Cocoa过滤器NSPredicate入门使用

第一次使用NSPredicate类，这个类主要做数据过滤。比如数组根据条件过滤对象，过滤对象是否包含对象，支持正则表达式。作用等同于sql条件查询，由于是系统类，效率更高一些。

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例子1：数组根据对象属性过滤对象

@interface Person : NSObject

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;

@property (nonatomic, retain) NSNumber *age;

定义一个Person类，拥有name和age属性

   NSMutableArray *array = [NSMutableArray array];

        for (int i = 0; i<10; i++) {
            Person *person = [[Person alloc]init];
            [person setAge:[NSNumber numberWithInteger:i]];
            if (i<5) {
                [person setName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Jack-%d",i]];
            }else{
                [person setName:[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Tom-%d",i]];
            }
            [array addObject:person];
        }

        NSPredicate *predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"age>5"];

        for (Person *person in array) {
            if ([predicate evaluateWithObject:person]) {
                NSLog(@"满足条件，我是:%@",person);
            }
        }

创建10个Person对象，存入array数组中

然后，创建一个predicate对象，过滤条件是age属性>5的Person对象

用for in 遍历数组，调用方式如下，evaluateWithObject是比较对象是否满足条件，满足即可打印。

如果不实用for in遍历，还可以用数组的过滤获得满足条件的新数组。

NSArray *arr = [array filteredArrayUsingPredicate:predicate];

用如上一句代替最后的for in遍历获得新数组arr，里面存的就是满足条件age>5的Person对象。

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Cocoa用NSPredicate描述查询的方式，原理类似于在数据库中进行查询
计算谓词：
//基本的查询
NSPredicate *predicate;
predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name == 'Herbie'"];
    BOOL match = [predicate evaluateWithObject: car];
    NSLog (@"%s", (match) ? "YES" : "NO");  

//在整个cars里面循环比较
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > 150"];
    NSArray *cars = [garage cars];
    for (Car *car in [garage cars]) {
        if ([predicate evaluateWithObject: car]) {
            NSLog (@"%@", car.name);
        }
    }  

//输出完整的信息
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower > 150"];
    NSArray *results;
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);  

//含有变量的谓词
    NSPredicate *predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:@"name == $NAME"];
    NSDictionary *varDict;
    varDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
               @"Herbie", @"NAME", nil];
    predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];
    NSLog(@"SNORGLE: %@", predicate);
    match = [predicate evaluateWithObject: car];
  NSLog (@"%s", (match) ? "YES" : "NO");
//注意不能使用$VARIABLE作为路径名，因为它值代表值  

//谓词字符窜还支持c语言中一些常用的运算符
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
                 @"(engine.horsepower > 50) AND (engine.horsepower < 200)"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"oop %@", results);  

    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name < 'Newton'"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);  

//强大的数组运算符
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat:
                 @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN { 50, 200 }"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);  

    NSArray *betweens = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:
                         [NSNumber numberWithInt: 50], [NSNumber numberWithInt: 200], nil];
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN %@", betweens];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
    predicateTemplate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"engine.horsepower BETWEEN $POWERS"];
    varDict = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: betweens, @"POWERS", nil];
    predicate = [predicateTemplate predicateWithSubstitutionVariables: varDict];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);  

//IN运算符
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF.name IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", [results valueForKey: @"name"]);  

    names = [cars valueForKey: @"name"];
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"SELF IN { 'Herbie', 'Snugs', 'Badger', 'Flap' }"];
    results = [names filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];//这里限制了SELF的范围
    NSLog (@"%@", results);
//BEGINSWITH,ENDSWITH,CONTAINS  

//附加符号，[c],[d],[cd],c表示不区分大小写，d表示不区分发音字符，cd表示什么都不区分
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH 'Bad'"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);  

    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH 'HERB'"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);  

    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name BEGINSWITH[cd] 'HERB'"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);  

//LIKE运算符（通配符）
    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name LIKE[cd] '*er*'"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);  

    predicate = [NSPredicate predicateWithFormat: @"name LIKE[cd] '???er*'"];
    results = [cars filteredArrayUsingPredicate: predicate];
    NSLog (@"%@", results);