专职DBA-基于MHA高可用搭建MySQL读写分离架构-Atlas 1.Atlas介绍
Atlas是由Qihoo360，Web平台部基础架构团队开发维护的一个基于MySQL协议的数据中间层项目。
它是在mysql-proxy-0.8.2版本的基础上，对其进行了优化，增加了一些新的功能特性。
360内部使用Atlas运行的mysql业务，每天承载的读写请求数达几十亿条。
下载地址：https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases
注意：
1.Atlas只能安装运行在64位的系统上。
2.版本
CentOS-5.x安装Atlas-xx.el5.x86_64.rpm
CentOS-6.x安装Atlas-xx.el6.x86_64.rpm
3.后端mysql版本应大于5.1，建议使用mysql-5.6以上。
2.安装配置
[[email protected] ~]# wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/2.2.1/Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# wget https://github.com/Qihoo360/Atlas/releases/download/sharding-1.0.1/Atlas-sharding_1.0.1-el6.x86_64.rpm
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef | grep masterha
root 8560 6706 0 19:40 pts/0 00:00:00 perl /usr/bin/masterha_manager --global_conf=/etc/masterha/masterha_default.conf --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.conf
root 8647 6706 0 19:42 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto masterha
[[email protected] ~]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.conf
app1 (pid:8560) is running(0:PING_OK), master:10.0.0.11
[[email protected] ~]# masterha_check_repl --global_conf=/etc/masterha/masterha_default.conf --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.conf
Fri Jul 26 19:43:16 2019 - [info] Reading default configuration from /etc/masterha/masterha_default.conf..
Fri Jul 26 19:43:16 2019 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.conf..
Fri Jul 26 19:43:16 2019 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/masterha/app1.conf..
Fri Jul 26 19:43:16 2019 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.58.
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] GTID failover mode = 1
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Dead Servers:
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Alive Servers:
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.12(10.0.0.12:3306)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.13(10.0.0.13:3306)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.12(10.0.0.12:3306) Version=5.7.26-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] GTID ON
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Replicating from 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] 10.0.0.13(10.0.0.13:3306) Version=5.7.26-log (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] GTID ON
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Replicating from 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Current Alive Master: 10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 10.0.0.12(10.0.0.12:3306).
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] read_only=1 is not set on slave 10.0.0.13(10.0.0.13:3306).
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is supported. Skipping all SSH and Node package checking.
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master..
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 10.0.0.11 is reachable.
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info]
10.0.0.11(10.0.0.11:3306) (current master)
+--10.0.0.12(10.0.0.12:3306)
+--10.0.0.13(10.0.0.13:3306)
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking replication health on 10.0.0.12..
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] ok.
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking replication health on 10.0.0.13..
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] ok.
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Checking master_ip_failover_script status:
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] /etc/masterha/master_ip_failover --command=status --ssh_user=root --orig_master_host=10.0.0.11 --orig_master_ip=10.0.0.11 --orig_master_port=3306
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] OK.
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Fri Jul 26 19:43:18 2019 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is OK.
