实习笔记1
2016年8月1日
14:12
Option Explicit
缺省情况下,如果使用一个没有声明的变量,它将继承“Variant”类型。在模块、窗体和类的通用声明区使用“OptionExplicit”能强制我们必须声明变量后才能使用变量
Sample:
Option Explicit Sub test() X = 5 End Sub
在通用声明区声明了“Option Explicit”。当试着去运行上述test宏时将得到一个错误
本章回顾
1.在过程、函数或用户窗体事件中写代码
2.在过程和函数中利用必须的和可选的参数
3.函数可返回值、数组、类型和对象
4.在过程和函数中,如果参数声明为“ByRef”,则可以改变作为参数传递进来的变量。把参数声明为“ByVal”将保持变量不变
4.能在过程、函数和事件中或者在通用声明区内声明变量。这些变量的范围依赖于它们在何处被声明以及声明中所用的关键字
第六章 变量
Option Explicit Sub tst() TTT = 5 MsgBox TTT End Sub ‘整型 Dim PageNumber As Integer PageNumber = 84 ‘长整型 Dim MySalary As Long MySalary = 123456 ‘双精度型 Dim HourToLearnVBA As Double HourToLearnVBA = 36.25 Sub VariableTestC() Dim N As Double N = 1.23456789012346 N = 12345678901234.6 End Sub ‘布尔类型 Dim ICanLearnThis As Boolean ICanLearnThis = True ‘日期型 Dim XMReleaseDate As Date XMReleaseDate = "5/19/2006 8:00:00 AM" ‘字符型 Dim MYLevelName As String MYLevelName = "utilElectricity" ‘对象型 Dim MyExcelApp As Object Set MyExcelApp = GetObject(, "Excel.Application") ‘Variant Dim PointArray As Variant ‘MicroStation特有的变量类型 ‘Application(应用) Dim MSAPP As Application Set MSAPP = Application ‘ActiveDesignFile当前设计文件 ‘ActiveModelReference当前模型参考 ‘ActiveSettings 当前设置 ‘VBProject object & attributes 对象以及属性 ‘UserName用户名 ‘取得左、顶、宽和高属性 ‘DesignFile设计文件 Dim MyDGN As DesignFile Set MyDGN = Application.ActiveDesignFile ‘Author 作者,Client客户,Comments注释,Company公司,KeyWords关键字,Manager管理者,Subject主题,Title标题 ‘FormatMajorVersion 格式主版本 FormatMinorVersion格式次版本 ‘Levels层, Models模型, Name 名称,Path 路径 ‘ModelReference 模型参考 Dim MyModel As ModelReference Set MyModel = Application.ActiveModelReference ‘Level 层 Dim MyLevel As Level Set MyLevel = Application.ActiveDesignFile.Levels(1) ‘Description 描述, ElementColor元素颜色,ElementLineStyle元素线性,ElementLineWeight元素线宽,IsActive是否激活,IsDisplayed是否显示 ‘IsFrozen是否冻结,IsLocked是否锁定,Name名字,Number层号,Plot光栅绘图 ‘LineElement线元素 Dim MyLine As Application Set MyLine = Application.CreateLineElement2(Nothing, Point3dFromXYZ(0, 0, 0), Point3dFromXYZ(4, 5, 6)) Application.ActiveModelReference.AddElement MyLine ‘EllipseElement椭圆元素 Dim MyCircle As EllipseElement Dim RotMatrix As Matrix3d Set MyCircle = CreateEllipseElement2(Nothing, Point3dFromXYZ(0, 0, 0), 1.5, 1.5, RotMatrix) Application.ActiveModelReference.AddElement MyCircle ‘ArcElement 弧元素 Dim MyArc As ArcElement Dim RotMatrix As Matrix3d Set MyArc = CreateArcElement2(Nothing, Point3dFromXYZ(0, 0, 0), 1.75, 1.75, RotMatrix, Radians(45), Radiands(90)) Application.ActiveModelReference.AddElement MyArc ‘TextElement文本元素 Dim MyText As TextElement Dim RotMatrix As Matrix3d Set MyText = CreateTextElement1(Nothing, "MicroStation VBA", Point3dFromXYZ(0, 0, 0), RotMatrix) Application.ActiveModelReference.AddElement MyText ‘赋值和设置对象 Dim LevelName As String LevelName = "Element" Dim EasementLevel As Level Set EasementLevel = ActiveDesignFile.AddNewLevel(LevelName) Dim StartPoint(0 To 2) As Double StartPoint(0) = 4.5 StartPoint(1) = 5.6 StartPoint(2) = 6.7 Sub ArrayTestA() Dim MyVerticies(0 To 1) As Point3d Dim MyLine As LineElement MyVerticies(0).X = 1 MyVerticies(0).Y = 2 MyVerticies(1).X = 3 MyVerticies(1).Y = 4 MyVerticies(2).X = 5 MyVerticies(2).Y = 6 Set MyLine = CreateLineElement1(Nothing, MyVerticies) ActiveModelReference.AddElement MyLine End Sub Sub VariableTestD() Dim MySalary As Double Dim MySalary As Double MySalary = 1234567 MyHourly = MySalary / 52 / 40 MsgBox "My Hourly Rate is " & FormatCurrency(MyHourly, 2, vbFalse, vbFalse, vbTrue) End Sub
