本周作业内容:
1、复制/etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit文件至/tmp目录,将/tmp/rc.sysinit文件中的以至少一个空白字符开头的行的行首加#;
[[email protected] ~]# sed ‘/^[[:space:]]\+/s/\(.*\)/#\1/‘ /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit > /tmp/rc.sysinit [[email protected] ~]# diff /tmp/rc.sysinit /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit #对比原文件 13c13 < # . /etc/sysconfig/network --- > . /etc/sysconfig/network 16c16 < # HOSTNAME=localhost --- > HOSTNAME=localhost 20,21c20,21 < # mount -n -t proc /proc /proc < # mount -n -t sysfs /sys /sys >/dev/null 2>&1 --- > mount -n -t proc /proc /proc > mount -n -t sysfs /sys /sys >/dev/null 2>&1 24c24 < # modprobe usbcore >/dev/null 2>&1 && mount -n -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb --- > modprobe usbcore >/dev/null 2>&1 && mount -n -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb 26c26 < # mount -n -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb --- > mount -n -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb 42,47c42,47 < # if [ -r "/selinux/enforce" ] ; then < # SELINUX_STATE=$(cat "/selinux/enforce") < # else < # # assume enforcing if you can‘t read it < # SELINUX_STATE=1 < # fi --- > if [ -r "/selinux/enforce" ] ; then > SELINUX_STATE=$(cat "/selinux/enforce") > else > # assume enforcing if you can‘t read it > SELINUX_STATE=1 > fi #####ommited#### 661,667c661,667 < # if strstr "$cmdline" netprofile= ; then < # for arg in $cmdline ; do < # if [ "${arg##netprofile=}" != "${arg}" ]; then < # /usr/sbin/system-config-network-cmd --profile ${arg##netprofile=} < # fi < # done < # fi --- > if strstr "$cmdline" netprofile= ; then > for arg in $cmdline ; do > if [ "${arg##netprofile=}" != "${arg}" ]; then > /usr/sbin/system-config-network-cmd --profile ${arg##netprofile=} > fi > done > fi 680c680 < # touch /var/run/confirm --- > touch /var/run/confirm 685c685 < # /bin/plymouth --sysinit --- > /bin/plymouth --sysinit
2、复制/boot/grub/grub.conf至/tmp目录中,删除/tmp/grub.conf文件中的行首的空白字符;
[[email protected] ~]# sed ‘s/^[[:space:]]\+//‘ /boot/grub/grub.conf > /tmp/grub.conf [[email protected] ~]# diff /boot/grub/grub.conf /tmp/grub.conf 15,17c15,17 < root (hd0,0) < kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet vga=0x340 < initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.img --- > root (hd0,0) > kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet vga=0x340 > initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.img
3、删除/tmp/rc.sysinit文件中的以#开头,且后面跟了至少一个空白字符的行
[[email protected] ~]# sed ‘/^#[[:space:]]\+/d‘ /tmp/rc.sysinit #!/bin/bash # # # HOSTNAME=$(/bin/hostname) set -m if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then fi if [ -z "$HOSTNAME" -o "$HOSTNAME" = "(none)" ]; then fi if [ ! -e /proc/mounts ]; then fi if [ ! -d /proc/bus/usb ]; then else fi #remount /dev/shm to set attributes from fstab #669700 mount -n -o remount /dev/shm >/dev/null 2>&1 #remount /proc to set attributes from fstab #984003 mount -n -o remount /proc >/dev/null 2>&1 ###ommited### [ "$PROMPT" != no ] && plymouth --ignore-keystroke=Ii if strstr "$cmdline" confirm ; then fi if [ -x /bin/plymouth ]; then fi
4、为/tmp/grub.conf文件中前三行的行首加#号;
[[email protected] ~]# sed ‘1,3s/^/#/‘ /tmp/grub.conf | diff - /boot/grub/grub.conf 1,3c1,3 < ## grub.conf generated by anaconda < ## < ## Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file --- > # grub.conf generated by anaconda > # > # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file 15,17c15,17 < root (hd0,0) < kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet vga=0x340 < initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.img --- > root (hd0,0) > kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_NO_MD rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_swap SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=auto rd_LVM_LV=VolGroup/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet vga=0x340 > initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-504.el6.x86_64.img
5、将/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo文件中所有的enabled=0或gpgcheck=0的最后的0修改为1;
[[email protected] ~]# sed ‘/\<gpgcheck\>\|\<enabled\>/s/0/1/‘ /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Media.repo # CentOS-Media.repo # # This repo can be used with mounted DVD media, verify the mount point for # CentOS-6. You can use this repo and yum to install items directly off the # DVD ISO that we release. # # To use this repo, put in your DVD and use it with the other repos too: # yum --enablerepo=c6-media [command] # # or for ONLY the media repo, do this: # # yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo=c6-media [command] [c6-media] name=CentOS-$releasever - Media baseurl=file:///media file:///media/cdrom/ file:///media/cdrecorder/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