[[email protected] ~]# ip addr show bond0
6: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a1:4c:f7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.0.0.11/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global bond0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 10.0.0.15/32 scope global bond0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea1:4cf7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -ivh Atlas-2.2.1.el6.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
1:Atlas-2.2.1-1 ################################# [100%]
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# ls -l
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2810 Dec 17 2014 test.cnf
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# mv test.cnf test.cnf.bak
看一下默认配置文件
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# cat test.cnf.bak
[mysql-proxy]
#带#号的为非必需的配置项目
#管理接口的用户名
admin-username = user
#管理接口的密码
admin-password = pwd
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL主库的IP和端口，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
proxy-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3306
#Atlas后端连接的MySQL从库的IP和端口，@后面的数字代表权重，用来作负载均衡，若省略则默认为1，可设置多项，用逗号分隔
#proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 127.0.0.1:3305@1
#用户名与其对应的加密过的MySQL密码，密码使用PREFIX/bin目录下的加密程序encrypt加密，下行的user1和user2为示例，将其替换为你的MySQL的用户名和加密密码！
pwds = user1:+jKsgB3YAG8=, user2:GS+tr4TPgqc=
#设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时为守护进程方式，设为false时为前台方式，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
daemon = true
#设置Atlas的运行方式，设为true时Atlas会启动两个进程，一个为monitor，一个为worker，monitor在worker意外退出后会自动将其重启，设为false时只有worker，没有monitor，一般开发调试时设为false，线上运行时设为true,true后面不能有空格。
keepalive = true
#工作线程数，对Atlas的性能有很大影响，可根据情况适当设置
event-threads = 8
#日志级别，分为message、warning、critical、error、debug五个级别
log-level = message
#日志存放的路径
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
#SQL日志的开关，可设置为OFF、ON、REALTIME，OFF代表不记录SQL日志，ON代表记录SQL日志，REALTIME代表记录SQL日志且实时写入磁盘，默认为OFF
#sql-log = OFF
#慢日志输出设置。当设置了该参数时，则日志只输出执行时间超过sql-log-slow（单位：ms)的日志记录。不设置该参数则输出全部日志。
#sql-log-slow = 10
#实例名称，用于同一台机器上多个Atlas实例间的区分
#instance = test
#Atlas监听的工作接口IP和端口
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:1234
#Atlas监听的管理接口IP和端口
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
#分表设置，此例中person为库名，mt为表名，id为分表字段，3为子表数量，可设置多项，以逗号分隔，若不分表则不需要设置该项
#tables = person.mt.id.3
#默认字符集，设置该项后客户端不再需要执行SET NAMES语句
#charset = utf8
#允许连接Atlas的客户端的IP，可以是精确IP，也可以是IP段，以逗号分隔，若不设置该项则允许所有IP连接，否则只允许列表中的IP连接
#client-ips = 127.0.0.1, 192.168.1
#Atlas前面挂接的LVS的物理网卡的IP(注意不是虚IP)，若有LVS且设置了client-ips则此项必须设置，否则可以不设置
#lvs-ips = 192.168.1.1
制作加密密码
因为我的repl账户和mha账户密码都是123
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123
3yb5jEku5h4=
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# vim test.cnf
[mysql-proxy]
admin-username = user
admin-password = pwd
proxy-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.15:3306
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses = 10.0.0.12:3306,10.0.0.13:3306
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:3yb5jEku5h4=
daemon = true
keepalive = true
event-threads = 8
log-level = message
log-path = /usr/local/mysql-proxy/log
sql-log=ON
proxy-address = 0.0.0.0:33060
admin-address = 0.0.0.0:2345
charset=utf8
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test start
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
[[email protected] ~]# ps -ef | grep proxy
root 9246 1 0 19:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
root 9247 9246 0 19:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy --defaults-file=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/test.cnf
root 9271 6706 0 19:58 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto proxy
[[email protected] ~]# ss -tunlp | grep proxy
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:2345 *:* users:(("mysql-proxy",pid=9247,fd=9))
tcp LISTEN 0 128 *:33060 *:* users:(("mysql-proxy",pid=9247,fd=10))
[[email protected] ~]# netstat -tunlp | grep proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:2345 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9247/mysql-proxy
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:33060 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 9247/mysql-proxy
3.Atlas功能测试
Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]
版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Users\zhouwanchun>mysql -umha -p -h 10.0.0.14 -P33060
Enter password: ***
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
(1).测试读操作
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 123306 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 133306 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 123306 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @@server_id;
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 133306 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(2).测试写操作
mysql> begin;select @@server_id;commit;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
+-------------+
