NgRx/Store 4 + Angular 5使用教程

这篇文章将会示范如何使用NgRx/Store 4和Angular5。@ngrx/store是基于RxJS的状态管理库,其灵感来源于Redux。在NgRx中,状态是由一个包含action和reducer的函数的映射组成的。Reducer函数经由action的分发以及当前或初始的状态而被调用,最后由reducer返回一个不可变的状态。你可以在@ngrx/store中找到我们将在下面的例子中讨论到的相关的API。

Action: Action是状态的改变。它描述了某个事件的发生,但是没有指定应用的状态如何改变。

ActionReducerMapActionReducerMap注册了一系列的reducer,在应用中使用StoreModule对它进行配置。

ActionReducer: 它被用于创建reducer,例如logger。

MetaReducer: 在应用中使用StoreModule配置的MetaReducer构成了根的meta-reducer。

StoreModule: StoreModule@ngrx/storeAPI中的一个模块,它被用来在应用模块中配置reducer。

createFeatureSelector: 它为状态(state)创建一个feature selector。

createSelector: 它创建一个selector用于生成一个指定的状态。

Store: 它提供了Store.select()Store.dispatch()来与reducer协同工作。Store.select()用于选择一个selector,Store.dispatch()用于向reducer分发action的类型。

1. 使用到的技术

下面是我们的例子中用到的技术:

  1. Angular 5.0.0
  2. Angular CLI 1.5.0
  3. NgRx/Store 4.1.1
  4. TypeScript 2.4.2
  5. Node.js 6.11.0
  6. NPM 3.10.10

    2. 安装Angular CLI和NgRX/Store

  7. 确保已安装的Node和NPM的最低版本为:Node 6.9.x和NPM 3.x.x
  8. 在命令行中输入以下命令:
    npm install -g @angular/cli
  9. 运行以下命令生成一个新的项目:
    ng new my-app
  10. 现在安装@ngrx/store。使用命令行进入my-app目录,然后运行如下命令:
    npm i @ngrx/store --save

    现在我们已经准备好使用NgRx/Store和Angular了。

    3. 创建State

    State是一个单独的不可变的数据结构。我们会像如下这样创建state:

    export interface AppState {
    articleState: ArticleState;
    }
    export interface ArticleState {
    articles: Article[];
    }

    4. 创建Action类

    NgRx的Action描述了状态的变化。对于每一个action,我们都需要创建一个继承自Action的类,同时定义其type和payload(payload是个可选参数)。

    ```

    export const JAVA = ‘Java‘;

    export const MY_ARTICLES = ‘Favorite_Articles‘;

export class JavaArticlesAction implements Action {

readonly type = JAVA;

}

export class FavoriteArticlesAction implements Action {

readonly type = MY_ARTICLES;

constructor(public payload: Article[]) {}

}

####5. 创建Reducer
Reducer描述了任何一个action所对应的应用的state将怎样变化。reducer创建如下:

export function reducer(state = initialState, action: fromActions.All): ArticleState {

switch(action.type) {

case fromActions.JAVA: {

return {articles: JAVA_ARTICLES};

}

case fromActions.ANGULAR: {

return {articles: ANGULAR_ARTICLES};

}
case fromActions.MY_ARTICLES: {
  return {articles: action.payload};
}
default: {
  return state;
}

}

}

####6. 使用createFeatureSelector和createSelector()
`createFeatureSelector()`被用于为任意指定的state创建一个feature selector。

export const getArticleState = createFeatureSelector

`createSelector()`使用feature selector来创建selector。

export const getArticles = createSelector(

getArticleState,

(state: ArticleState) => state.articles

);

####7. 使用ActionReducerMap
`ActionReducerMap`注册了reducer。我们需要在我们配置我们的reducer的地方创建一个 `ActionReducerMap`的常量。然后在应用模块中使用`StoreModule`来配置这个常量。

export const reducers: ActionReducerMap

####8.使用ActionReducer
`ActionReducer`用来创建类似logger的reducer,使用`MetaReducer`对它进行配置。

export function logger(reducer: ActionReducer

通过使用上面的代码,我们可以在控制台中获取每个action的状态和名称。
####9.使用`MetaReducer`
 `MetaReducer`由我们所创建的一系列`ActionReducer`所组成。在应用中使用`StoreModule`配置的`MetaReducer`构成了根meta-reducer。`@ngrx/store`默认使用 `combineReducers`在创建根meta-reducer。

export const metaReducers: MetaReducer

####10. 使用StoreModule
`StoreModule`是`@ngrx/store`API中的一个模块,它被用来在应用模块中配置reducer。

@NgModule({

imports: [

---

StoreModule.forRoot(reducers, {metaReducers})

]

---

})

####11. 使用`Store.select()`和`Store.dispatch()`
`Store.select()`和 `Store.dispatch()`与是reducer配合使用的。`Store.select()`用于选择一个selector,`Store.dispatch()`用于向reducer分发action的类型。
要使用`Store`, 在组件中创建一个`Observable`类型的属性。

articles: Observable

现在使用依赖注入来实例化`Store`,然后选择一个selector。

constructor(private store: Store

现在分发这个action以通过reducer改变state。

showJavaArticles(){

this.store.dispatch(new fromActions.JavaArticlesAction());