6、每4小时执行一次对/etc目录的备份,备份至/backup目录中,保存的目录名为形如etc-201608300202
通过crontab -e命令,添加 * */4 * * * /home/shell/backupetc.sh [[email protected] shell]# cat backupetc.sh #!/bin/bash readonly bakupdir=/backup if [ ! -d "$bakupdir" ]; then mkdir $bakupdir fi daybakupdir="${bakupdir}/etc-`date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"`" if [ ! -d "$daybakupdir" ]; then mkdir "$daybakupdir" fi /bin/cp -ru /etc/* "$daybakupdir"
7、每周2,4,6备份/var/log/messages文件至/backup/messages_logs/目录中,保存的文件名形如messages-20160830
通过crontab -e命令,添加 0 0 * * 2,4,6 /home/shell/backuplogs.sh [[email protected] shell]# cat backuplogs.sh #!/bin/bash readonly bakupdir=/backup/messages_logs if [ ! -d "$bakupdir" ]; then mkdir -p $bakupdir fi /bin/cp /var/log/messages $bakupdir/messages-`date +%Y%m%d`
8、每天每两小时取当前系统/proc/meminfo文件中的所有以S开头的信息至/stats/memory.txt文件中
通过crontab -e命令,添加 0 */2 * * * grep ‘^S‘ /proc/meminfo > /stats/memory.txt
9、工作日的工作时间内,每两小时执行一次echo "howdy"
通过crontab -e命令,添加 0 */2 * * 1-5 echo "howdy" # 查看邮件,有howdy输出 [[email protected] ~]# mail Heirloom Mail version 12.4 7/29/08. Type ? for help. "/var/spool/mail/root": 2 messages 2 new >N 1 Cron Daemon Fri Sep 9 08:00 22/734 "Cron <[email protected]> echo "howdy"" N 2 Cron Daemon Fri Sep 9 10:00 22/734 "Cron <[email protected]> echo "howdy"" & 1 Message 1: From [email protected] Fri Sep 9 08:00:01 2016 Return-Path: <[email protected]> X-Original-To: root Delivered-To: [email protected] From: [email protected] (Cron Daemon) To: [email protected] Subject: Cron <[email protected]> echo "howdy" Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Auto-Submitted: auto-generated X-Cron-Env: <LANG=en_US.UTF-8> X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/root> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> Date: Fri, 9 Sep 2016 08:00:01 +0800 (CST) Status: R howdy & 2 Message 2: From [email protected] Fri Sep 9 10:00:02 2016 Return-Path: <[email protected]> X-Original-To: root Delivered-To: [email protected] From: [email protected] (Cron Daemon) To: [email protected] Subject: Cron <[email protected]> echo "howdy" Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Auto-Submitted: auto-generated X-Cron-Env: <LANG=en_US.UTF-8> X-Cron-Env: <SHELL=/bin/sh> X-Cron-Env: <HOME=/root> X-Cron-Env: <PATH=/usr/bin:/bin> X-Cron-Env: <LOGNAME=root> X-Cron-Env: <USER=root> Date: Fri, 9 Sep 2016 10:00:02 +0800 (CST) Status: R howdy & q Held 2 messages in /var/spool/mail/root
脚本编程练习
10、创建目录/tmp/testdir-当前日期时间;
11、在此目录创建100个空文件:file1-file100
12、显示/etc/passwd文件中位于第偶数行的用户的用户名;
13、创建10用户user10-user19;密码同用户名;
14、在/tmp/创建10个空文件file10-file19;
15、把file10的属主和属组改为user10,依次类推。
[[email protected] shell]# cat practice1.sh #!/bin/bash . /etc/init.d/functions readonly pwdfile=/etc/passwd readonly basedir=/tmp datadir="" function task1() { set $(date +"%F %T") local dvar=$1 local tvar=$2 datadir=${datadir:="testdir-$dvar $tvar"} echo "==> executing task1: creating directory $basedir/$datadir" mkdir -pv "$basedir/$datadir" >/dev/null 2>&1 local ret=$? if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then action "making directory $basedir/$datadir" /bin/false action "task1" /bin/false else action "task1" /bin/true fi } function task2() { if [ ! -d "$basedir/$datadir" ]; then echo "the dirctory that we need is not there!" echo "task2 can not be exectued" else echo "==> executing task2: touching 100 empty files now" touch "$basedir/$datadir"/file{1..100} >/dev/null 2>&1 local ret=$? if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then action "touching 100 empty files" /bin/false action "task2" /bin/false else action "task2" /bin/true fi fi } function task3() { echo "==> executing task3: display username in even rows of /etc/passwd file" awk -F‘:‘ ‘{if (NR % 2 == 0) print $1}‘ $pwdfile # or: sed -n ‘n;p‘ /etc/passwd action "task3" /bin/true } function task4() { echo "==> executing task4: add 10 users, using the user name as their password" for user in user{10..19} do useradd $user >/dev/null 2>&1 local ret=$? if [ "$ret" -eq 0 ]; then action "add user $user" /bin/true echo "$user" | passwd --stdin "$user" >/dev/null else action "add user $user" /bin/false fi done } function task5() { echo "==> executing task5: touching 10 empty files" touch "$basedir"/file{10..19} local ret=$? if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then action "touching 10 empty files" /bin/false action "task5" /bin/false else action "task5" /bin/true fi } function task6() { echo "==> executing task6: chage ownership of files" local usrlist=(user{10..19}) local grplist=(${usrlist[*]}) local filelist=(file{10..19}) local arrlen=$[${#filelist[@]}-1] local ret for i in `seq 0 1 $arrlen` do chown ${usrlist[i]}:${grplist[i]} $basedir/${filelist[i]} >/dev/null 2>&1 ret=$? if [ "$ret" -eq 0 ]; then action "change ownship of file $basedir/${filelist[i]} to ${usrlist[i]}:${grplist[i]}" /bin/true else action "change ownship of file $basedir/${filelist[i]} to ${usrlist[i]}:${grplist[i]}" /bin/false fi done } function main() { task1 task2 task3 task4 task5 task6 } main [[email protected] shell]# sh practice1.sh ==> executing task1: creating directory /tmp/testdir-2016-09-11 08:49:36 task1 [ OK ] ==> executing task2: touching 100 empty files now task2 [ OK ] ==> executing task3: display username in even rows of /etc/passwd file bin adm sync halt uucp games ftp dbus rpc rpcuser haldaemon saslauth sshd oprofile dhcpd icheck named mysql slackware MySQL test1 hadoop testbash nologin task3 [ OK ] ==> executing task4: add 10 users, using the user name as their password add user user10... [ OK ] add user user11... [ OK ] add user user12... [ OK ] add user user13... [ OK ] add user user14... [ OK ] add user user15... [ OK ] add user user16... [ OK ] add user user17... [ OK ] add user user18... [ OK ] add user user19... [ OK ] ==> executing task5: touching 10 empty files task5 [ OK ] ==> executing task6: chage ownership of files change ownship of file /tmp/file10 to user10:user10 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file11 to user11:user11 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file12 to user12:user12 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file13 to user13:user13 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file14 to user14:user14 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file15 to user15:user15 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file16 to user16:user16 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file17 to user17:user17 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file18 to user18:user18 [ OK ] change ownship of file /tmp/file19 to user19:user19 [ OK ] 检查结果 # task1, task2 [[email protected] ~]# tree /tmp/testdir-2016-09-11\ 09\:02\:10/ /tmp/testdir-2016-09-11 09:02:10/ ├── file1 ├── file10 ├── file100 ├── file11 ├── file12 ├── file13 ├── file14 ├── file15 ├── file16 ├── file17 ├── file18 ├── file19 ├── file2 ###ommited### ├── file96 ├── file97 ├── file98 └── file99 0 directories, 100 files #task3 [[email protected] ~]# cat -n /etc/passwd 1 root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash 2 bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin 3 daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin 4 adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin 5 lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin 6 sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync ### ommited ### 44 hadoop:x:1001:1001::/home/hadoop:/bin/bash 45 bash:x:3007:3007::/home/bash:/bin/bash 46 testbash:x:3008:3008::/home/testbash:/bin/bash 47 basher:x:3009:3009::/home/basher:/bin/bash 48 nologin:x:3010:3010::/home/nologin:/sbin/nologin #task4 [[email protected] ~]# tail -10 /etc/passwd user10:x:3011:3011::/home/user10:/bin/bash user11:x:3012:3012::/home/user11:/bin/bash user12:x:3013:3013::/home/user12:/bin/bash user13:x:3014:3014::/home/user13:/bin/bash user14:x:3015:3015::/home/user14:/bin/bash user15:x:3016:3016::/home/user15:/bin/bash user16:x:3017:3017::/home/user16:/bin/bash user17:x:3018:3018::/home/user17:/bin/bash user18:x:3019:3019::/home/user18:/bin/bash user19:x:3020:3020::/home/user19:/bin/bash #task5, task6 [[email protected] ~]# ll /tmp/file{10..19} -rw-r--r--. 1 user10 user10 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file10 -rw-r--r--. 1 user11 user11 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file11 -rw-r--r--. 1 user12 user12 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file12 -rw-r--r--. 1 user13 user13 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file13 -rw-r--r--. 1 user14 user14 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file14 -rw-r--r--. 1 user15 user15 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file15 -rw-r--r--. 1 user16 user16 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file16 -rw-r--r--. 1 user17 user17 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file17 -rw-r--r--. 1 user18 user18 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file18 -rw-r--r--. 1 user19 user19 0 Sep 11 08:49 /tmp/file19
时间: 2024-10-05 00:28:18