1-指定导航属性,会自动生成外键,命名规则为:“表名_主键名”
2-默认情况下与导航属性的主键名称相同的字段会自动被标记为外键
3-通过[ForeignKey]标记指定实体类的属性为外键,
4-方式2的升级版,与导航属性的主键名称相同的字段会自动被标记为外键,然后指定字段对应的数据库中的列名
案例:
组织架构n : 1【组织用户关联】1 :n用户
using System; /** * 作者:陈杰 * 时间:2012-08-10 00:25 * 功能:公共字段接口 **/ namespace ElegantWM.EntityModel { public interface IEntity { Guid Id { get; set; } string CreateUser { get; set; } DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } string ModifyUser { get; set; } DateTime? ModifyTime { get; set; } Byte[] RowVersion { get; set; } } }
using System; using System.Collections; using System.ComponentModel; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; /** * 作者:陈杰 * 时间:2012-08-10 00:25 * 功能:公共字段接口实现类 **/ namespace ElegantWM.EntityModel { public class Entity:IEntity { public Guid Id { get; set; } public string CreateUser { get; set; } public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } public string ModifyUser { get; set; } public DateTime? ModifyTime { get; set; } [Timestamp] public Byte[] RowVersion { get; set; } } }
以上两个类为数据库实体的公共属性,但随着业务的复杂度增加,感觉提取实体的公共字段并不是很妥当,可适当折中考虑。
/* 组织架构实体 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ElegantWM.EntityModel { public class WMS_Org : Entity { public WMS_Org() { } public string OrgName { get; set; } public string OrgDesc { get; set; } public int OrgOrder { get; set; } public string OrgFatherId { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<WMS_OrgUser> OrgUserIds { get; set; } } }
/* 用户实体 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ElegantWM.EntityModel { public class WMS_User : Entity { public WMS_User() { } public string UserName { get; set; } public string NickName { get; set; } public string UserPwd { get; set; } public string Sex { get; set; } public string Phone { get; set; } public string Email { get; set; } public string QQ { get; set; } public string Address { get; set; } public string Remark { get; set; } public virtual ICollection<WMS_OrgUser> UserOrgIds { get; set; } } }
/* 用户和组织架构的关系 */ using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema; using System.Linq; using System.Text; namespace ElegantWM.EntityModel { public class WMS_OrgUser : Entity { public WMS_OrgUser() { } //3. 指定外键的方式 public Guid OrgId { get; set; } [ForeignKey("OrgId")] public virtual WMS_Org Org { get; set; } public Guid UserId { get; set; } [ForeignKey("UserId")] public virtual WMS_User User { get; set; } //1. 不指定外键,EF默认会生成 对象_表对象ID,也就是Org_Id,User_Id public virtual WMS_Org Org { get; set; } public virtual WMS_User User { get; set; } } //2. 不适合本案例,因为所有对象的主键都是ID,自动识别 public Guid Id { get; set; } public virtual WMS_Org Org { get; set; } ...... //4. 指定数据库真实外键名称 [Column("OrgID")] public Guid Id { get; set; } public virtual WMS_Org Org { get; set; } }
根据上面的4个原则,可以在组合出符合自己实际业务的关联类。
建立好了关联类后,需要注意的是,数据库中外键类型必须和主表的主键类型一致,当然外键关系你可以不用强制建立,但类型必须一直,否则会出错。
关联的对象注意声明为virtual,以供延迟加载。
当 EF 访问实体的子实体的时候是如何工作的呢?你的集合是 POCO 的集合,所以,在访问的时候没有事件发生,EF 通过从你定义的实体派生一个动态的对象,然后覆盖你的子实体集合访问属性来实现。这就是为什么需要标记你的子实体集合属性为 virtual 的原因。
执行EF的操作,验证
