【Linux】Mutex互斥量线程同步的例子

0、互斥量

 Windows下的互斥量

是个内核对象，每次WaitForSingleObject和ReleaseMutex时都会检查当前线程ID和占有互斥量的线程ID是否一致。

当多次Wait**时就要对应多次ReleaseMutex， 当ReleaseMutex过多次数时如果发现当前占有互斥量的线程ID和当前调用ReleaseMutex的线程ID不一致时仅仅返回FLASE，GetLastError返回ERROR_NOT_OWNER，没有其他副作用。

当占有mutex的线程在Release之前退出时，该mutex被【遗弃】，此时系统自动收回mutex，可供其他线程申请。

允许多次等待

WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, time);

WaitForSingleObject(hMutex, itme);

多次等待 对应多次释放

ReleaseMutex(hMutex);

ReleaseMutex(hMutex);

Linux下的互斥量

可以设置互斥量的属性是否为可以被同一个线程多次lock，  还可以设置该互斥量的范围，即是用于进程之间同步 还是 同一进程不同线程之间的同步。

相关API 将说明见代码注释部分。

1、相关API

//Initialize a mutex with attribute(can be NULL)
int pthread_mutex_init(
     pthread_mutex_t* mutex,
     const pthread_mutexattr_t* mutexattr);                                                                           

//lock a mutex
int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex);                                                                       

//ulock a mutex
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex);                                                                     

//destroy a mutex
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t* mutex);                                                                    

int pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(
      pthread_mutexattr_t* mattr,
      int pshared  //PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARE | PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE
      );                                                                                                              

int pthread_mutexattr_getshared(
pthread_mutexattr_t* mattr,
int* pshared);                                                                                                        

int pthread_mutexattr_settype(
     pthread_mutexattr_t* attr,
     int type  //PTHREAD_MUTEX_TIMED_NP -- default value
               //PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURISIVE_NP -- allow a thread lock multitimes
               //PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK_NO -- check error lock, return EDEADLK if the same thread want to LOCK
               //PTHREAD_MUTEX_ADAPTIVE_NO -- adaptive lock, the simplest lock
)                                                                                                                     

int pthread_mutexattr_gettype(
     pthread_mutexattr_t* attr,
     int* type
)                                                                                                                     

2、demo

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>

using namespace std;

/***********************************************
 *
 * Initialize a mutex with attribute(can be NULL)
 * int pthread_mutex_init(
 *      pthread_mutex_t* mutex,
 *      const pthread_mutexattr_t* mutexattr);
 *
 * lock a mutex
 * int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex);
 *
 * unlock a mutex
 * int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t* mutex);
 *
 * destroy a mutex
 * int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t* mutex);
 *
 * int pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(
 *       pthread_mutexattr_t* mattr,
 *       int pshared  //PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARE | PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE
 *       );
 *
 * int pthread_mutexattr_getshared(
 * pthread_mutexattr_t* mattr,
 * int* pshared);
 *
 * int pthread_mutexattr_settype(
 *         pthread_mutexattr_t* attr,
 *         int type  //PTHREAD_MUTEX_TIMED_NP -- default value
 *                   //PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURISIVE_NP -- allow a thread lock multitimes
 *                   //PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK_NO -- check error lock, return EDEADLK if the same thread want to LOCK
 *                   //PTHREAD_MUTEX_ADAPTIVE_NO -- adaptive lock, the simplest lock
 * )
 *
 *
 * int pthread_mutexattr_gettype(
 *         pthread_mutexattr_t* attr,
 *         int* type
 * )
 * *********************************************/

void* work_thread(void* p)
{
    if (NULL == p)
        return  const_cast<char*>("invalid thread argument");

    pthread_mutex_t* pMutex = (pthread_mutex_t*)(p);

    //current thread ID
    pthread_t nThreadID = pthread_self();

    int i = 0;
    while(++ i <= 3)
    {
        //lock multi times
        pthread_mutex_lock(pMutex);
        pthread_mutex_lock(pMutex);

        cout << "Thread " << nThreadID << " is Running! " << endl;    

        //and so unlock multi times
        pthread_mutex_unlock(pMutex);
        pthread_mutex_unlock(pMutex);
        usleep(1000 * 1); //1 miliseconds
    }

    return const_cast<char*>("------ finish -----------");

}

void* work_thread2(void* p)
{
    if (NULL == p)
        return  const_cast<char*>("invalid thread argument");

    pthread_mutex_t* pMutex = (pthread_mutex_t*)(p);

    //current thread ID
    pthread_t nThreadID = pthread_self();

    int i = 0;
    while(++ i <= 3)
    {
        //if current thread can not enter mutex,
        //and the function pthread_mutex_trylock will RETURN Immediatly
        if ( EBUSY == pthread_mutex_trylock(pMutex))
            cout << "Other thread is lock the resouce, i am waiting.." << endl;
        else
        {
            cout << "Thread " << nThreadID << " is Running! " << endl;
            pthread_mutex_unlock(pMutex);
            usleep(1000 * 1); //1 miliseconds
        }

    }
    return const_cast<char*>("------ finish -----------");

}

int main()
{
    const size_t nThreadCount = 3;
    pthread_t threadIDs[nThreadCount];
    int nRet = -1;
    pthread_mutex_t mutex;
    pthread_mutexattr_t mutexattr;
    void* pRet = NULL; //thread return value

    //allow a thread lock multi times
    nRet = pthread_mutexattr_settype(&mutexattr, PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE_NP);

    nRet = pthread_mutex_init(&mutex, &mutexattr);
    if (0 != nRet)
        return -1;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < nThreadCount - 1; ++ i)
    {
        nRet = pthread_create(&threadIDs[i], NULL, work_thread, (void*)(&mutex));
        if (0 != nRet)
            continue;
    }    

    nRet = pthread_create(&threadIDs[nThreadCount - 1], NULL, work_thread2, (void*)(&mutex));
    if (0 != nRet)
        cerr << endl << "work_thread2 created falied! " << endl;

    for (size_t i = 0; i < nThreadCount; ++ i)
    {
        nRet = pthread_join(threadIDs[i], &pRet);
        if (0 == nRet)
        {
            cout << " Thread " << threadIDs[i] << " Finished ! "                 " It‘s return value is " << (char*)pRet << endl;
        }

    }

    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);

    return 0;
}

3、执行结果