MongoDB简介：
MongoDB是一款跨平台、面向文档的数据库，可以实现高性能、高可用性，并且能够轻松扩展.
MongoDB也是一个介于非关系数据库和关系数据库之间的产品，是非关系型数据库中功能最丰富，最像关系型数据库的.
运行方式主要基于两个概念：集合与文档
MongoDB的特点：
1、安装简单，提供了面向文档存储功能
2、提供了复制、高可用性和自动分片功能
3、支持丰富的查询表达式，查询指令使用JSON形式的标记
4、支持各种编程语言：Ruby、Pathon、Java、C++、PHP、c#等
下面我在Centos7安装MongoDB并演示相关的各种基础操作
一、安装MongoDB
(1)配置YUM源仓库
[[email protected] ~]#cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]#vim mongodb.repo
[mongodb-org]
name=MongoDB Repository
baseurl=https://repo.mongodb.org/yum/redhat/$releasever/mongodb-org/3.6/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
gpgkey=https://www.mongodb.org/static/pgp/server-3.6.asc(2)安装MongoDB
[[email protected] yum.repos.d]#yum list //测试
[[email protected] ~]#yum install -y mongodb-org
[[email protected] ~]#vi /etc/mongod.conf
bindIp: 0.0.0.0 #监听地址
port: 27017 #监听端口
[[email protected] ~]#systemctl start mongod.service
[[email protected] ~]#netstat -anpt | grep 27017
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 44010/mongod
[[email protected] ~]#/usr/bin/mongo
>db.version() //查看版本信息
>show dbs
admin 0.0000GB
local 0.0000GB
> DB.getMongo()
2018-07-16T16:10:27.899+0800 E QUERY [thread1] TypeError: DB.getMongo is not a function :
@(shell):1:1二、启动MongoDB多实例
[[email protected] ~]# cp -p /etc/mongod.conf /etc/mongod2.conf
[[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/mongod2.conf
path: /data/mongodb/mongod2.log //日志位置
dbPath: /data/mongodb/mongo //存储路径
port: 27018 //端口号
[[email protected] ~]# mkdir -p /data/mongodb/
[[email protected] ~]# cd /data/mongodb/
[[email protected] mongodb]# mkdir mongo
[[email protected] mongodb]# touch mongod2.log
[[email protected] mongodb]# chmod 777 mongod2.log
[[email protected] mongodb]# mongod -f /etc/mongod2.conf
about to fork child process, waiting until server is ready for connections.
forked process: 51823
child process started successfully, parent exiting
[[email protected] mongodb]# mongo --port 27018
MongoDB shell version v3.6.6
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27018/
MongoDB server version: 3.6.6
Server has startup warnings:
2018-07-16T16:21:43.218+0800 I CONTROL [initandlisten]
> exit
bye
[[email protected] mongodb]# netstat -antp
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27017 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 44010/mongod
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:27018 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 51823/mongod
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:49076 127.0.0.1:27018 TIME_WAIT -
tcp 0 0 192.168.200.184:22 192.168.200.1:60220三、MongoDB基本操作
> use mydb //创建并打开mydb数据库
switched to db mydb
> a=db.info.find() //起别名
> db.createCollection(‘a‘) //向mydb数据库添加集合a
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show collections //显示数据库中的所有集合
a
> typeof(a.id) //查看属性类型
2018-07-16T17:51:21.735+0800 E QUERY [thread1] ReferenceError: a is not defined :
@(shell):1:1
> db.a.insert({"id":1,"name":"zhangsan","hobby":["game","talk","read"]})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
["game","talk","read"] //字符串数组 object(对象)
> db.a.find() //显示a集合中的所有文档
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4c58ddf7c9ed9a709175e9"), "id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "read" ] }
> db.a.insert({"id":2,"name":"lisi","hobby":["game","talk","read"]})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.a.insert({"id":3,"name":"wangwu","hobby":["game","talk","read"]})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.a.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4c58ddf7c9ed9a709175e9"), "id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "read" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4c67c5bacc9efbe3a0d477"), "id" : 2, "name" : "lisi", "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "read" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4c67ccbacc9efbe3a0d478"), "id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "read" ] }
> db.a.findOne({"id":1}) //查找指定记录
{
"_id" : ObjectId("5b4c58ddf7c9ed9a709175e9"),
"id" : 1,
"name" : "zhangsan",
"hobby" : [
"game",
"talk",
"read"
]
}
> db.a.update({"id":2},{$set:{"name":"xiaoqi"}}) //更改属性
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.a.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4c58ddf7c9ed9a709175e9"), "id" : 1, "name" : "zhangsan", "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "read" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4c67c5bacc9efbe3a0d477"), "id" : 2, "name" : "xiaoqi", "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "read" ] }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4c67ccbacc9efbe3a0d478"), "id" : 3, "name" : "wangwu", "hobby" : [ "game", "talk", "read" ] }
