前面写过了ansible常用的模块介绍，熟悉这些模块是基础，接下来我们通过一个实例来介绍playbook，planbook通过灵活的组装这些基础模块组件，可以实现各位复杂的业务操作场景
我们先来说明下playbook几个常用的概念
var:ansible里变量的概念就是重用某些定义值，主要是模板会用到
tasks：任务就是按照配置文件的定义去执行里面的操作
handles：当被操作的主机配置发送改变时要进行的操作，这里需要通知他，然后handles定义的动作会被执行，是task列表，这些task与前述的tasks并没有本质上的不同
roles：role在ansible可以将任务等模块化了，使他们复用性更强
下面我们通过一键安装LNMP环境并且部署WordPress博客来学习下（github上面的，里面的内容我们稍微修改下就行了）
[[email protected] wordpress-nginx]# tree
.
├── group_vars
│ ├── all
│ └── all.0
├── hosts
├── LICENSE.md
├── README.md
├── roles
│ ├── common
│ │ ├── files
│ │ │ ├── epel.repo
│ │ │ ├── iptables-save
│ │ │ └── RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ ├── mysql
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ └── my.cnf.j2
│ ├── nginx
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ └── default.conf
│ ├── php-fpm
│ │ ├── handlers
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ ├── tasks
│ │ │ └── main.yml
│ │ └── templates
│ │ └── wordpress.conf
│ └── wordpress
│ ├── tasks
│ │ └── main.yml
│ └── templates
│ └── wp-config.php
├── site.retry
└── site.yml
21 directories, 23 files
总的目录结构在上面，site.yml是总的入口
下面我们简单看下mysql部分，其他的基本都差不多
[[email protected] wordpress-nginx]# cat site.yml
- name: Install WordPress, MySQL, Nginx, and PHP-FPM
hosts: wordpress
remote_user: root
roles:
- common
- mysql
- nginx
- php-fpm
- wordpress
[[email protected] wordpress-nginx]# cat hosts
[wordpress]
172.16.80.127
[[email protected] wordpress-nginx]# cat roles/mysql/handlers/main.yml
---
- name: restart mysql
service: name=mysqld state=restarted
[[email protected] wordpress-nginx]# cat roles/mysql/tasks/main.yml
---
- name: Install Mysql package
yum: name={{ item }} state=present
with_items:
- mysql-server
- MySQL-python
- libsemanage-python
# with_items: 代表下面的列出的变量都会传到item里面
- name: Create Mysql configuration file
template: src=my.cnf.j2 dest=/etc/my.cnf
notify:
- restart mysql
- name: Start Mysql Service
service: name=mysqld state=started enabled=yes
[[email protected] wordpress-nginx]# cat roles/mysql/templates/my.cnf.j2
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
port={{ mysql_port }}
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
我们来运行下这个配置
[[email protected] wordpress-nginx]# ansible-playbook -i hosts site.yml [[email protected] wordpress-nginx]# ansible-playbook -i hosts site.yml PLAY [Install WordPress, MySQL, Nginx, and PHP-FPM] **************************** TASK [setup] ******************************************************************* ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [common : Copy the EPEL repository definition] **************************** ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [common : Create the GPG key for EPEL] ************************************ ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [common : Set up iptables rules] ****************************************** ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [mysql : Install Mysql package] ******************************************* ok: [172.16.80.127] => (item=[u‘mysql-server‘, u‘MySQL-python‘, u‘libsemanage-python‘]) TASK [mysql : Create Mysql configuration file] ********************************* ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [mysql : Start Mysql Service] ********************************************* ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [nginx : Install nginx] *************************************************** ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [nginx : Copy nginx configuration for wordpress] ************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] TASK [php-fpm : Install php-fpm and deps] ************************************** ok: [172.16.80.127] => (item=[u‘php‘, u‘php-fpm‘, u‘php-enchant‘, u‘php-IDNA_Convert‘, u‘php-mbstring‘, u‘php-mysql‘, u‘php-PHPMailer‘, u‘php-process‘, u‘php-simplepie‘, u‘php-xml‘]) TASK [php-fpm : Disable default pool] ****************************************** ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [php-fpm : Copy php-fpm configuration] ************************************ ok: [172.16.80.127] TASK [wordpress : Download WordPress] ****************************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] TASK [wordpress : Extract archive] ********************************************* changed: [172.16.80.127] [WARNING]: Consider using unarchive module rather than running tar TASK [wordpress : Add group "wordpress"] *************************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] TASK [wordpress : Add user "wordpress"] **************************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] TASK [wordpress : Fetch random salts for WordPress config] ********************* changed: [172.16.80.127 -> localhost] [WARNING]: Consider using get_url or uri module rather than running curl TASK [wordpress : Create WordPress database] *********************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] TASK [wordpress : Create WordPress database user] ****************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] TASK [wordpress : Copy WordPress config file] ********************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] TASK [wordpress : Change ownership of WordPress installation] ****************** changed: [172.16.80.127] TASK [wordpress : Start php-fpm Service] *************************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] RUNNING HANDLER [nginx : restart nginx] **************************************** changed: [172.16.80.127] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 172.16.80.127 : ok=23 changed=12 unreachable=0 failed=0
截图看看
最后打开浏览器测试访问http://172.16.80.127
可以看到它自动跳转到安装界面http://172.16.80.127/wp-admin/install.php
时间： 2024-11-05 18:35:52