引言：这写篇文章的出处是因为我的一名学生最近在公司搭建RAC集群，但对其启动与关闭的顺序和原理不是特别清晰，我在教学工作中也发现了很多学员对RAC知识了解甚少，因此我在这里就把RAC里面涉及到的最常用的启动与关闭顺序和命令逐一列举出来，由于RAC的后台资源较多，因此涉及到的命令也很多，最后附上帮助手册让在工作中临时使用时也可以迅速查到，如果这篇文章能够帮到大家就是我今后继续努力撰写的动力，感谢大家对我文章的浏览多提宝贵意见。
关闭过程（CRS集群关闭－>关闭数据库）
1.关闭数据库：
用oracl用户执行srvctl命令
语法：srvctl stop database -d dbname ［-o immediate］
作用：可以一次性关闭dbname的所有实例
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl stop database -d racdb -停止所有节点上的实例
然后查看状态：
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl status database -d racdb
Instance rac1 is not running on node rac1
Instance rac2 is not running on node race
2.停止HAS(High Availability Services)，必须以root用户操作
[[email protected] oracle]# cd /u01/grid/11.2.0/grid/bin
[[email protected] bin]# ./crsctl stop has -f
[[email protected] bin]# ./crsctl stop crs -f
本命令只能关闭当前节点的CRS服务，因此需要在RAC的所有节点上执行，启动也一样。has与crs等同
3.停止节点集群服务，必须以root用户：
[[email protected] oracle]# cd /u01/grid/11.2.0/grid/bin
[[email protected] bin]# ./crsctl stop cluster ----停止本节点集群服务
[[email protected] bin]# ./crsctl stop cluster -all ---停止所有节点服务
也可以如下控制所停节点：
[[email protected] bin]# crsctl stop cluster -n rac1 rac2
CRS-2677: Stop of ‘ora.cssd‘ on ‘rac1‘ succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of ‘ora.cssd‘ on ‘rac2‘ succeeded
。。。。。。。。。。。省略日志输出。。。。。。。。。。。。。。
你如果想一条命令把所有的进程全部停止可以使用上述命令。如果不指定参数的话对当前节点有效，如果指定参数的话对相关参数节点有效。
4.检查集群进程状态
[[email protected] bin]# crsctl check cluster
详细输出
[[email protected] bin]# crs_stat -t -v
只检查本节点的集群状态
[[email protected] bin]# crsctl check crs
启动过程（CRS集群启动－>启动数据库）
1.启动HAS
单一节点启动
[[email protected] ~]# crsctl start has
[[email protected] ~]# crsctl start crs
[[email protected] ~]# crsctl check crs
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
所有节点启动
[[email protected] bin]# crsctl start cluster -n rac1 rac2
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
[[email protected] bin]# crsctl start cluster -all
[[email protected] ~]# crsctl check cluster
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
此命令会在后台启动所有RAC CRS相关进程
[[email protected] ~]# crs_stat -t -v
CRS-0184: Cannot communicate with the CRS daemon.
因为start has启动的crs进程比较多因此会启动的比较慢，我的机器等待了5分钟，在没有完全启动成功之前会报上述错误，需要耐心等待一段时间后执行下面命令即可查看到所有CRS相关进程服务已经启动。
[[email protected] ~]# crs_stat -t -v
Name Type R/RA F/FT Target State Host
----------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg ora....up.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....N1.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....N2.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....N3.lsnr ora....er.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.asm ora.asm.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.cvu ora.cvu.type 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.gsd ora.gsd.type 0/5 0/ OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora....network ora....rk.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.oc4j ora.oc4j.type 0/1 0/2 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.ons ora.ons.type 0/3 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM1.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....C1.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.gsd application 0/5 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac1.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.rac1.vip ora....t1.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora....SM2.asm application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....C2.lsnr application 0/5 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.gsd application 0/5 0/0 OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.rac2.ons application 0/3 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.rac2.vip ora....t1.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora....ry.acfs ora....fs.type 0/5 0/ ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.scan1.vip ora....ip.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac2
ora.scan2.vip ora....ip.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
ora.scan3.vip ora....ip.type 0/0 0/0 ONLINE ONLINE rac1
说明：
英文解释
ora.gsd is OFFLINE by default ifthere is no 9i database in the cluster.
ora.oc4j is OFFLINE in 11.2.0.1 as DatabaseWorkload Management(DBWLM) is unavailable. these can be ignored in11gR2 RAC.