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
mydb 0.000GB
> use mydb
switched to db mydb
> db.a.drop() //删除集合
true
> show collections
> db.dropDatabase() //删除数据库
{ "dropped" : "mydb", "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB四、MongoDB日常维护
参数说明：
-d：指明数据库的名字
-c：指明集合的名字
-f：指明要导出哪些列
-o：指明要导出的文件名
-q：指明导出数据的过滤条件（1）导入导出
使用mongoexport和mongoimport命令来导入导出MongoDB的数据
> use school
switched to db school
> db.createCollection(‘info‘)
{ "ok" : 1 }
> for(var i=1;i<=100;i++)db.info.insert({"id":i,"name":"jack"+i})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.info.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572da"), "id" : 1, "name" : "jack1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572db"), "id" : 2, "name" : "jack2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572dc"), "id" : 3, "name" : "jack3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572dd"), "id" : 4, "name" : "jack4" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572de"), "id" : 5, "name" : "jack5" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572df"), "id" : 6, "name" : "jack6"
> db.info.count() //显示行数
100
[[email protected] ~]# mongoexport -d school -c info -o /opt/school.json //这里注意导出的文件格式为*.json
c2018-07-16T22:13:22.668+0800 connected to: localhost
2018-07-16T22:13:22.675+0800 exported 100 records
[[email protected] ~]# cd /opt
[[email protected] opt]# ls
rh school.json
[[email protected] opt]# vim school.json
[[email protected] opt]# mongoimport -d school -c test --file school.json
2018-07-16T22:15:22.523+0800 connected to: localhost
2018-07-16T22:15:22.700+0800 imported 100 documents
[[email protected] opt]# mongo
> use school
switched to db school
> show tables
info
test //导入文件test，是刚才导出的内容
> db.test.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572da"), "id" : 1, "name" : "jack1" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572db"), "id" : 2, "name" : "jack2" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572dc"), "id" : 3, "name" : "jack3" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572dd"), "id" : 4, "name" : "jack4" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572de"), "id" : 5, "name" : "jack5" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572df"), "id" : 6, "name" : "jack6"
[[email protected] opt]# mongoexport -d school -c info -q ‘{ "id":{"$eq":10}}‘ -o /opt/top10.json //筛选需要导出的行数，-q后面有空格
2018-07-16T22:20:20.610+0800 connected to: localhost
2018-07-16T22:20:20.636+0800 exported 1 record
[[email protected] opt]# cd /opt/
[[email protected] opt]# ls
rh school.json top10.json
[[email protected] opt]# vim top10.json
{"_id":{"$oid":"5b4ca7864f78ab07f2b572e3"},"id":10.0,"name":"jack10"}（2）备份与恢复
使用Mongodump命令来备份MongoDB数据
-h:MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d：需要备份的数据库实例
-o：备份数据存放的位置，该目录需提前创建[[email protected] opt]# mkdir /backup
[[email protected] opt]# mongodump -d school -o /backup/ //备份
2018-07-16T22:43:29.828+0800 writing school.info to
2018-07-16T22:43:29.830+0800 writing school.test to
2018-07-16T22:43:29.836+0800 done dumping school.info (100 documents)
2018-07-16T22:43:29.838+0800 done dumping school.test (100 documents)
[[email protected] opt]# cd /backup/
[[email protected] backup]# ls
school
[[email protected] backup]# cd school/
[[email protected] school]# ls
info.bson info.metadata.json ==test.bson== test.metadata.json
[[email protected] school]# mongorestore -d abc --dir=/backup/school/ //恢复 备注：这里的数据库abc会自动创建，所以可以不存在
2018-07-16T22:46:02.801+0800 the --db and --collection args should only be used when restoring from a BSON file. Other uses are deprecated and will not exist in the future; use --nsInclude instead（3）复制数据库
> show dbs
abc 0.000GB
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
school 0.000GB
> show dbs
abc 0.000GB
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
school 0.000GB
> db.copyDatabase("abc","abc1") //复制数据库
{ "ok" : 1 }
> show dbs
abc 0.000GB
abc1 0.000GB
admin 0.000GB
config 0.000GB
local 0.000GB
school 0.000GB(4)创建管理用户
> use admin
> db.createUser({"user":"root","pwd":"123","roles":["root"]})
> db.auth("root","123")（5）进程管理
> db.currentOp() //查看进程
"active" : true,
"currentOpTime" : "2018-07-16T23:28:31.188+0800",
"opid" : 19385,
"secs_running" : NumberLong(0),
> db.killOp(19385)
{ "info" : "attempting to kill op", "ok" : 1 }原文地址：http://blog.51cto.com/13687553/2145096
时间： 2024-10-15 15:05:34