Oracle 灾难恢复以及11g新特性恢复指导 / 憋错料

实验：数据库灾难恢复（数据文件、控制文件、参数文件、归档文件等丢失）

法一：利用冷备

法二：RMAN恢复及11g新特性(list/advise/repair failure,create spfile from memory)

1.配置catalog数据库

1）catalog目录库：创建大文件表空间、用户、授权

create bigfile tablespace rc_data datafile ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORCL/rc_data.dbf‘ size 20m;

create user rc_admin identified by oracle default tablespace rc_data;

grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to rc_admin;

2）创建catalog库

RMAN> rman catalog rc_admin/[email protected]

RMAN> create catalog;

3）注册catalog库（在target库中）

RMAN> rman target / catalog rc_admin/[email protected]

RMAN>register database;

4）配置target数据库

RMAN> rman target / catalog rc_admin/[email protected]

RMAN>configure retention policy to recovery window of 7 days;

--修改保留策略

RMAN>configure controlfile autobackup on;

--打开控制文件自动备份

RMAN>configure device type disk parallelism 4;

--开启并行备份，行度设置为4

2.备份target数据库

当所有文件丢失时，使用RMAN，应连接catalog库（catalog库中含有控制文件等）

[[email protected] admin]$ rman target / catalog rc_admin/[email protected]

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Oct 16 10:19:55 2014

connected to target database: PROD (DBID=270879665)

connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name PROD are:

CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO RECOVERY WINDOW OF 7 DAYS;

CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default

CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO ‘%F‘; # default

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 4 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;

CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default

CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default

CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM ‘AES128‘; # default

CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM ‘BASIC‘ AS OF RELEASE ‘DEFAULT‘ OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default

CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default

CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD.f‘; # default

RMAN> backup database include current controlfile plus archivelog delete all input;

--全库备份加上归档日志文件

3.模拟灾难：

1）删除所有数据文件：

[email protected]>select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_b393xosc_.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_b393xovt_.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_b393xq2d_.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_users_b393xqpm_.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_example_b393xp04_.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/tbs_users1.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/tbs_users2.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/pitr.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/pitr_ind.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/arch_tbs.dbf

10 rows selected.

[email protected]>!rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/*.dbf

[email protected]>!rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/arch_tbs.dbf

[email protected]>desc v$controlfile;

Name Null? Type

----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------

STATUS VARCHAR2(7)

NAME VARCHAR2(513)

IS_RECOVERY_DEST_FILE VARCHAR2(3)

BLOCK_SIZE NUMBER

FILE_SIZE_BLKS NUMBER

2）删除所有控制文件：

[email protected]>select name from v$controlfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/controlfile/o1_mf_b2255k12_.ctl

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/controlfile/o1_mf_b2255kjo_.ctl

[email protected]>!rm /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/controlfile/o1_mf_b2255k12_.ctl

[email protected]>!rm /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/controlfile/o1_mf_b2255kjo_.ctl

3）删除参数文件：

[email protected]>show parameter spfile;

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

spfile string /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0

/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilePROD.ora

[email protected]>!rm /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/spfilePROD.ora

4）删除归档文件：

desc v$archived_log --归档文件

[email protected]>select name from v$archived_log;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2014_10_16/o1_mf_1_7_b3y4y1s8_.arc

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2014_10_16/o1_mf_1_8_b3y56mno

...

8 rows selected.

[email protected]>!rm /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/archivelog/2014_10_16/*;

alter system checkpoint;

--触发错误

5）退出重新进入：

[email protected]>stutdown immediate

SP2-0734: unknown command beginning "stutdown i..." - rest of line ignored.

[email protected]>shutdown immediate

ORA-01116: error in opening database file 2

ORA-01110: data file 2: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_b393xovt_.dbf‘

ORA-27041: unable to open file

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

[email protected]>shutdown abort

ORACLE instance shut down.

[email protected]>startup

ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initPROD.ora‘

--报错

4.利用catalog恢复target数据库

1）在catalog库查看target数据库DBID

sqlplus rc_admin/oracle

[email protected]>select * from rc_database;

DB_KEY DBINC_KEY DBID NAME RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS

---------- ---------- ---------- -------- ----------------- ---------

241 242 1385095721 ORCL 925702 03-SEP-14

1 61 270879665 PROD 1107625 08-OCT-14

2）连接catalog数据库

[[email protected] ~]$ rman target / catalog rc_admin/[email protected]

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Thu Oct 16 14:08:59 2014

connected to target database (not started)

connected to recovery catalog database

--可以连接，但数据库没有启动

3）设置dbid，并启动数据库到nomount状态

RMAN> set dbid=270879665;

executing command: SET DBID

database name is "PROD" and DBID is 270879665

RMAN> startup nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-00109: could not open parameter file ‘/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initPROD.ora‘

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area 1068937216 bytes

Fixed Size 2260088 bytes

Variable Size 281019272 bytes

Database Buffers 780140544 bytes

Redo Buffers 5517312 bytes

4)还原参数文件和数据文件

RMAN>restore spfile;

RMAN>restore controlfile;

或者：

RMAN>restore spfile from autobackup;

RMAN>restore controlfile from autobackup;

或者：

RMAN>restore spfile from ‘/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD/autobackup/2014_10_16/o1_mf_s_861103939_b3yh28ts_.bkp‘;

RMAN>restore controlfile from ‘/u01/app/oracle/...‘;

--如果Oracle无法找到自动备份文件，则需要手工制定该文件的具体位置

5）启动数据库到mount状态并使用11g数据库的新特性（list/advise/repair failure）

RMAN> startup mount;

database is already started

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

released channel: ORA_DISK_2

released channel: ORA_DISK_3

released channel: ORA_DISK_4

新特性：

list failure;

--如果list failure 没有输出结果，则需要我们手动恢复数据库；

advise failure;

--如果advise failure 输出的最后，显示没有可用的自动修复选项，则同样需要我们手动恢复；

repair failure;

--三条命令顺序不能改变

补充：

如果list failure没有输出结果，

则可以尝试打开数据库，查看报错信息，然后进行相应的处理；

eg：

alter database open;

alter database open resetlogs;

restore datafile 1;

list failure;

advise failure;

repair failure;

指令：

RMAN>list failure;

RMAN>advise failure;

RMAN>repair failure;

具体执行过程：

RMAN> list failure;

List of Database Failures

=========================

Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary

---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------

1702 CRITICAL OPEN 16-OCT-14 Control file needs media recovery

1522 CRITICAL OPEN 16-OCT-14 System datafile 1: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_b393xosc_.dbf‘ is missing

709 CRITICAL OPEN 08-OCT-14 System datafile 1: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_b393xosc_.dbf‘ needs media recovery

469 CRITICAL OPEN 08-OCT-14 System datafile 1: ‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/datafile/o1_mf_system_b2251bs1_.dbf‘ is missing

242 HIGH OPEN 29-SEP-14 One or more non-system datafiles are missing

974 HIGH OPEN 10-OCT-14 Tablespace 11: ‘PITR_IND‘ is offline

644 HIGH OPEN 08-OCT-14 One or more non-system datafiles need media recovery

817 HIGH OPEN 09-OCT-14 Name for datafile 7 is unknown in the control file

808 HIGH OPEN 09-OCT-14 Name for datafile 6 is unknown in the control file

RMAN> advise failure;