双节点(nginx+keepalived)为两台apache服务器提供负载均衡

说明：本实验为双节点nginx为两台apache服务器提供负载均衡，本文不是做lvs，所以realserver不是配置在keepalived.conf而是在nginx的配置文件中upstream。
此架构需考虑的问题：
1）Master没挂，则Master占有vip且nginx运行在Master上
2）Master挂了，则backup抢占vip且在backup上运行nginx服务
3）如果master服务器上的nginx服务挂了，则vip资源转移到backup服务器上
4）检测后端服务器的健康状态
Master和Backup两边都开启nginx服务，无论Master还是Backup，当其中的一个keepalived服务停止后，vip都会漂移到keepalived服务还在的节点上，如果要想使nginx服务挂了，vip也漂移到另一个节点，则必须用脚本或者在配置文件里面用shell命令来控制。

配置步骤如下
1.初始化4台测试server，该关的关了

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/hosts
192.168.1.200   ng-vip
192.168.1.101   ng-master
192.168.1.102   ng-slave
192.168.1.161   web1
192.168.1.162   web2

[[email protected] ~]# yum clean all
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service
[[email protected] ~]# sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config

2.配置web1,web2的apache服务，两台一样的方法

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable httpd
ln -s ‘/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service‘ ‘/etc/systemd/system/multiuser.target.wants/httpd.service‘
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
hello this lvs-web1

[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install httpd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl start httpd
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl enable httpd
ln -s ‘/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service‘ ‘/etc/systemd/system/multiuser.target.wants/httpd.service‘
[[email protected] ~]# cat /var/www/html/index.html
hello this lvs-web2

3.通过yum安装配置nginx节点，两台一样的方法

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[[email protected] ~]# yum clean all
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install nginx
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
<h1>Welcome to ng-master!</h1>
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[[email protected] conf.d]# mv default.conf default.conf.1
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/web.conf
    upstream myapp1 {
        server web1;
        server web2;
    }

    server {
        listen 80;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://myapp1;
        }
    }
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service

[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[nginx]
name=nginx repo
baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/x86_64/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
[[email protected] ~]# yum clean all
[[email protected] ~]# yum -y install nginx
[[email protected] ~]# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
<h1>Welcome to ng-master!</h1>
[[email protected] ~]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[[email protected] conf.d]# mv default.conf default.conf.1
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/web.conf
    upstream myapp1 {
        server web1;
        server web2;
    }
    server {
        listen 80;

        location / {
            proxy_pass http://myapp1;
        }
    }
[[email protected] ~]# systemctl restart nginx.service

4.在主nginx服务器上安装keepalived，并配置nginx服务健康检测脚本

[[email protected] conf.d]# yum -y install keepalived
[[email protected] conf.d]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[[email protected] keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.1
[[email protected] keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     [email protected]
   }
   notification_email_from [email protected]
   smtp_server smtp.mail.com
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id HA_MASTER1  #表示运行keepalived服务器的一个标识，发邮件时显示在邮件主题中的信息
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/usr/local/keepalived/nginx.sh" ####检测nginx状态的脚本链接
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {   #vrrp实例
    state MASTER     #MASTER/BACKUP
    interface eno16777736    ####HA 监测网络接口
    virtual_router_id 51  #虚拟路由标识，是一个数字，同一个VRRP实例使用唯一的标识,master和backup要一样
    priority 100          #用于主从模式，优先级主高于100，从低于100
    advert_int 1           #主备之间的通告间隔秒数
    authentication {        #认证用于主从模式，mater和backup配置一样
        auth_type PASS          ###主备切换时的验证
        auth_pass 1111          #密码
    }
track_script {
chk_http_port ### 执行监控的服务
}
    virtual_ipaddress {

 192.168.1.200/24 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:1   ###########虚拟ip
    }
}
[[email protected] keepalived]# mkdir -p /usr/local/keepalived
[[email protected] keepalived]# vim /usr/local/keepalived/nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
killall keepalived
fi
[[email protected] keepalived]# chmod 755 /usr/local/keepalived/nginx.sh
[[email protected] keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[[email protected] keepalived]# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:6f3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:fe:06:f3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

eno16777736:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 00:0c:29:fe:06:f3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

