本经验均在CentOS release 6.7 (Final)下操作： 用ls 命令查看目录/var显示： # ls /var/ account crash db games local log nis preserve spool yp cache cvs empty lib lock mail opt run tmp 为了更直观的显示文件目录，我们用tree命令来显示：
# yum install tree Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Setting up Install Process base | 3.7 kB 00:00 base/primary_db | 4.7 MB 02:22 extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 extras/primary_db | 37 kB 00:00 updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 updates/primary_db | 89 kB 00:01 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package tree.x86_64 0:1.5.3-3.el6 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================== Installing: tree x86_64 1.5.3-3.el6 base 36 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 36 k Installed size: 65 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64.rpm | 36 kB 00:00 warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE: Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <[email protected]> Package: centos-release-6-7.el6.centos.12.3.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201508042137.x86_64/6.7) From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6 Is this ok [y/N]: y Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : tree-1.5.3-3.el6.x86_64 1/1 Installed: tree.x86_64 0:1.5.3-3.el6 Complete!
tree命令安装完毕！
显示/var目录的一级目录和文件：
# tree -L 1 /var /var a”a”a” account a”a”a” cache a”a”a” crash a”a”a” cvs a”a”a” db a”a”a” empty a”a”a” games a”a”a” lib a”a”a” local a”a”a” lock a”a”a” log a”a”a” mail -> spool/mail a”a”a” nis a”a”a” opt a”a”a” preserve a”a”a” run a”a”a” spool a”a”a” tmp a””a”a” yp
19 directories, 0 files
显示乱码，产生乱码的原因就是：当前用户的环境LANG变量与crt的字符编码没有保持一致。
Linux的字符集查看：
# echo $LANG en_US.UTF-8
将CRT的字符集设置UTF-8即可 ：
显示/var目录的一级目录和文件：正常
# tree -L 1 /var /var ├── account ├── cache ├── crash ├── cvs ├── db ├── empty ├── games ├── lib ├── local ├── lock ├── log ├── mail -> spool/mail ├── nis ├── opt ├── preserve ├── run ├── spool ├── tmp └── yp 19 directories, 0 files
tree的系统帮助：
# tree --help usage: tree [-adfghilnpqrstuvxACDFNS] [-H baseHREF] [-T title ] [-L level [-R]] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [-o filename] [--version] [--help] [--inodes] [--device] [--noreport] [--nolinks] [--dirsfirst] [--charset charset] [--filelimit #] [<directory list>] -a All files are listed. -d List directories only. -l Follow symbolic links like directories. -f Print the full path prefix for each file. -i Don‘t print indentation lines. -q Print non-printable characters as ‘?‘. -N Print non-printable characters as is. -p Print the protections for each file. -u Displays file owner or UID number. -g Displays file group owner or GID number. -s Print the size in bytes of each file. -h Print the size in a more human readable way. -D Print the date of last modification. -F Appends ‘/‘, ‘=‘, ‘*‘, or ‘|‘ as per ls -F. -v Sort files alphanumerically by version. -r Sort files in reverse alphanumeric order. -t Sort files by last modification time. -x Stay on current filesystem only. -L level Descend only level directories deep. -A Print ANSI lines graphic indentation lines. -S Print with ASCII graphics indentation lines. -n Turn colorization off always (-C overrides). -C Turn colorization on always. -P pattern List only those files that match the pattern given. -I pattern Do not list files that match the given pattern. -H baseHREF Prints out HTML format with baseHREF as top directory. -T string Replace the default HTML title and H1 header with string. -R Rerun tree when max dir level reached. -o file Output to file instead of stdout. --inodes Print inode number of each file. --device Print device ID number to which each file belongs. --noreport Turn off file/directory count at end of tree listing. --nolinks Turn off hyperlinks in HTML output. --dirsfirst List directories before files. --charset X Use charset X for HTML and indentation line output. --filelimit # Do not descend dirs with more than # files in them.
时间： 2024-10-16 08:36:01