//1.创建关系 WMS_OrgUser ou = new WMS_OrgUser(); ou.OrgId = Guid.Parse("79DDB55A-1587-4928-A312-58DA0C091459"); ou.UserId = Guid.Parse("9E99FBCF-1517-4ACA-A81D-AE3535AF8E37"); WMFactory.WMSOrgUser.Insert(ou); //2. 根据关系,已知组织ID,获取用户 WMS_OrgUser orguser = WMFactory.WMSOrgUser.GetById("7E632B62-B8EC-4D58-AE94-A412868146E7"); //正常获取了用户对象,正常打印用户昵称 string name = orguser.User.NickName; //3.测试贪婪加载,见文章后面 orguser = WMFactory.WMSOrgUser.TestNoLazyLoading(Guid.Parse("7E632B62-B8EC-4D58-AE94-A412868146E7")); //4.获取组织架构下的用户 WMS_Org org = WMFactory.WMSOrg.GetById("79DDB55A-1587-4928-A312-58DA0C091459"); ICollection<WMS_OrgUser> coll = org.OrgUserIds; orguser = coll.ToList()[0]; string orguserid=orguser.Id.ToString(); string orgusername = orguser.User.NickName;
关于延迟加载和贪婪加载
1.延迟加载,当对象使用的时候,再去数据库中加载,例如上面的orguser.User,当我调用这句话的时候,EF会到数据库中加载数据
EF默认是开启延迟加载的,禁用如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Data.Entity; using System.Data.Entity.Infrastructure; using System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.Conventions; using ElegantWM.EntityModel; using System.Configuration; /** * 作者:陈杰 * QQ:710782046 * 时间:2012-08-10 * 功能:EF配置文件,支持多数据库 **/ namespace ElegantWM.DAL { public class DB : DbContext { //public static readonly log4net.ILog log = log4net.LogManager.GetLogger(System.Reflection.MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType); //配置连接串,默认数据库DefaultDB public DB(string _ConnectStr) : base() { Database.Connection.ConnectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings[_ConnectStr].ToString(); Database.SetInitializer<DB>(null); //这里哦 this.Configuration.LazyLoadingEnabled = false; } protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) { //已经存在的数据库,不然会出现负数 modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>(); base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); } //注册到EF public DbSet<WMS_Role> wmRole { get; set; } public DbSet<WMS_User> wmUser { get; set; } public DbSet<WMS_Org> wmOrg { get; set; } public DbSet<WMS_Module> wmModule { get; set; } public DbSet<WMS_RoleModule> wmRoleModule { get; set; } public DbSet<WMS_UserRole> wmUserRole { get; set; } public DbSet<WMS_OrgUser> wmsOrgUser { get; set; } } }
2.贪懒加载,一次性把数据组织好,加载到内存,类似join表
例如以上案例4,通过组织架构获取用户,EF延迟加载执行的sql如下:
exec sp_executesql N‘SELECT TOP (2) [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], [Extent1].[OrgName] AS [OrgName], [Extent1].[OrgDesc] AS [OrgDesc], [Extent1].[OrgOrder] AS [OrgOrder], [Extent1].[OrgFatherId] AS [OrgFatherId], [Extent1].[CreateUser] AS [CreateUser], [Extent1].[CreateTime] AS [CreateTime], [Extent1].[ModifyUser] AS [ModifyUser], [Extent1].[ModifyTime] AS [ModifyTime], [Extent1].[RowVersion] AS [RowVersion] FROM [dbo].[WMS_Org] AS [Extent1] WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @p__linq__0‘,N‘@p__linq__0 uniqueidentifier‘,@p__linq__0=‘79DDB55A-1587-4928-A312-58DA0C091459‘ exec sp_executesql N‘SELECT [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], [Extent1].[OrgId] AS [OrgId], [Extent1].[UserId] AS [UserId], [Extent1].[CreateUser] AS [CreateUser], [Extent1].[CreateTime] AS [CreateTime], [Extent1].[ModifyUser] AS [ModifyUser], [Extent1].