中文解释
ora.gsd是集群服务中用于与9i数据库进行通信的一个进程，在当前版本中为了向后兼容才保存下来，状态为OFFLINE不影响CRS的正常运行与性能，我们忽略即可
ora.oc4j是在11.2.0.2以上版本中有效的服务进程，用于DBWLM的资源管理，因此在11.2.0.1以下版本并没有使用
2.启动数据库：
oracl用户执行srvctl命令：
语法：srvctl start|stop|status database -d dbname ［-o immediate］
作用：可以一次性启动dbname的所有实例
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl start database -d racdb -启动所有节点上的实例
然后查看状态：
[[email protected] ~]$ srvctl status database -d racdb
3.详细输出资源全名称并检查状态
crsctl status resource -t
crsctl status resource
4.常用srvctl命令
指定dbname上某个实例
srvctl start|stop|status instance -d -i <instance_name>
5.显示RAC下所有实例配置与状态
srvctl status|config database -d
6.显示所有节点的应用服务（VIP，GSD，listener，ONS）
srvctl start|stop|status nodeapps -n<node_name>
7.ASM进程服务管理
srvctl start|stop|status|config asm -n [-i <asm_inst_name>] [-o<oracle_home>]
srvctl config asm -a
srvctl status asm -a
6.可以获取所有的环境信息：
srvctl getenv database -d [-i<instance_name>]
7.设置全局环境和变量：
srvctl setenv database -d -t LANG=en
8.在OCR中删除已有的数据库信息
srvctl remove database -d
9.向OCR中添加一个数据库的实例：
srvctl add instance -d -i<instance_name> -n
srvctl add instance -d -i<instance_name> -n
10.检查监听的状态
srvctl status listener
srvctl config listener -a
SCAN配置信息
srvctl config scan
SCAN listener状态信息
srvctl status scan
小结：crsctl命令是一个集群级别命令，可以对所有集群资源进行统一启动、停止等管理操作
srvctl命令是一个服务级别命令，可以对单一服务资源进行统一启动、停止等管理操作
附：srvctl命令启动与停止的详细帮助
[[email protected] ~]# srvctl start -h
The SRVCTL start command starts, Oracle Clusterware enabled, non-running objects.
Usage: srvctl start database -d <db_unique_name>[-o <start_options>] [-n ]
Usage: srvctl start instance -d <db_unique_name>{-n <node_name>[-i <inst_name>] | -i <inst_name_list>} [-o <start_options>]
Usage: srvctl start service -d <db_unique_name>[-s "<service_name_list>" [-n <node_name>| -i <inst_name>] ] [-o <start_options>]
Usage: srvctl start nodeapps [-n <node_name>] [-g] [-v]
Usage: srvctl start vip { -n <node_name>| -i <vip_name>} [-v]
Usage: srvctl start asm [-n <node_name>] [-o <start_options>]
Usage: srvctl start listener [-l <lsnr_name>] [-n <node_name>]
Usage: srvctl start scan [-i <ordinal_number>] [-n <node_name>]
Usage: srvctl start scan_listener [-n <node_name>] [-i <ordinal_number>]
Usage: srvctl start oc4j [-v]
Usage: srvctl start home -o <oracle_home>-s <state_file>-n <node_name>
Usage: srvctl start filesystem -d <volume_device>[-n <node_name>]
Usage: srvctl start diskgroup -g <dg_name>[-n "<node_list>"]
Usage: srvctl start gns [-l <log_level>] [-n <node_name>] [-v]
Usage: srvctl start cvu [-n <node_name>]
For detailed help on each command and object and its options use:
srvctl -h
[[email protected] ~]# srvctl stop -h
The SRVCTL stop command stops, Oracle Clusterware enabled, starting or running objects.
Usage: srvctl stop database -d <db_unique_name>[-o <stop_options>] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop instance -d <db_unique_name>{-n <node_name>| -i <inst_name_list>} [-o <stop_options>] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop service -d <db_unique_name>[-s "<service_name_list>" [-n <node_name>| -i <inst_name>] ] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop nodeapps [-n <node_name>] [-g] [-f] [-r] [-v]
Usage: srvctl stop vip { -n <node_name> | -i <vip_name>} [-f] [-r] [-v]
Usage: srvctl stop asm [-n <node_name>] [-o <stop_options>] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop listener [-l <lsnr_name>] [-n <node_name>] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop scan [-i <ordinal_number>] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop scan_listener [-i <ordinal_number>] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop oc4j [-f] [-v]
Usage: srvctl stop home -o <oracle_home>-s <state_file>-n <node_name>[-t <stop_options>] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop filesystem -d <volume_device>[-n <node_name>] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop diskgroup -g <dg_name>[-n "<node_list>"] [-f]
Usage: srvctl stop gns [-n <node_name>] [-f] [-v]
Usage: srvctl stop cvu [-f]
For detailed help on each command and object and its options use:
srvctl -h
转：http://blog.itpub.net/26686207/viewspace-1604807/