如果你还没有搭建gtest框架,可以参考我之前的博客:http://www.cnblogs.com/jycboy/p/6001153.html。。
1.The first sample: sample1
你把github上的项目导来之后,github地址:https://github.com/google/googletest,在目录:..(你的目录)\googletest-master\googletest\samples是你的samples文件夹。
在VS中创建项目:GtestSamples
把对应的代码加入到这里边:sample1.h、sample1.cc、sample1_unittest.cc.
在sample1.cc中是你要测试的函数:
// Returns n! (the factorial of n). For negative n, n! is defined to be 1. // int Factorial(int n) { int result = 1; for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { result *= i; } return result; } // Returns true iff n is a prime number. bool IsPrime(int n) { // Trivial case 1: small numbers if (n <= 1) return false; // Trivial case 2: even numbers if (n % 2 == 0) return n == 2; // Now, we have that n is odd and n >= 3. // Try to divide n by every odd number i, starting from 3 for (int i = 3; ; i += 2) { // We only have to try i up to the squre root of n if (i > n / i) break; // Now, we have i <= n/i < n. // If n is divisible by i, n is not prime. if (n % i == 0) return false; } // n has no integer factor in the range (1, n), and thus is prime. return true; }
在sample1_unittest.cc中,是你编写的测试:
有两个测试用例:Factorial、IsPrime;每个测试用例对应三个test。
extern int Factorial(int n); extern bool IsPrime(int n); // Tests Factorial(). // Tests factorial of negative numbers. TEST(FactorialTest, Negative) { // This test is named "Negative", and belongs to the "FactorialTest" // test case. EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-5)); EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(-1)); //如果是ASSERT_EQ,后边的EXPECT_GT将不在执行;如果是EXPECT_EQ,后边的测试EXPECT_GT继续执行 EXPECT_GT(Factorial(-10), 0); ASSERT_EQ(3, Factorial(-1)); // <TechnicalDetails> // // EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) is the same as // // EXPECT_TRUE((expected) == (actual)) // // except that it will print both the expected value and the actual // value when the assertion fails. This is very helpful for // debugging. Therefore in this case EXPECT_EQ is preferred. // // On the other hand, EXPECT_TRUE accepts any Boolean expression, // and is thus more general. // // </TechnicalDetails> } // Tests factorial of 0. TEST(FactorialTest, Zero) { EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(0)); } // Tests factorial of positive numbers. TEST(FactorialTest, Positive) { EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(1)); EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(2)); EXPECT_EQ(6, Factorial(3)); EXPECT_EQ(40320, Factorial(8)); } // Tests IsPrime() // Tests negative input. TEST(IsPrimeTest, Negative) { // This test belongs to the IsPrimeTest test case. EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-1)); EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(-2)); EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(INT_MIN)); } // Tests some trivial cases. TEST(IsPrimeTest, Trivial) { EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(0)); EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(1)); EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(2)); EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(3)); } // Tests positive input. TEST(IsPrimeTest, Positive) { EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(4)); EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(5)); EXPECT_FALSE(IsPrime(6)); EXPECT_TRUE(IsPrime(23)); } // Step 3. Call RUN_ALL_TESTS() in main(). // // We do this by linking in src/gtest_main.cc file, which consists of // a main() function which calls RUN_ALL_TESTS() for us. // // This runs all the tests you‘ve defined, prints the result, and // returns 0 if successful, or 1 otherwise. // // Did you notice that we didn‘t register the tests? The // RUN_ALL_TESTS() macro magically knows about all the tests we // defined. Isn‘t this convenient?
2.编写单元测试的步骤
Step 1.包括必要的头文件,以便声明测试逻辑需要的东西。不要忘了 gtest.h
#include <limits.h> #include "sample1.h" #include <gtest/gtest.h>
Step 2. 使用TEST宏来定义测试。
TEST有两个参数:测试用例名称和测试名称。
使用宏后,应该在一对大括号之间定义测试逻辑。 您可以使用一堆宏来指示测试的成功或失败。 EXPECT_TRUE和EXPECT_EQ是此类宏的示例。 有关完整列表,请参阅gtest.h。
技术细节:
在Google Test中,测试分为多个测试用例。你应该将逻辑相关的测试放入同一个测试用例。
测试用例名和测试名都应该是有效的C ++标识符。 并且你不应该在名称中使用下划线(_)。
Google测试保证您定义的每个测试只运行一次,但不能保证测试执行的顺序。 因此,您应该以这样一种方式编写测试,使得它们的结果不依赖于它们的顺序。
TEST(FactorialTest, Negative) { // This test is named "Negative", and belongs to the "FactorialTest" // test case. EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-5)); EXPECT_EQ(2, Factorial(-1)); //如果是ASSERT_EQ,后边的EXPECT_GT将不在执行;如果是EXPECT_EQ,后边的测试EXPECT_GT继续执行 EXPECT_GT(Factorial(-10), 0); EXPECT_TRUE(2 == Factorial(-7));//这个错误失败信息打印的是true或false,不会打印值 ASSERT_EQ(3, Factorial(-1)); }
技术细节:
上面的EXPECT_EQ(1, Factorial(-1))和EXPECT_TRUE(1==Factorial(-1))的作用是一样的,但是当失败时,EXPECT_EQ会打印期望值和实际值,而EXPECT_TRUE是会打印true、false。所以优先选用EXPECT_EQ。
Step 3. Call RUN_ALL_TESTS() in main().
int main(int argc, char **argv) { //printf("Running main() from gtest_main.cc\n"); testing::InitGoogleTest(&argc,argv); return RUN_ALL_TESTS(); }
**RUN_ALL_TESTS() 会自动调用所有的测试。
之前的两篇博客:
VS2015搭建GoogleTest框架--配置第一个项目
Google C++单元测试框架---Gtest框架简介(译文)
之后会陆续更新,一直到GMock,但愿我不会太懒,。。。。