['email']:
errors.append('Enter a valid e‐mail address.')
if not errors:
send_mail(
request.POST['subject'],
request.POST['message'],
request.POST.get('email', '[email protected]'),
['[email protected]'],
)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/contact/thanks/')
return render_to_response('contact_form.html', {
'errors': errors,
'subject': request.POST.get('subject', ''),
'message': request.POST.get('message', ''),
'email': request.POST.get('email', ''),
})
一般浏览器都是开启了cookies的，所以在上面图中的错误信息中，我们主要关注后三点，根据提示进行更改：
解决方案一：CSRF验证设置
1. 在 view.py 中的 render_to_response 中，使用 RequestContext 来代替默认的 Context 。
view.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.template import RequestContext
def contact(request):
errors = []
if request.method == 'POST':
if not request.POST.get('subject', ''):
errors.append('Enter a subject.')
if not request.POST.get('message', ''):
errors.append('Enter a message.')
if request.POST.get('email') and '@' not in request.POST['email']:
errors.append('Enter a valid e‐mail address.')
if not errors:
send_mail(
request.POST['subject'],
request.POST['message'],
request.POST.get('email', '[email protected]'),
['[email protected]'],
)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/contact/thanks/')
return render_to_response('contact_form.html', {
'errors': errors,
'subject': request.POST.get('subject', ''),
'message': request.POST.get('message', ''),
'email': request.POST.get('email', ''),
},context_instance=RequestContext(request))
2. 在模板文件中的 form 表单内添加 {% csrf_token %} 。
contact_form.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC >
<html>
<head>
<title>Contact us</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Contact us</h1>
{% if errors %}
<ul>
{% for error in errors %}
<li>{{ error }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}
<form action="/contact/" method="post">
<br />{% csrf_token %}<br />
<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" value="{{ subject }}"></p>
<p>Your e-mail (optional): <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ email }}"></p>
<p>Message: <textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="50">{{ message }}</textarea></p>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
测试运行，成功！
PS：上文中图片中的错误信息第四条，在建立django工程的时候 setting.py 已经自动添加了 ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘,
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
)
解决方案二：不使用 CSRF 验证
1. 在 setting.py 文件中删除 ‘django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware‘, ，如下所示
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
#'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.SessionAuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
)
2. 移除 form 表单中的 {% csrf_token %} 标记。如下所示：
contact_form.html
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC >
<html>
<head>
<title>Contact us</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Contact us</h1>
{% if errors %}
<ul>
{% for error in errors %}
<li>{{ error }}</li>
{% endfor %}
</ul>
{% endif %}
<form action="/contact/" method="post">
<p>Subject: <input type="text" name="subject" value="{{ subject }}"></p>
<p>Your e-mail (optional): <input type="text" name="email" value="{{ email }}"></p>
<p>Message: <textarea name="message" rows="10" cols="50">{{ message }}</textarea></p>
<input type="submit" value="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
3. 在 view.py 中的 render_to_response 中，不使用 RequestContext 。如下所示：
view.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from django.core.mail import send_mail
from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from django.template import RequestContext
def contact(request):
errors = []
if request.method == 'POST':
if not request.POST.get('subject', ''):
errors.append('Enter a subject.')
if not request.POST.get('message', ''):
errors.append('Enter a message.')
if request.POST.get('email') and '@' not in request.POST['email']:
errors.append('Enter a valid e‐mail address.')
if not errors:
send_mail(
request.POST['subject'],
request.POST['message'],
request.POST.get('email', '[email protected]'),
['[email protected]'],
)
return HttpResponseRedirect('/contact/thanks/')
return render_to_response('contact_form.html', {
'errors': errors,
'subject': request.POST.get('subject', ''),
'message': request.POST.get('message', ''),
'email': request.POST.get('email', ''),
})
重新运行，测试成功！
时间： 2025-01-10 08:15:24