[Swift Weekly Contest 119]LeetCode975. 奇偶跳 | Odd Even Jump

You are given an integer array A.  From some starting index, you can make a series of jumps.  The (1st, 3rd, 5th, ...) jumps in the series are called odd numbered jumps, and the (2nd, 4th, 6th, ...) jumps in the series are called even numbered jumps.

You may from index i jump forward to index j (with i < j) in the following way:

• During odd numbered jumps (ie. jumps 1, 3, 5, ...), you jump to the index j such that A[i] <= A[j] and A[j] is the smallest possible value.  If there are multiple such indexes j, you can only jump to the smallest such index j.
• During even numbered jumps (ie. jumps 2, 4, 6, ...), you jump to the index j such that A[i] >= A[j] and A[j] is the largest possible value.  If there are multiple such indexes j, you can only jump to the smallestsuch index j.
• (It may be the case that for some index i, there are no legal jumps.)

A starting index is good if, starting from that index, you can reach the end of the array (index A.length - 1) by jumping some number of times (possibly 0 or more than once.)

Return the number of good starting indexes.

Example 1:

Input: [10,13,12,14,15]
Output: 2
Explanation:
From starting index i = 0, we can jump to i = 2 (since A[2] is the smallest among A[1], A[2], A[3], A[4] that is greater or equal to A[0]), then we can‘t jump any more.
From starting index i = 1 and i = 2, we can jump to i = 3, then we can‘t jump any more.
From starting index i = 3, we can jump to i = 4, so we‘ve reached the end.
From starting index i = 4, we‘ve reached the end already.
In total, there are 2 different starting indexes (i = 3, i = 4) where we can reach the end with some number of jumps.

Example 2:

Input: [2,3,1,1,4]
Output: 3
Explanation:
From starting index i = 0, we make jumps to i = 1, i = 2, i = 3:

During our 1st jump (odd numbered), we first jump to i = 1 because A[1] is the smallest value in (A[1], A[2], A[3], A[4]) that is greater than or equal to A[0].

During our 2nd jump (even numbered), we jump from i = 1 to i = 2 because A[2] is the largest value in (A[2], A[3], A[4]) that is less than or equal to A[1].  A[3] is also the largest value, but 2 is a smaller index, so we can only jump to i = 2 and not i = 3.

During our 3rd jump (odd numbered), we jump from i = 2 to i = 3 because A[3] is the smallest value in (A[3], A[4]) that is greater than or equal to A[2].

We can‘t jump from i = 3 to i = 4, so the starting index i = 0 is not good.

In a similar manner, we can deduce that:
From starting index i = 1, we jump to i = 4, so we reach the end.
From starting index i = 2, we jump to i = 3, and then we can‘t jump anymore.
From starting index i = 3, we jump to i = 4, so we reach the end.
From starting index i = 4, we are already at the end.
In total, there are 3 different starting indexes (i = 1, i = 3, i = 4) where we can reach the end with some number of jumps.

Example 3:

Input: [5,1,3,4,2]
Output: 3
Explanation:
We can reach the end from starting indexes 1, 2, and 4. 

Note:

1. 1 <= A.length <= 20000
2. 0 <= A[i] < 100000

你可以按以下方式从索引 i 向后跳转到索引 j（其中 i < j）：

• 在进行奇数跳跃时（如，第 1，3，5... 次跳跃），你将会跳到索引 j，使得 A[i] <= A[j]，A[j] 是可能的最小值。如果存在多个这样的索引 j，你只能跳到满足要求的最小索引 j 上。
• 在进行偶数跳跃时（如，第 2，4，6... 次跳跃），你将会跳到索引 j，使得 A[i] => A[j]，A[j] 是可能的最大值。如果存在多个这样的索引 j，你只能跳到满足要求的最小索引 j 上。
• （对于某些索引 i，可能无法进行合乎要求的跳跃。）