}

####12. 完整的例子
下面是我们的例子的项目结构:

my-app

|

|--src

| |

| |--app

| | |

| | |--actions

| | | |

| | | |--article.actions.ts

| | |

| | |--components

| | | |

| | | |--article.component.html

| | | |--article.component.ts

| | |

| | |--models

| | | |

| | | |--article.ts

| | |

| | |--reducers

| | | |

| | | |--app.states.ts

| | | |--article.reducer.ts

| | | |--reducers.ts

| | |

| | |--app.component.ts

| | |--app.module.ts

| |

| |--main.ts

| |--index.html

| |--styles.css

|

|--node_modules

|--package.json

以下是完整的代码:
**article.actions.ts**

import { Action } from ‘@ngrx/store‘;

import { Article } from ‘../models/article‘;

export const JAVA = ‘Java‘;

export const ANGULAR = ‘Angular‘;

export const MY_ARTICLES = ‘Favorite_Articles‘;

export class JavaArticlesAction implements Action {

readonly type = JAVA;

}

export class AngularArticlesAction implements Action {

readonly type = ANGULAR;

}

export class FavoriteArticlesAction implements Action {

readonly type = MY_ARTICLES;

constructor(public payload: Article[]) {}

}

export type All = JavaArticlesAction | AngularArticlesAction | FavoriteArticlesAction;

**article.ts**

export interface Article {

id: number;

title: string;

category: string;

}

export const JAVA_ARTICLES: Article[] = [

{id: 1, title: ‘Java Article 1‘, category: ‘Java‘},

{id: 2, title: ‘Java Article 2‘, category: ‘Java‘},]

export const ANGULAR_ARTICLES: Article[] = [

{id: 1, title: ‘Angular Article 1‘, category: ‘Angular‘},

{id: 2, title: ‘Angular Article 2‘, category: ‘Angular‘},]

export const FAVORITE_ARTICLES: Article[] = [

{id: 1, title: ‘Java Article 1‘, category: ‘Java‘},

{id: 2, title: ‘Angular Article 2‘, category: ‘Angular‘}]

**app.states.ts**

import { Article } from ‘../models/article‘;

export interface AppState {

articleState: ArticleState;

}

export interface ArticleState {

articles: Article[];

}

**article.reducer.ts**

import { createFeatureSelector, createSelector } from ‘@ngrx/store‘;

import * as fromActions from ‘../actions/article.actions‘;

import { JAVA_ARTICLES, ANGULAR_ARTICLES } from ‘../models/article‘;

import { ArticleState } from ‘./app.states‘;

export const initialState: ArticleState = { articles: []};

export function reducer(state = initialState, action: fromActions.All): ArticleState {

switch(action.type) {

case fromActions.JAVA: {

return {articles: JAVA_ARTICLES};

}

case fromActions.ANGULAR: {

return {articles: ANGULAR_ARTICLES};

}
case fromActions.MY_ARTICLES: {
  return {articles: action.payload};
}
default: {
  return state;
}

}

}

export const getArticleState = createFeatureSelector

export const getArticles = createSelector(

getArticleState,

(state: ArticleState) => state.articles

);

**reducer.ts**

import { ActionReducerMap, ActionReducer, MetaReducer } from ‘@ngrx/store‘;

import { AppState } from ‘./app.states‘;

import * as articleReducer from ‘./article.reducer‘;

import { environment } from ‘../../environments/environment‘;

export const reducers: ActionReducerMap

export function logger(reducer: ActionReducer

export const metaReducers: MetaReducer

**article.component.ts**

import { Store } from ‘@ngrx/store‘;

import { Component } from ‘@angular/core‘;

import { Observable } from ‘rxjs/Observable‘;

import * as articleReducer from ‘../reducers/article.reducer‘;

import * as fromActions from ‘../actions/article.actions‘;

import { ArticleState } from ‘../reducers/app.states‘;

import { Article, FAVORITE_ARTICLES } from ‘../models/article‘;

@Component({

selector: ‘app-article‘,

templateUrl: ‘article.component.html‘

})

export class ArticleComponent {

articles: Observable

constructor(private store: Store<ArticleState>) {
    this.articles = store.select(articleReducer.getArticles);
}
showJavaArticles(){
    this.store.dispatch(new fromActions.JavaArticlesAction());
}
showAngularArticles(){
    this.store.dispatch(new fromActions.AngularArticlesAction());
}
showFavoriteArticles(){
    this.store.dispatch(new fromActions.FavoriteArticlesAction(FAVORITE_ARTICLES));
}

}

**article.component.html**

Java Articles
Angular Articles
Favorite Articles

  • {{article.id}} - {{article.title}} - {{article.category}}
**app.component.ts**

import { Component } from ‘@angular/core‘;

@Component({

selector: ‘app-root‘,

template: <app-article></app-article>

})

export class AppComponent {

}

**app.module.ts**

import { NgModule } from ‘@angular/core‘;

import { BrowserModule } from ‘@angular/platform-browser‘;

import { StoreModule } from ‘@ngrx/store‘;

import { AppComponent } from ‘./app.component‘;

import { ArticleComponent } from ‘./components/article.component‘;

import { reducers, metaReducers } from ‘./reducers/reducers‘;

@NgModule({

imports: [

BrowserModule,

StoreModule.forRoot(reducers, {metaReducers})

],

declarations: [

AppComponent,

ArticleComponent

],

providers: [

],

bootstrap: [

AppComponent

]

})

export class AppModule { }

```

下载源代码

原文地址:NgRx/Store 4 + Angular 5 Tutorial

本文由本人原创翻译,转载请注明出处:https://www.jianshu.com/p/c2d61fc76128

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/neromaycry/p/8542302.html

时间: 2024-07-31 22:47:17

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