| @@server_id |
+-------------+
| 113306 |
+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit;
Bye
C:\Users\zhouwanchun>
4.生产用户要求
开发人员申请一个应用：
用户：app（insert,update,select）
密码：123
要通过10.0.0.% 网段登录
(1).在主库中创建用户app
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql.sock -p
Enter password:
db01 [(none)]> create user ‘app‘@‘10.0.0.%‘ identified by ‘123‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
db01 [(none)]> grant insert,update,select on *.* to ‘app‘@‘10.0.0.%‘;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
db01 [(none)]> show grants for ‘app‘@‘10.0.0.%‘;
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for app@10.0.0.% |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE ON *.* TO ‘app‘@‘10.0.0.%‘ |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
(2).在Atlas中添加生产用户
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/encrypt 123
3yb5jEku5h4=
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# vim test.cnf
pwds = repl:3yb5jEku5h4=,mha:3yb5jEku5h4=,app:3yb5jEku5h4=
[[email protected] ~]# /usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxyd test restart
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is stopped
OK: MySQL-Proxy of test is started
Microsoft Windows [版本 6.1.7601]
版权所有 (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。
C:\Users\zhouwanchun>mysql -uapp -p -h 10.0.0.14 -P33060
Enter password: ***
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.0.81-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
mysql> exit;
Bye
5.Atlas基本管理
连接管理接口
基于密钥连接服务器db04
# ssh root@10.0.0.14
[[email protected] ~]# mysql -uuser -ppwd -h 127.0.0.1 -P2345
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.0.99-agent-admin
Copyright (c) 2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
db04 [(none)]>
打印帮助
db04 [(none)]> select * from help;
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| command | description |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| SELECT * FROM help | shows this help |
| SELECT * FROM backends | lists the backends and their state |
| SET OFFLINE $backend_id | offline backend server, $backend_id is backend_ndx‘s id |
| SET ONLINE $backend_id | online backend server, ... |
| ADD MASTER $backend | example: "add master 127.0.0.1:3306", ... |
| ADD SLAVE $backend | example: "add slave 127.0.0.1:3306", ... |
| REMOVE BACKEND $backend_id | example: "remove backend 1", ... |
| SELECT * FROM clients | lists the clients |
| ADD CLIENT $client | example: "add client 192.168.1.2", ... |
| REMOVE CLIENT $client | example: "remove client 192.168.1.2", ... |
| SELECT * FROM pwds | lists the pwds |
| ADD PWD $pwd | example: "add pwd user:raw_password", ... |
| ADD ENPWD $pwd | example: "add enpwd user:encrypted_password", ... |
| REMOVE PWD $pwd | example: "remove pwd user", ... |
| SAVE CONFIG | save the backends to config file |
| SELECT VERSION | display the version of Atlas |
+----------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
16 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查询后端所有节点信息
db04 [(none)]> select * from backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.15:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.12:3306 | up | ro |
| 3 | 10.0.0.13:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
动态删除节点
db04 [(none)]> remove backend 3;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
保存配置到配置文件
db04 [(none)]> save config;
Empty set (0.01 sec)
db04 [(none)]> select * from backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.15:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.12:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[[email protected] ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf/
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# grep "addresses" test.cnf
proxy-backend-addresses=10.0.0.15:3306
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.0.0.12:3306
动态添加节点
db04 [(none)]> add slave 10.0.0.13:3306;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
db04 [(none)]> save config;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
db04 [(none)]> select * from backends;
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| backend_ndx | address | state | type |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
| 1 | 10.0.0.15:3306 | up | rw |
| 2 | 10.0.0.12:3306 | up | ro |
| 3 | 10.0.0.13:3306 | up | ro |
+-------------+----------------+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
[[email protected] /usr/local/mysql-proxy/conf]# grep "addresses" test.cnf
proxy-backend-addresses=10.0.0.15:3306
proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=10.0.0.12:3306,10.0.0.13:3306
6.自动分表
使用Atlas的分表功能时，首先需要在配置文件test.cnf设置tables参数。
tables参数设置格式：数据库名.表名.分表字段.子表数量
比如：
你的数据库名叫china，表名叫city，分表字段叫id，总共分为2张表。
那么就写为china.city.id.2
如果还有其他的分表，以逗号分隔即可。
7.关于读写分离建议
MySQL-Router ---》MySQL官方
ProxySQL -------》Percona
Maxscale -------》MariaDB
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhouwanchun/p/11249584.html
时间： 2024-11-09 03:50:41