算法(Algorithm):STL算法主要由头文件<algorithm>,<numeric>和<functional>组成
<algorithm> 比较、交换、查找、遍历、复制、修改、反转、排序、合并等等算法
<numeric> 只包括几个在序列上进行数学运算的模板函数,加法、乘法等
<functional> 定义了一些模板类,用于声明函数对象
查找算法:
_FwdIt adjacent_find(_FwdIt _First, _FwdIt _Last) //查找标志范围内一对相邻重复元素,如果找到返回指向第一个元素迭代器,未找到返回迭代器等于_Last
1 inline void _adjacent_find() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecInt; 4 vecInt.push_back(1); 5 vecInt.push_back(3); 6 vecInt.push_back(2); 7 vecInt.push_back(2); 8 vecInt.push_back(5); 9 10 vector<int>::iterator it = adjacent_find(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end()); 11 if(it != vecInt.end()) 12 { 13 cout<<"ok,Find"<<endl; //cout 14 }else 15 { 16 cout<<"Error,NotFind"<<endl; 17 } 18 19 list<int> listInt; 20 listInt.push_back(1); 21 listInt.push_back(3); 22 listInt.push_back(2); 23 listInt.push_back(1); 24 listInt.push_back(2); 25 26 list<int>::iterator itList = adjacent_find(listInt.begin(), listInt.end()); 27 if(itList != listInt.end()) 28 { 29 cout<<"ok,Find"<<endl; 30 }else 31 { 32 cout<<"Error,NotFind"<<endl; //cout 33 } 34 35 getchar(); 36 }
adjacent_find()
bool binary_search(_FwdIt _First, _FwdIt _Last, const _Ty& _Val) //在有序序列中查找val,找到返回ture.注意:无序序列中,不可使用
1 inline void _binary_search() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecInt; 4 vecInt.push_back(1); 5 vecInt.push_back(3); 6 vecInt.push_back(5); 7 vecInt.push_back(7); 8 vecInt.push_back(9); 9 10 bool bFind = binary_search(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(), 3); //bFind = true 11 bool bFind_1 = binary_search(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(), 8); //bFind_1 = false 12 13 getchar(); 14 };
binary_search
count(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, const _Ty& _Val) //在有序序列中查找val,返回相同元素个数
1 inline void _count() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecInt; 4 vecInt.push_back(1); 5 vecInt.push_back(2); 6 vecInt.push_back(2); 7 vecInt.push_back(4); 8 vecInt.push_back(2); 9 int nCount = count(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(), 2); //nCount = 3 10 int nCount_1 = count(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(), 6); //nCount = 0 11 12 getchar(); 13 }
count
count_if(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Pr _Pred) //与_count()功能相同,不同在于统计条件使用函数对象进行判断
1 bool GreaterEqualThree(int nNum) 2 { 3 if(nNum >=3) 4 { 5 return true; 6 }else 7 { 8 return false; 9 } 10 } 11 inline void _count_if() 12 { 13 vector<int> vecInt; 14 vecInt.push_back(1); 15 vecInt.push_back(2); 16 vecInt.push_back(2); 17 vecInt.push_back(4); 18 vecInt.push_back(2); 19 vecInt.push_back(5); 20 //统计vecInt中元素值大于等于3的元素个数 21 int nCount = count_if(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(), GreaterEqualThree); //nCount=2 22 23 getchar(); 24 }
count_if
iterator find(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, const _Ty& _Val) //在标志范围内的元素进行查找val,返回找到的第一个元素迭代器
1 inline void _find() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecInt; 4 vecInt.push_back(1); 5 vecInt.push_back(2); 6 vecInt.push_back(2); 7 vecInt.push_back(4); 8 vecInt.push_back(2); 9 vecInt.push_back(5); 10 11 vector<int>::iterator it = find(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(),2); 12 13 getchar(); 14 }
find()
