1. 快速开始
1.1概述:
Zookeeper是Hadoop的一个子项目,它是分布式系统中的协调系统,可提供的服务主要有:配置服务、名字服务、分布式同步、组服务等。
1.2 使用常见
1.2.1 统一配置
把配置放在ZooKeeper的节点中维护,当配置变更时,客户端可以收到变更的通知,并应用最新的配置。
1.2.2,集群管理
集群中的节点,创建ephemeral的节点,一旦断开连接,ephemeral的节点会消失,其它的集群机器可以收到消息。
1.2.3 分布式锁
多个客户端发起节点创建操作,只有一个客户端创建成功,从而获得锁。
1.3 安装和配置
通过官方下载链接zookeeper 进行下载,解压后进入conf目录,新建一个zoo.conf文件,配置内容如下:
tickTime=2000 dataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/data dataLogDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/dataLog clientPort=4399 initLimit=5 syncLimit=2
tickTime: ZooKeeper基本时间单位(ms)
initLimit: 指定了启动zookeeper时,zookeeper实例中的随从实例同步到领导实例的初始化连接时间限制,超出时间限制则连接失败(以tickTime为时间单位);
syncLimit: 指定了zookeeper正常运行时,主从节点之间同步数据的时间限制,若超过这个时间限制,那么随从实例将会被丢弃
dataDir: zookeeper存放数据的目录;
clientPort: 用于连接客户端的端口
接下来进入bin目录启动ZooKeeper实例以及客户端连接:
./zkServer.sh start ./zkCli.sh -server localhost:4399
接下来看看集群如何配置,其实跟单机差不多,这里我们把刚刚下载的Zookeeper复制多两份,一共是三个,配置信息如下:
tickTime=2000 dataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/data dataDir=/Users/lsq/Documents/zookeeper/zookeeper0/dataLog clientPort=4399 initLimit=5 syncLimit=2 server.1=127.0.0.1:8880:9990 server.2=127.0.0.1:8881:9991 server.3=127.0.0.1:8882:9992
三个文件夹下面的zoo.conf都是这个格式,需要修改dataDir,dataDir,clientPort,
然后在dataDir所指向的目录下面新建一个myid文件,对应server.x,比如第一个文件夹下面的myid就填入一个1,第二个就填入一个2,以此类推。接着依次启动即可。可以采用下面的命令
echo "1" > myid
2.使用java来操作ZooKeeper实例
一门技术最重要的就算实战了,接下来的内容将围绕这一部分来讲。
首先是Znode的创建和删除
Znode有两种类型:短暂的和持久的。短暂的znode在创建的客户端与服务器端断开(无论是明确的断开还是故障断开)连接时,该znode都会被删除;相反,持久的znode则不会
public class CreateGroup implements Watcher { //会话延时 private static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 1000; //zk对象 private ZooKeeper zk = null; //同步计数器 private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); //客户端连接到服务器时会触发观察者进行调用 public void process(WatchedEvent event) { if(event.getState() == KeeperState.SyncConnected){ countDownLatch.countDown();//计数器减一 } } public void connect(String hosts) throws IOException, InterruptedException { zk = new ZooKeeper(hosts, SESSION_TIMEOUT, this); countDownLatch.await();//阻塞程序继续执行 } //创建GROUP public void create(String groupName) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{ String path = "/" + groupName; //允许任何客户端对该znode进行读写,以及znode进行持久化 String createPath = zk.create(path, null, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE, CreateMode.PERSISTENT); System.out.println("Created "+createPath); } //关闭zk public void close() throws InterruptedException{ if(zk != null){ try { zk.close(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw e; }finally{ zk = null; System.gc(); } } } //测试主类 public static void main(String args[]){ String host = "127.0.0.1:4399"; String groupName = "test"; CreateGroup createGroup = new CreateGroup(); try { createGroup.connect(host); createGroup.create(groupName); createGroup.close(); createGroup = null; System.gc(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (KeeperException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
接下来把创建和销毁分离出来作为一个独立的类,以后相关操作可以直接使用
public class ConnetctionWatcher implements Watcher { private static final int SESSION_TIMEOUT = 5000; protected ZooKeeper zk = null; private CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1); public void process(WatchedEvent event) { KeeperState state = event.getState(); if(state == KeeperState.SyncConnected){ countDownLatch.countDown(); } } public void connection(String hosts) throws IOException, InterruptedException { zk = new ZooKeeper(hosts, SESSION_TIMEOUT, this); countDownLatch.await(); } public void close() throws InterruptedException { if (null != zk) { try { zk.close(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw e; }finally{ zk = null; System.gc(); } } } }
接下来我们看看节点如何删除
public class DeleteGroup extends ConnetctionWatcher { public void delete(String groupName) { String path = "/" + groupName; try { List<String> children = zk.getChildren(path, false); for(String child : children){ zk.delete(path + "/" + child, -1); } zk.delete(path, -1);//版本号为-1, } catch (KeeperException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
3. 利用java实现分布式Barrier
Barrier是一种控制和协调多个任务触发次序的机制。简单来说就是用一个屏障把将要执行的任务拦住,等待所有任务都处于可运行状态才放开屏障,其实在单机上我们可以利用CyclicBarrier来实现这个机制,但是在分布式环境下,我们可以利用ZooKeeper可以派上用场,我们可以利用一个Node来作为Barrier的实体,然后要Barrier的任务通过调用exists检测是否Node存在,当需要打开Barrier时候,删除这个Node,这样ZooKeeper的watch机制会通知到各个任务可以开始执行。接下来看代码:
