一、近日接到CTO分下来任务，研发部经常使用一批机器来业务测试，准备几台性能好服务器放在IDC房做Linux虚拟化来接入使用。我第一时间想到就是用xen，以前看过这方面资料，但没运用在生产环境上，先从xen实施起，以后在利用openstack打造内部私有云。
二、以下回忆xen原理，具体原理，网上有很多资料查询的到
虚拟化技术的分类：
模拟：著名的模拟器，PearPC, Bochs, QEMU
完全虚拟化：也称为native virtulization
两种加速方式：
BT
HVM
VMware Workstation, VMware Server, Parallels Desktop, KVM, Xen(HVM)
半虚拟化：para-virtualization
xen, uml(user-mode linux)
OS级别的虚拟化:
OpenVZ, lxc
Solaris Containers
FreeBSD jails
库虚拟化：
wine
应用程序虚拟化：
jvm
虚拟化网络：
nat mode
bridge mode
routed mode
isolation mode
Xen的工作模式：
pv: 半虚拟化
fv: 依赖于CPU的HVM
pv on hvm: CPU完全虚拟化，但IO采用半虚拟化；
xen的使用方式：
xen hypervisor
硬件 --> 安装Linux --> 安装xen --> 修改grub，配置其内核为xen，而不再使用原Linux的内核（原Linux的内核和initramfs文件被当作xen的模块）--> 重新编译Linux内核，使得其能够运行于Dom0 --> 重启系统；
DomU: 在Dom0使用工具创建虚拟机-->启动虚拟机-->安装操作系统；
xenserver:
citrix:
xcp: xen cloud platform
工具栈：xm/xend, xl, xapi/xe
libvirt: virsh/libvirtd, virtmanager
二、操作系统
拿公司一台装有linux系统的物理来测试
[[email protected] ~]# cat /etc/issue;uname -r CentOS release 6.3 (Final) Kernel \r on an \m 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64
三、部署安装
[[email protected] ~]# yum install centos-release-xen Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile epel/metalink | 4.8 kB 00:00 * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn epel | 4.3 kB 00:00 epel/primary_db | 5.7 MB 00:13 Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package centos-release-xen.x86_64 10:6-4.el6.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size ========================================================================================================================================================================================================== Installing: centos-release-xen x86_64 10:6-4.el6.centos extras 4.9 k Transaction Summary ========================================================================================================================================================================================================== Install 1 Package(s) Total download size: 4.9 k Installed size: 1.3 k Is this ok [y/N]: y Downloading Packages: centos-release-xen-6-4.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm | 4.9 kB 00:00 Running rpm_check_debug Running Transaction Test Transaction Test Succeeded Running Transaction Installing : 10:centos-release-xen-6-4.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Verifying : 10:centos-release-xen-6-4.el6.centos.x86_64 1/1 Installed: centos-release-xen.x86_64 10:6-4.el6.centos Complete! [[email protected] ~]# yum list xen* Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.skyshe.cn * epel: ftp.cuhk.edu.hk * extras: centos.ustc.edu.cn * updates: centos.ustc.edu.cn Xen4CentOS | 3.4 kB 00:00 Xen4CentOS/primary_db | 150 kB 00:00 Available Packages xen.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xen-debuginfo.x86_64 4.1.2-20.el6 el6-xen xen-devel.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xen-doc.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xen-hypervisor.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xen-libs.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xen-licenses.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xen-ocaml.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xen-ocaml-devel.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xen-runtime.x86_64 4.4.2-7.el6 Xen4CentOS xenserverjava.noarch 5.6.100.1-1.el6 epel xenserverjava-javadoc.noarch 5.6.100.1-1.el6 epel
[[email protected] ~]# ll /boot/xen* -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 855600 8月 3 20:18 /boot/xen-4.4.2-7.el6.gz lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 9月 8 13:20 /boot/xen-4.4.gz -> xen-4.4.2-7.el6.gz lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 18 9月 8 13:20 /boot/xen.gz -> xen-4.4.2-7.el6.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 15925635 8月 3 20:18 /boot/xen-syms-4.4.2-7.el6