iterator find_if(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Pr _Pred) //与_find()功能相同,不同在于查找条件使用函数对象进行判断
1 bool GreaterThree(int nNum) 2 { 3 if(nNum > 3) 4 { 5 return true; 6 }else 7 { 8 return false; 9 } 10 } 11 inline void _find_if() 12 { 13 vector<int> vecInt; 14 vecInt.push_back(1); 15 vecInt.push_back(2); 16 vecInt.push_back(2); 17 vecInt.push_back(4); 18 vecInt.push_back(2); 19 vecInt.push_back(5); 20 //查找大于3的第一个迭代器 21 vector<int>::iterator it = find_if(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(),GreaterThree); 22 23 getchar(); 24 }
find_if()
排序算法:
_OutIt merge(_InIt1 _First1, _InIt1 _Last1,_InIt2 _First2, _InIt2 _Last2, _OutIt _Dest) //合并二个容器中的元素到Dest容器中
注意:Dest容器需要设置足够大的空间用于存储新元素
1 inline void _merge() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(1); 5 vecIntA.push_back(3); 6 vecIntA.push_back(5); 7 vecIntA.push_back(7); 8 vecIntA.push_back(9); 9 10 vector<int> vecIntB; 11 vecIntB.push_back(2); 12 vecIntB.push_back(4); 13 vecIntB.push_back(6); 14 vecIntB.push_back(8); 15 16 vector<int> vecInResult; 17 vecInResult.resize(9); //设置大小用足容合并过的新元素 18 merge(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(), vecIntB.begin(), vecIntB.end(), vecInResult.begin()); 19 vector<int>::iterator it = vecInResult.begin(); 20 for (it; it!=vecInResult.end(); ++it) 21 { 22 cout<<*it<<" "; 23 } 24 //1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 25 getchar(); 26 }
merge()
void sort(_RanIt _First, _RanIt _Last)
void sort(_RanIt _First, _RanIt _Last, _Pr _Pred)
1 class CStudent 2 { 3 public: 4 CStudent(int nID, string strName) 5 { 6 this->m_nID = nID; 7 this->m_strName = strName; 8 } 9 ~CStudent(){} 10 11 public: 12 int m_nID; 13 string m_strName; 14 }; 15 bool Compare(CStudent &stu1, CStudent &stu2) 16 { 17 return stu1.m_nID<stu2.m_nID; 18 } 19 inline void _sort() 20 { 21 vector<int> vecIntA; 22 vecIntA.push_back(3); 23 vecIntA.push_back(2); 24 vecIntA.push_back(1); 25 vecIntA.push_back(5); 26 vecIntA.push_back(7); 27 28 sort(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end()); 29 vector<int>::iterator it = vecIntA.begin(); 30 31 for (it; it!=vecIntA.end(); ++it) 32 { 33 cout<<*it<<" "; 34 } 35 //1 2 3 5 7 36 37 cout<<endl; 38 39 vector<CStudent> vecStu; 40 vecStu.push_back(CStudent(2,"老二")); 41 vecStu.push_back(CStudent(1,"老大")); 42 vecStu.push_back(CStudent(3,"老三")); 43 vecStu.push_back(CStudent(4,"老四")); 44 sort(vecStu.begin(), vecStu.end(), Compare); 45 vector<CStudent>::iterator itVecStu = vecStu.begin(); 46 for (itVecStu; itVecStu!=vecStu.end(); ++itVecStu) 47 { 48 cout<<itVecStu->m_nID<<":"<<itVecStu->m_strName.c_str()<<endl; 49 } 50 /* 51 1:老大 52 2:老二 53 3:老三 54 4:老四*/ 55 56 getchar(); 57 }
sort
void random_shuffle(_RanIt _First, _RanIt _Last) //对容器中的元素使用随机排序, 注意:使用前需要设置随机种子srand(time(0));
1 inline void _random_shuffle() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(1); 5 vecIntA.push_back(2); 6 vecIntA.push_back(3); 7 vecIntA.push_back(4); 8 vecIntA.push_back(5); 9 10 srand((unsigned int)time(0)); //设置个随机种子 11 random_shuffle(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end()); 12 13 getchar(); 14 }
random_shuffle()
拷贝和替换算法 :
_OutIt copy(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last,_OutIt _Dest) //把源容器中的元素复制到Dest容器中
注意:Dest容器需要设置足够大的空间用于存储新元素