本章回顾:
变量是保存值或指向对象的名字。在函数、过程或事件内声明的变量是局部的,仅能在声明它的函数中使用,不能在函数外使用。在窗体或代码模块通用声明区中声明的变量能在声明它们的窗体或代码模块内任何地方使用。在代码模块中声明为“Public”的变量能在VBA工程的任何位置使用,在类模块中声明为“public”的变量成为类模块的读/写属性
如果没有变量,一切将是静态的什么也不能代表——线总是从固定的一点画到固定的另一点,文本总是插入在同一点且内容总是相同的。
第七章 操作文本
UCase大写转换 Function Ucase(String) LCase小写转换 Function Lcase(String) StrConv字符串转换 Function StrConv(String, Conversion As VbStrConv, [LocaleID AS Long]) WeekDayName星期名 WeekDay日期转星期 Function WeekDayName(Weekday As Long ,[Abbreviate As Boolean = False],[FirstDayOffWeek As VbDayOfWeek = vbUseSystemDayOfWeek]) As String MonthNAme月名 Function MonthName(Month As Long, [Abbreviate As Boolean = False]) As String LTrim左截取 RTrim右截取 Trim两端截取 Function LTrim(String) Function RTrim(String) Function Trim(String) StrComp字符串比较 Function StrComp(String1, String2, [Compare As VbCompareMethod = vbBinaryCompare] Left左取字符串 Function Left(String ,Length As Long) Right右取字符串 Function Right(String, Length As Long) Mid 取中串 Function Mid(String, Start As Long, [Length]) Sub TextWork12() Dim BookTitle As String BookTitle = "Learning MicroStation VBA" Debug.Print Mid(BookTitle, 3, 6) Debug.Print Mid(BookTitle, 6) Debug.Print Mid(BookTitle, InStr(1, BookTitle, " ") + 1) End Sub
‘注意上面的InStr里面的" "里面是有一个空格
运行结果:
arning
ing MicroStation VBA
MicroStation VBA
第一个是从第三个字符开始并返回六个字符
第二个是从第六个字符开始并返回其后的每个字符
第三个是以Instr函数在变量BookTitle中查找第一个空格的位置并加上“1”作为起始,这样实际上是从第一个空格后开始的。如果没有指定长度,将得到空格后的所有内容
Replace 替换字符 Function Replace(Expression As String, Find As String, Replace As String, [Start As Long = 1],[Count As Long = -1], [Compare As VbCompareMethod = vbBinaryCompare])AS String Sub TextWork13() Dim FilePath As String Dim FilePath2 As String FilePath = Application.ActiveDesignFile.FullName FilePath2 = Replace(FilePath, "\", "//") MsgBox FilePath & "turns into" & vbCr & FilePath2 End Sub InStr 子串位置 Function InStr([Start],[String1],[String2],[Compare As VbCompareMethod = vbBinaryCompare]) InStrRev反向子串位置 Function InStrRev(StringCheck As String, StringMatch As String, [Start As Long = -1],[Compare As VbCompareMethod = vbBinaryCompare]) As Long Split 分割和 Join联结 Function Split(Expression As String,[Delimiter],[Limit As Long = -1],[Compare As VbCompareMethod = vbBinaryCompare]) Function Join(SourceArray,[Delimiter]) As String Asc 字符到ASCII码 和Chr ASCII码到字符 Function Asc(Stirng As String) As Integer Function Chr(CharCode As Long) FormatCurrency格式化货币 Function FormatCurrency(Expression, [NumDigitaAfterDecimal As Long = -1],[IncludeLeadingDigit As VbTriState = vbUseDefault],[GroupDigits As VbTriState = vbUseDefault])As String FormatNumber格式化数字 Function FormatNumber(Expression,[NumDigitsAfterDecimal As Long =-1],[IncludeLeadingDigit As VbTriState = vbUseDefault],[UseParensForNegativenumbers As VbTriState = vbUseDefault],[GroupDigits As VbTriState = vbUseDefault]) As String FormatDateTime格式化日期 Funcion FormatDateTime(Expression,[NamedFormat As VbDateTimeFormat = vbGeneralDate]) As String Format格式化 Function Format(Expression, [Format],[FirstDayOfWeek As VbDayOfWeek = vbSunday], [FirstWeekOfYear As VbFirstWeekOfYear As VbFirstWeekOfYear = vbSunday],[FirstWeekOfYear As VbFirstWeekOfYear = vbFirstJan1])
&连接符
用来连接字符串
VbCr回车符<Enter>键
VbTab制表符<Tab>键
本章回顾:
字符串是指由文本、字母、数字和其他字符组合的单个文本块。本章集中讲述了如何操作这些字符串,例如大写转化,小写转化。连接字符串,格式化字符串,分割字符串等操作
<F8>可以单步
第8章 操作数字
加、减、乘、除、平方与指数(^2 或者^n)、平方根Sqr