提出:session在应用层就关闭,所以持久化要在应用层,但是到了view层持久化则session已经关闭
解决:session延迟到view层再关闭
原理:session(整个requestScope)FlushMode-->FlushMode.NEVER,(read only 则自动-->FlushMode.AUTO,前提:拥有transaction)。
手动解决方案:
- session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
- session.save(user);
- session.flush();
在没有使用Spring提供的Open Session In View情况下,因需要在service(or Dao)层里把session关闭,所以lazy loading为true的话,要在应用层内把关系集合都初始化,如 company.getEmployees(),否则Hibernate抛session already closed Exception; Open Session In View提供了一种简便的方法,较好地解决了lazy loading问题.
它有两种配置方式OpenSessionInViewInterceptor和OpenSessionInViewFilter(具体参看SpringSide),功能相同,只是一个在web.xml配置,另一个在application.xml配置而已。
Open Session In View在request把session绑定到当前thread期间一直保持hibernate session在open状态,使session在request的整个期间都可以使用,如在View层里PO也可以lazy loading数据,如 ${ company.employees }。当View 层逻辑完成后,才会通过Filter的doFilter方法或Interceptor的postHandle方法自动关闭session。
OpenSessionInViewInterceptor配置
- <beans>
- <bean name="openSessionInViewInterceptor"
- class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewInterceptor">
- <property name="sessionFactory">
- <ref bean="sessionFactory"/>
- </property>
- </bean>
- <bean id="urlMapping"
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
- <property name="interceptors">
- <list>
- <ref bean="openSessionInViewInterceptor"/>
- </list>
- </property>
- <property name="mappings">
- ...
- </property>
- </bean>
- ...
- </beans>
OpenSessionInViewFilter配置
- <web-app>
- ...
- <filter>
- <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
- <filter-class>
- org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter
- </filter-class>
- <!-- singleSession默认为true,若设为false则等于没用OpenSessionInView -->
- <init-param>
- <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
- <param-value>true</param-value>
- </init-param>
- </filter>
- ...
- <filter-mapping>
- <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
- <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
- </filter-mapping>
- ...
- </web-app>
很多人在使用OpenSessionInView过程中提及一个错误:
- org.springframework.dao.InvalidDataAccessApiUsageException: Write operations
- are not allowed in read-only mode (FlushMode.NEVER) - turn your Session into
- FlushMode.AUTO or remove ‘readOnly‘ marker from transaction definition
看看OpenSessionInViewFilter里的几个方法
- protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException { SessionFactory sessionFactory = lookupSessionFactory(); logger.debug("Opening Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter"); Session session = getSession(sessionFactory); TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource( sessionFactory, new SessionHolder(session)); try { filterChain.doFilter(request, response); } finally { TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(sessionFactory); logger.debug("Closing Hibernate Session in OpenSessionInViewFilter"); closeSession(session, sessionFactory); } }
- protected Session getSession(SessionFactory sessionFactory) throwsDataAccessResourceFailureException { Session session = SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(sessionFactory, true); session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.NEVER); return session; }
- protected void closeSession(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory) throwsCleanupFailureDataAccessException { SessionFactoryUtils.closeSessionIfNecessary(session, sessionFactory); }
可以看到OpenSessionInViewFilter在getSession的时候,会把获取回来的session的flush mode 设为FlushMode.NEVER。然后把该sessionFactory绑定到TransactionSynchronizationManager,使request的整个过程都使用同一个session,在请求过后再接除该sessionFactory的绑定,最后closeSessionIfNecessary根据该session是否已和transaction绑定来决定是否关闭session。在这个过程中,若HibernateTemplate 发现自当前session有不是readOnly的transaction,就会获取到FlushMode.AUTO Session,使方法拥有写权限。
- public static void closeSessionIfNecessary(Session session, SessionFactory sessionFactory)
- throws CleanupFailureDataAccessException {
- if (session == null || TransactionSynchronizationManager.hasResource(sessionFactory)) {
- return;
- }
- logger.debug("Closing Hibernate session");
- try {
- session.close();
- }
- catch (JDBCException ex) {
- // SQLException underneath
- throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex.getSQLException());
- }
- catch (HibernateException ex) {
- throw new CleanupFailureDataAccessException("Could not close Hibernate session", ex);
- }
- }
也即是,如果有不是readOnly的transaction就可以由Flush.NEVER转为Flush.AUTO,拥有insert,update,delete操作权限,如果没有transaction,并且没有另外人为地设flush model的话,则doFilter的整个过程都是Flush.NEVER。所以受transaction保护的方法有写权限,没受保护的则没有。
采用spring的事务声明,使方法受transaction控制
- <bean id="baseTransaction" class="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" abstract="true"> <property name="transactionManager" ref="transactionManager"/> <property name="proxyTargetClass" value="true"/> <property name="transactionAttributes"> <props> <prop key="get*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="find*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="load*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED,readOnly</prop> <prop key="save*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="add*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="update*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> <prop key="remove*">PROPAGATION_REQUIRED</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
- <bean id="userService" parent="baseTransaction"> <property name="target"> <bean class="com.phopesoft.security.service.impl.UserServiceImpl"/> </property> </bean>
对于上例,则以save,add,update,remove开头的方法拥有可写的事务,如果当前有某个方法,如命名为importExcel(),则因没有transaction而没有写权限,这时若方法内有insert,update,delete操作的话,则需要手动设置flush model为Flush.AUTO,如
- session.setFlushMode(FlushMode.AUTO);
- session.save(user);
- session.flush();
尽管Open Session In View看起来还不错,其实副作用不少。看回上面OpenSessionInViewFilter的doFilterInternal方法代码,这个方法实际上是被父类的doFilter调用的,因此,我们可以大约了解的OpenSessionInViewFilter调用流程: request(请求)->open session并开始transaction->controller->View(Jsp)->结束transaction并close session.
一切看起来很正确,尤其是在本地开发测试的时候没出现问题,但试想下如果流程中的某一步被阻塞的话,那在这期间connection就一直被占用而不释放。最有可能被阻塞的就是在写Jsp这步,一方面可能是页面内容大,response.write的时间长,另一方面可能是网速慢,服务器与用户间传输时间久。当大量这样的情况出现时,就有连接池连接不足,造成页面假死现象。
Open Session In View是个双刃剑,放在公网上内容多流量大的网站请慎用
Spring Open Session In View