public class Barrier extends SyncPrimitive { int size; String name; Barrier(String address, String root, int size) { super(address); this.root = root; this.size = size; //创建Barrier的Node if (zk != null) { try { Stat s = zk.exists(root, false); if (s == null) { zk.create(root, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT); } } catch (KeeperException e) { System.out.println("Keeper exception when instantiating queue: " + e.toString()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Interrupted exception"); } } try { name = new String(InetAddress.getLocalHost().getCanonicalHostName().toString()); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); } } /** * 加入Barrier等待 */ boolean enter() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{ zk.create(root + "/" + name, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.EPHEMERAL_SEQUENTIAL); while (true) { synchronized (mutex) { List<String> list = zk.getChildren(root, true); if (list.size() < size) { mutex.wait(); } else { return true; } } } } /** * 一直等待知道指定数量节点到达 */ boolean leave() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{ zk.delete(root + "/" + name, 0); while (true) { synchronized (mutex) { List<String> list = zk.getChildren(root, true); if (list.size() > 0) { mutex.wait(); } else { return true; } } } } }
父类代码如下
public class SyncPrimitive implements Watcher { static ZooKeeper zk = null; static Integer mutex; //根节点 String root; SyncPrimitive(String address) { if(zk == null){ try { System.out.println("Starting ZK:"); zk = new ZooKeeper(address, 3000, this); mutex = new Integer(-1); System.out.println("Finished starting ZK: " + zk); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println(e.toString()); zk = null; } } //else mutex = new Integer(-1); } synchronized public void process(WatchedEvent event) { synchronized (mutex) { System.out.println("Process: " + event.getType()); mutex.notify(); } } public static void queueTest(String args[]) { Queue q = new Queue(args[1], "/app1"); System.out.println("Input: " + args[1]); int i; Integer max = new Integer(args[2]); if (args[3].equals("p")) { System.out.println("Producer"); for (i = 0; i < max; i++) try{ q.produce(10 + i); } catch (KeeperException e){ } catch (InterruptedException e){ } } else { System.out.println("Consumer"); for (i = 0; i < max; i++) { try{ int r = q.consume(); System.out.println("Item: " + r); } catch (KeeperException e){ i--; } catch (InterruptedException e){ } } } } public static void barrierTest(String args[]) { Barrier b = new Barrier(args[1], "/b1", new Integer(args[2])); try{ boolean flag = b.enter(); System.out.println("Entered barrier: " + args[2]); if(!flag) System.out.println("Error when entering the barrier"); } catch (KeeperException e){ } catch (InterruptedException e){ } Random rand = new Random(); int r = rand.nextInt(100); for (int i = 0; i < r; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(100); } catch (InterruptedException e) { } } try{ b.leave(); } catch (KeeperException e){ } catch (InterruptedException e){ } System.out.println("Left barrier"); } //测试用的主类 public static void main(String args[]) { /* args =new String[] {"qTest","localhost:4399","3","c"}; if (args[0].equals("qTest")) queueTest(args); else barrierTest(args); */ } }
4. 分布式队列(Queue)
在分布式环境下,实现Queue需要高一致性来保证,那么我们可以这样来设计。把一个Node当成一个队列,然后children用来存储内容,利用ZooKeeper提供的顺序递增的模式(会自动在name后面加入一个递增的数字来插入新元素)。于是在offer时候我们可以使用create,take时候按照顺序把children第一个delete就可以了。ZooKeeper保证了各个server上数据是一致的。废话不多说了,直接看代码
/** * 一个消费者-生产者模式的消息队列 */ public class Queue extends SyncPrimitive { Queue(String address, String name) { super(address); this.root = name; if (zk != null) { try { Stat s = zk.exists(root, false); if (s == null) { zk.create(root, new byte[0], Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT); } } catch (KeeperException e) { System.out.println("Keeper exception when instantiating queue: " + e.toString()); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Interrupted exception"); } } } /** * 队列中插入数据 */ boolean produce(int i) throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{ ByteBuffer b = ByteBuffer.allocate(4); byte[] value; b.putInt(i); value = b.array(); zk.create(root + "/element", value, Ids.OPEN_ACL_UNSAFE,CreateMode.PERSISTENT_SEQUENTIAL); return true; } /** * 把元素从队列中移除 */ int consume() throws KeeperException, InterruptedException{ int retvalue = -1; Stat stat = null; //得到现在队列中首个可用的节点 while (true) { synchronized (mutex) { List<String> list = zk.getChildren(root, true); if (list.size() == 0) { System.out.println("Going to wait"); mutex.wait(); } else { Integer min = new Integer(list.get(0).substring(7)); for(String s : list){ Integer tempValue = new Integer(s.substring(7)); //System.out.println("Temporary value: " + tempValue); if(tempValue < min) min = tempValue; } System.out.println("Temporary value: " + root + "/element" + min); byte[] b = zk.getData(root + "/element" + min, false, stat); zk.delete(root + "/element" + min, 0); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.wrap(b); retvalue = buffer.getInt(); return retvalue; } } } } }
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/lenmom/p/10295024.html