1 inline void _copy() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(3); 5 vecIntA.push_back(2); 6 vecIntA.push_back(1); 7 vecIntA.push_back(5); 8 vecIntA.push_back(7); 9 10 vector<int> vecIntB; 11 vecIntB.resize(vecIntA.size()); 12 copy(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(), vecIntB.begin()); 13 vector<int>::iterator it = vecIntB.begin(); 14 for (it; it!=vecIntB.end(); ++it) 15 { 16 cout<<*it<<" "; 17 } 18 19 getchar(); 20 }
copy()
void replace(_FwdIt _First, _FwdIt _Last,const _Ty& _Oldval, const _Ty& _Newval) //用新的元素替换容器中指定元素
1 inline void _replace() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(3); 5 vecIntA.push_back(2); 6 vecIntA.push_back(2); 7 vecIntA.push_back(2); 8 vecIntA.push_back(7); 9 //把容器中所有元素为2的替换为8 10 replace(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(), 2, 8); 11 vector<int>::iterator it = vecIntA.begin(); 12 for (it; it!=vecIntA.end(); ++it) 13 { 14 cout<<*it<<" "; 15 } 16 //3 8 8 8 7 17 18 getchar(); 19 }
replace()
void replace_if(_FwdIt _First, _FwdIt _Last, _Pr _Pred, const _Ty& _Val) //与_replace()功能相同,不同在于替换条件使用函数对象进行判断
1 bool GreaterEqualTwo(int nNum) 2 { 3 if(nNum >= 2) 4 { 5 return true; 6 } 7 return false; 8 } 9 inline void _replace_if() 10 { 11 vector<int> vecIntA; 12 vecIntA.push_back(3); 13 vecIntA.push_back(1); 14 vecIntA.push_back(1); 15 vecIntA.push_back(1); 16 vecIntA.push_back(7); 17 //把容器中所有>=2的元素替换为8 18 replace_if(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(),GreaterEqualTwo,8); 19 vector<int>::iterator it = vecIntA.begin(); 20 for (it; it!=vecIntA.end(); ++it) 21 { 22 cout<<*it<<" "; 23 } 24 //8 1 1 1 8 25 26 getchar(); 27 }
replace_if()
void fill(_FwdIt _First, _FwdIt _Last, const _Ty& _Val) //与replace()单一替换不同,fill可以批量替换容器中所有的元素
1 inline void _fill() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(3); 5 vecIntA.push_back(2); 6 vecIntA.push_back(2); 7 vecIntA.push_back(2); 8 vecIntA.push_back(7); 9 10 fill(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(), 0); 11 12 getchar(); 13 }
fill()
void swap(vector<_Ty, _Alloc>& _Left, vector<_Ty, _Alloc>& _Right) //把二个容器进行交换,注意:交换后容器的size和resize都会发生改变
1 inline void _swap() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(3); 5 vecIntA.push_back(2); 6 vecIntA.push_back(1); 7 vecIntA.push_back(5); 8 vecIntA.push_back(7); 9 10 vector<int> vecIntB; 11 swap(vecIntA,vecIntB); 12 13 vector<int>::iterator itA = vecIntA.begin(); 14 vector<int>::iterator itB = vecIntB.begin(); 15 16 cout<<"vecIntA"<<endl; 17 for (itA; itA!=vecIntA.end(); ++itA) 18 { 19 cout<<*itA<<" "; 20 } 21 cout<<"vecIntB"<<endl; 22 for (itB; itB!=vecIntB.end(); ++itB) 23 { 24 cout<<*itB<<" "; 25 } 26 27 getchar(); 28 }
swap()
算术算法:
int accumulate(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Ty _Val) //把指定范围内元素进行相加,最后再把结果加上Val,返回最终的结果
1 inline void _accumulate() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(1); 5 vecIntA.push_back(3); 6 vecIntA.push_back(5); 7 vecIntA.push_back(7); 8 vecIntA.push_back(9); 9 10 int nTotal = accumulate(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(), 100); //125 11 12 getchar(); 13 }
accumulate()
集合算法:
_OutIt set_union(_InIt1 _First1, _InIt1 _Last1,_InIt2 _First2, _InIt2 _Last2, _OutIt _Dest) //二个容器并集后赋值给新容器,新容器中包含二个容器中所有元素,但是不会包含重复相同的部份.resize剩余部份以默认值0填充