安装完支持 Xen 的 Linux 内核后需要加新条目到 grub.conf，以便系统能默认启动带 Xen 的 Linux 内核（而不是常规 Linux 内核），这个操作可以通过 grub-bootxen.sh 自动完成，弄完后打开 grub.conf 文件再次确认一下：
[email protected] ~]# vim /etc/grub.conf # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/sda2 # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS (3.18.17-13.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /xen.gz dom0_mem=1024M,max:1024M loglvl=all guest_loglvl=all module /vmlinuz-3.18.17-13.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=17793804-41a2-4cec-b58d-ffec3766aaf3 rd_NO_LUKS KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD crashkernel=auto LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet module /initramfs-3.18.17-13.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS (2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64 ro root=UUID=17793804-41a2-4cec-b58d-ffec3766aaf3 rd_NO_LUKS KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_MD crashkernel=auto LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8 rd_NO_LVM rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64.img
重启机器reboot
[[email protected] ~]# service xend start 启动 xend 守护进程： [确定] [[email protected] ~]# xm info WARNING: xend/xm is deprecated. host : logicserver release : 3.18.17-13.el6.x86_64 version : #1 SMP Tue Jul 21 17:17:17 UTC 2015 machine : x86_64 nr_cpus : 2 nr_nodes : 1 cores_per_socket : 2 threads_per_core : 1 cpu_mhz : 2993 hw_caps : bfebfbff:28100800:00000000:00007f00:059ae3bf:00000000:00000001:00000281 virt_caps : hvm total_memory : 8068 free_memory : 6951 free_cpus : 0 xen_major : 4 xen_minor : 4 xen_extra : .2-7.el6 xen_caps : xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64 xen_scheduler : credit xen_pagesize : 4096 platform_params : virt_start=0xffff800000000000 xen_changeset : Thu Apr 23 15:06:13 2015 +0100 git:8621d99-dirty xen_commandline : dom0_mem=1024M,max:1024M loglvl=all guest_loglvl=all cc_compiler : gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11) cc_compile_by : mockbuild cc_compile_domain : centos.org cc_compile_date : Mon Aug 3 12:17:58 UTC 2015 xend_config_format : 4
[[email protected] ~]# xm list WARNING: xend/xm is deprecated. Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1021 2 r----- 94.7
另外xl不需要xend服务的，所以在使用它前，需要把xend服务停掉
[[email protected] ~]# service xend stop 正在关闭 xend 守护进程： [确定] [[email protected] ~]# xl info host : logicserver release : 3.18.17-13.el6.x86_64 version : #1 SMP Tue Jul 21 17:17:17 UTC 2015 machine : x86_64 nr_cpus : 2 max_cpu_id : 1 nr_nodes : 1 cores_per_socket : 2 threads_per_core : 1 cpu_mhz : 2993 hw_caps : bfebfbff:28100800:00000000:00007f00:059ae3bf:00000000:00000001:00000281 virt_caps : hvm total_memory : 8068 free_memory : 6951 sharing_freed_memory : 0 sharing_used_memory : 0 outstanding_claims : 0 free_cpus : 0 xen_major : 4 xen_minor : 4 xen_extra : .2-7.el6 xen_version : 4.4.2-7.el6 xen_caps : xen-3.0-x86_64 xen-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_32 hvm-3.0-x86_32p hvm-3.0-x86_64 xen_scheduler : credit xen_pagesize : 4096 platform_params : virt_start=0xffff800000000000 xen_changeset : Thu Apr 23 15:06:13 2015 +0100 git:8621d99-dirty xen_commandline : dom0_mem=1024M,max:1024M loglvl=all guest_loglvl=all cc_compiler : gcc (GCC) 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-11) cc_compile_by : mockbuild cc_compile_domain : centos.org cc_compile_date : Mon Aug 3 12:17:58 UTC 2015 xend_config_format : 4 [[email protected] ~]# xl list Name ID Mem VCPUs State Time(s) Domain-0 0 1021 2 r----- 106.8
时间： 2024-08-08 10:13:25