[ModifyTime] AS [ModifyTime], [Extent1].[RowVersion] AS [RowVersion] FROM [dbo].[WMS_OrgUser] AS [Extent1] WHERE [Extent1].[OrgId] = @EntityKeyValue1‘,N‘@EntityKeyValue1 uniqueidentifier‘,@EntityKeyValue1=‘79DDB55A-1587-4928-A312-58DA0C091459‘ exec sp_executesql N‘SELECT [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], [Extent1].[UserName] AS [UserName], [Extent1].[NickName] AS [NickName], [Extent1].[UserPwd] AS [UserPwd], [Extent1].[Sex] AS [Sex], [Extent1].[Phone] AS [Phone], [Extent1].[Email] AS [Email], [Extent1].[QQ] AS [QQ], [Extent1].[Address] AS [Address], [Extent1].[Remark] AS [Remark], [Extent1].[CreateUser] AS [CreateUser], [Extent1].[CreateTime] AS [CreateTime], [Extent1].[ModifyUser] AS [ModifyUser], [Extent1].[ModifyTime] AS [ModifyTime], [Extent1].[RowVersion] AS [RowVersion] FROM [dbo].[WMS_User] AS [Extent1] WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @EntityKeyValue1‘,N‘@EntityKeyValue1 uniqueidentifier‘,@EntityKeyValue1=‘9D001F8D-E304-4DB3-B5C0-7C5139E888A6‘
贪婪加载的方式,如测试3,产生的SQL如下:
public WMS_OrgUser TestNoLazyLoading(Guid id) { return DBSET.Include("User").Include("Org").FirstOrDefault(o => o.Id == id); }
exec sp_executesql N‘SELECT 1 AS [C1], [Limit1].[Id] AS [Id], [Limit1].[OrgId] AS [OrgId], [Limit1].[UserId] AS [UserId], [Limit1].[CreateUser] AS [CreateUser], [Limit1].[CreateTime] AS [CreateTime], [Limit1].[ModifyUser] AS [ModifyUser], [Limit1].[ModifyTime] AS [ModifyTime], [Limit1].[RowVersion] AS [RowVersion], [Extent2].[Id] AS [Id1], [Extent2].[UserName] AS [UserName], [Extent2].[NickName] AS [NickName], [Extent2].[UserPwd] AS [UserPwd], [Extent2].[Sex] AS [Sex], [Extent2].[Phone] AS [Phone], [Extent2].[Email] AS [Email], [Extent2].[QQ] AS [QQ], [Extent2].[Address] AS [Address], [Extent2].[Remark] AS [Remark], [Extent2].[CreateUser] AS [CreateUser1], [Extent2].[CreateTime] AS [CreateTime1], [Extent2].[ModifyUser] AS [ModifyUser1], [Extent2].[ModifyTime] AS [ModifyTime1], [Extent2].[RowVersion] AS [RowVersion1], [Extent3].[Id] AS [Id2], [Extent3].[OrgName] AS [OrgName], [Extent3].[OrgDesc] AS [OrgDesc], [Extent3].[OrgOrder] AS [OrgOrder], [Extent3].[OrgFatherId] AS [OrgFatherId], [Extent3].[CreateUser] AS [CreateUser2], [Extent3].[CreateTime] AS [CreateTime2], [Extent3].[ModifyUser] AS [ModifyUser2], [Extent3].[ModifyTime] AS [ModifyTime2], [Extent3].[RowVersion] AS [RowVersion2] FROM (SELECT TOP (1) [Extent1].[Id] AS [Id], [Extent1].[OrgId] AS [OrgId], [Extent1].[UserId] AS [UserId], [Extent1].[CreateUser] AS [CreateUser], [Extent1].[CreateTime] AS [CreateTime], [Extent1].[ModifyUser] AS [ModifyUser], [Extent1].[ModifyTime] AS [ModifyTime], [Extent1].[RowVersion] AS [RowVersion] FROM [dbo].[WMS_OrgUser] AS [Extent1] WHERE [Extent1].[Id] = @p__linq__0 ) AS [Limit1] LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[WMS_User] AS [Extent2] ON [Limit1].[UserId] = [Extent2].[Id] LEFT OUTER JOIN [dbo].[WMS_Org] AS [Extent3] ON [Limit1].[OrgId] = [Extent3].[Id]‘,N‘@p__linq__0 uniqueidentifier‘,@p__linq__0=‘7E632B62-B8EC-4D58-AE94-A412868146E7‘
时间: 2024-10-10 20:04:02