注意:Dest容器需要设置足够大的空间用于存储新元素
1 inline void set_union() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(1); 5 vecIntA.push_back(3); 6 vecIntA.push_back(5); 7 vecIntA.push_back(7); 8 vecIntA.push_back(9); 9 10 vector<int> vecIntB; 11 vecIntB.push_back(1); 12 vecIntB.push_back(3); 13 vecIntB.push_back(5); 14 vecIntB.push_back(6); 15 vecIntB.push_back(8); 16 17 vector<int> vecIntC; 18 vecIntC.resize(10); 19 set_union(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(), vecIntB.begin(), vecIntB.end(), vecIntC.begin()); 20 for (size_t i = 0; i<vecIntC.size(); ++i) 21 { 22 cout<<vecIntC[i]<<" "; 23 } 24 //1 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 25 getchar(); 26 }
set_union
_OutIt set_intersection(_InIt1 _First1, _InIt1 _Last1,_InIt2 _First2, _InIt2 _Last2, _OutIt _Dest) //二个容器交集赋值给新容器,新容器中仅包含二个容器中相同的部份,resize剩余部份以默认值0填充
1 inline void set_intersection() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(1); 5 vecIntA.push_back(3); 6 vecIntA.push_back(5); 7 vecIntA.push_back(7); 8 vecIntA.push_back(9); 9 10 vector<int> vecIntB; 11 vecIntB.push_back(1); 12 vecIntB.push_back(3); 13 vecIntB.push_back(5); 14 vecIntB.push_back(6); 15 vecIntB.push_back(8); 16 17 vector<int> vecIntC; 18 vecIntC.resize(10); 19 set_intersection(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(), vecIntB.begin(), vecIntB.end(), vecIntC.begin()); 20 for (size_t i = 0; i<vecIntC.size(); ++i) 21 { 22 cout<<vecIntC[i]<<" "; 23 } 24 //1 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 getchar(); 26 }
set_intersection()
_OutIt set_difference(_InIt1 _First1, _InIt1 _Last1,_InIt2 _First2, _InIt2 _Last2,_OutIt _Dest) //二个容器差集赋值给新容器,新容器中仅包含二个容器中不相同部份,resize剩余部份以默认值0填充
1 inline void set_difference() 2 { 3 vector<int> vecIntA; 4 vecIntA.push_back(1); 5 vecIntA.push_back(3); 6 vecIntA.push_back(5); 7 vecIntA.push_back(7); 8 vecIntA.push_back(9); 9 10 vector<int> vecIntB; 11 vecIntB.push_back(1); 12 vecIntB.push_back(3); 13 vecIntB.push_back(5); 14 vecIntB.push_back(6); 15 vecIntB.push_back(8); 16 17 vector<int> vecIntC; 18 vecIntC.resize(10); 19 set_difference(vecIntA.begin(), vecIntA.end(), vecIntB.begin(), vecIntB.end(), vecIntC.begin()); 20 for (size_t i = 0; i<vecIntC.size(); ++i) 21 { 22 cout<<vecIntC[i]<<" "; 23 } 24 //7 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 getchar(); 26 };
set_difference()
遍历算法:
_Fn1 for_each(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last, _Fn1 _Func) //根据函数对象进行遍历容器
1 void ShowOut(const int &item) 2 { 3 cout<<item<<" "; 4 } 5 inline void _for_each() 6 { 7 int nArray[] = {0,1,2,3,4}; 8 vector<int> vecInt(nArray, nArray+5); 9 for_each(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(), ShowOut); 10 11 getchar(); 12 }
for_each()
_OutIt transform(_InIt _First, _InIt _Last,_OutIt _Dest, _Fn1 _Func) //根据函数对象进行遍历容器,可以通过函数对象返回的值对容器中的元素进行修改
1 int AddOne(const int &item) 2 { 3 return item+1; 4 } 5 inline void _transform() 6 { 7 int nArray[] = {1,3,5,7,9}; 8 vector<int> vecInt(nArray, nArray+5); 9 transform(vecInt.begin(), vecInt.end(), vecInt.begin(), AddOne); 10 for_each(vecInt.begin(),vecInt.end(),ShowOut); 11 //2 4 6 8 10 12 getchar(); 13 };
transform
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/fzxiaoyi/p/12112637.html