如果从某一索引开始跳跃一定次数（可能是 0 次或多次），就可以到达数组的末尾（索引 A.length - 1），那么该索引就会被认为是好的起始索引。

返回好的起始索引的数量。

示例 1：

输入：[10,13,12,14,15]
输出：2
解释：
从起始索引 i = 0 出发，我们可以跳到 i = 2，（因为 A[2] 是 A[1]，A[2]，A[3]，A[4] 中大于或等于 A[0] 的最小值），然后我们就无法继续跳下去了。
从起始索引 i = 1 和 i = 2 出发，我们可以跳到 i = 3，然后我们就无法继续跳下去了。
从起始索引 i = 3 出发，我们可以跳到 i = 4，到达数组末尾。
从起始索引 i = 4 出发，我们已经到达数组末尾。
总之，我们可以从 2 个不同的起始索引（i = 3, i = 4）出发，通过一定数量的跳跃到达数组末尾。

示例 2：

输入：[2,3,1,1,4]
输出：3
解释：
从起始索引 i=0 出发，我们依次可以跳到 i = 1，i = 2，i = 3：

在我们的第一次跳跃（奇数）中，我们先跳到 i = 1，因为 A[1] 是（A[1]，A[2]，A[3]，A[4]）中大于或等于 A[0] 的最小值。

在我们的第二次跳跃（偶数）中，我们从 i = 1 跳到 i = 2，因为 A[2] 是（A[2]，A[3]，A[4]）中小于或等于 A[1] 的最大值。A[3] 也是最大的值，但 2 是一个较小的索引，所以我们只能跳到 i = 2，而不能跳到 i = 3。

在我们的第三次跳跃（奇数）中，我们从 i = 2 跳到 i = 3，因为 A[3] 是（A[3]，A[4]）中大于或等于 A[2] 的最小值。

我们不能从 i = 3 跳到 i = 4，所以起始索引 i = 0 不是好的起始索引。

类似地，我们可以推断：
从起始索引 i = 1 出发， 我们跳到 i = 4，这样我们就到达数组末尾。
从起始索引 i = 2 出发， 我们跳到 i = 3，然后我们就不能再跳了。
从起始索引 i = 3 出发， 我们跳到 i = 4，这样我们就到达数组末尾。
从起始索引 i = 4 出发，我们已经到达数组末尾。
总之，我们可以从 3 个不同的起始索引（i = 1, i = 3, i = 4）出发，通过一定数量的跳跃到达数组末尾。

示例 3：

输入：[5,1,3,4,2]
输出：3
解释：
我们可以从起始索引 1，2，4 出发到达数组末尾。 

提示：

1. 1 <= A.length <= 20000
2. 0 <= A[i] < 100000

 1 class Solution {
 2     func oddEvenJumps(_ A: [Int]) -> Int {
 3         var n:Int = A.count
 4         var res:Int = 1
 5         var higher:[Bool] = [Bool](repeating:false,count:n)
 6         var lower:[Bool] = [Bool](repeating:false,count:n)
 7         higher[n - 1] = true
 8         lower[n - 1] = true
 9         var map:[Int:Int] = [Int:Int]()
10         map[A[n - 1]] = n - 1
11         for i in stride(from:n - 2,through:0,by:-1)
12         {
13             var hi:Int? = nil
14             for num in map.keys
15             {
16                 if num >= A[i]
17                 {
18                     if hi == nil
19                     {
20                         hi = num
21                     }
22                     else
23                     {
24                         if num < hi!
25                         {
26                             hi = num
27                         }
28                     }
29                 }
30             }
31             var lo:Int? = nil
32             for num in map.keys
33             {
34                 if num <= A[i]
35                 {
36                     if lo == nil
37                     {
38                         lo = num
39                     }
40                     else
41                     {
42                         if num > lo!
43                         {
44                             lo = num
45                         }
46                     }
47                 }
48             }
49             if hi != nil && map[hi!] != nil
50             {
51                 higher[i] = lower[map[hi!]!]
52             }
53
54             if lo != nil && map[lo!] != nil
55             {
56                 lower[i] = higher[map[lo!]!]
57             }
58             if higher[i]
59             {
60                 res += 1
61             }
62             map[A[i]] = i
63         }
64         return res
65     }
66 }

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/strengthen/p/10262689.html