5.在备nginx服务器上安装keepalived，并配置nginx服务健康检测脚本，与主略有不同

[[email protected] conf.d]# yum -y install keepalived
[[email protected] conf.d]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[[email protected] keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf keepalived.conf.1
[[email protected] keepalived]# vim keepalived.conf
global_defs {
   notification_email {
     [email protected]
   }
   notification_email_from [email protected]
   smtp_server smtp.mail.com
   smtp_connect_timeout 30
   router_id HA_MASTER1  #表示运行keepalived服务器的一个标识，发邮件时显示在邮件主题中的信息
}
vrrp_script chk_http_port {
script "/usr/local/keepalived/nginx.sh" ####检测nginx状态的脚本链接
interval 2
weight 2
}
vrrp_instance VI_2 {   #vrrp实例
    state BACKUP     #MASTER/BACKUP
    interface eno16777736    ####HA 监测网络接口
    virtual_router_id 51  #虚拟路由标识，是一个数字，同一个VRRP实例使用唯一的标识,master和backup要一样
    priority 80          #用于主从模式，优先级主高于100，从低于100
    advert_int 1           #主备之间的通告间隔秒数
    authentication {        #认证用于主从模式，mater和backup配置一样
        auth_type PASS          ###主备切换时的验证
        auth_pass 1111          #密码
    }
track_script {
chk_http_port ### 执行监控的服务
}
    virtual_ipaddress {

 192.168.1.200/24 dev eno16777736 label eno16777736:1   ###########虚拟ip
    }
}
[[email protected] keepalived]# mkdir -p /usr/local/keepalived
[[email protected] keepalived]# vim /usr/local/keepalived/nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ `ps -C nginx --no-header |wc -l` -eq 0 ];then
killall keepalived
fi
[[email protected] keepalived]# chmod 755 /usr/local/keepalived/nginx.sh
[[email protected] keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[[email protected] keepalived]# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.102  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:fd0e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:87:fd:0e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

6.测试：通过浏览器访问测试http://192.168.1.200/，可发现流量在web1和web2之间跳转.

6.1测试关闭主nginx节点上的keepalived服务器，发绑定的vip在主节点消失

[[email protected] keepalived]# systemctl stop keepalived.service
[[email protected] keepalived]# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:6f3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:fe:06:f3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

vip在却在备节点上出现
[[email protected] keepalived]# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.102  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe87:fd0e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:87:fd:0e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

eno16777736:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 00:0c:29:87:fd:0e  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

通过浏览器访问测试http://192.168.1.200/，可发现流量依然在web1和web2之间跳转。

6.2再次启动主节点的keepalived服务，发现vip又重新漂移会主节点

[[email protected] keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived.service
[[email protected] keepalived]# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:6f3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:fe:06:f3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

eno16777736:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.200  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 00:0c:29:fe:06:f3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
通过浏览器访问测试http://192.168.1.200/，可发现流量依然在web1和web2之间跳转。

6.3关闭nginx主节点上的nginx服务，发现vip从主节点消失，keepalived服务关闭，vip在备节点上出现。

[[email protected] keepalived]# systemctl stop nginx.service
[[email protected] keepalived]# ifconfig -a
eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.101  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fefe:6f3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:fe:06:f3  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

[[email protected] keepalived]# systemctl status keepalived
keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)

通过浏览器访问测试http://192.168.1.200/，可发现流量依然在web1和web2之间跳转。

6.4再次启动主节点的nginx和keepalived服务后，VIP又漂回主节点。

[[email protected] keepalived]# systemctl start nginx.service
[[email protected] keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
通过浏览器访问测试http://192.168.1.200/，可发现流量依然在web1和web2之间跳转。

参考：

http://www.linuxdiyf.com/linux/12955.html
http://nginx.org/en/linux_packages.html
http://blog.csdn.net/e421083458/article/details/30086413
http://my.oschina.net/u/1458120/blog/208740

时间： 2024-10-11 17:48:05

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