一、python语言分类
1. C python
c语言的python版本 官方推荐 使用C语言实现,使用最为广泛,CPython实现会将源文件(py文件)转换成字节码文件(pyc文件),然后运行在Python虚拟机上。
2. Jython java python
Python语言的Java实现,不仅提供Python的库,同时也提供所有的Java类。能运行在任何可兼容的Java1.1或更高的Java虚拟机平台上。
3.IronPython
Python的C#实现,IronPython将Python代码编译成C#字节码,然后在CLR上运行。(与Jython类似)。
4.PyPy
Python实现的Python,将Python的字节码字节码再编译成机器码。pypy与其他版本对比,编译过程相对慢,但是执行效率是最高的,因为它是编译成机器码,cpu可以直接执行机器码,其他语言都需要再转换成机器码,然后交由cpu执行。
二、接收传值及模块导入
导入模块:import sys
接收参数:
argv必须导入sys
1 import sys 2 print(sys.argv)
通过 python gwd_sys.py,屏幕打印输出
[‘hello_args.py‘]
通过 python gwd_sys.py my son屏幕打印输出
[‘hello_args.py‘, ‘my‘, ‘son‘]
注:返回类型为列表
三、 内容编码
针对2.x版本
python解释器加载py文件时,会对内容进行编码(默认ascii)
ASCII(American Standard Code for Information Interchange,美国标准信息交换代码)是基于拉丁字母的一套电脑编码系统,
主要用于显示现代英语和其他西欧语言。它是现今最通用的单字节编码系统,并等同于国际标准ISO/IEC 646。
在计算机中,所有的数据在存储和运算时都要使用二进制数表示(因为计算机用高电平和低电平分别表示1和0)
ASCII 码使用指定的7 位或8 位二进制数组合来表示128 或256 种可能的字符。标准ASCII 码也叫基础ASCII码,使用7 位二进制数来
表示所有的大写和小写字母,数字0 到9、标点符号, 以及在美式英语中使用的特殊控制字符。其中:
0~31及127(共33个)是控制字符或通信专用字符(其余为可显示字符),如控制符:LF(换行)、CR(回车)、FF(换页)、DEL(删除)、BS(退格)、BEL(响铃)等;
通信专用字符:SOH(文头)、EOT(文尾)、ACK(确认)等;
ASCII值为8、9、10 和13 分别转换为退格、制表、换行和回车字符。
它们并没有特定的图形显示,但会依不同的应用程序,而对文本显示有不同的影响。
32~126(共95个)是字符(32是空格),其中48~57为0到9十个阿拉伯数字。
65~90为26个大写英文字母,97~122号为26个小写英文字母,
其余为一些标点符号、运算符号等。
标准I表
Bin |
Dec |
Hex |
缩写/字符 |
解释 |
|
0000 0000 |
0 |
00 |
NUL(null) |
空字符 |
|
0000 0001 |
1 |
01 |
SOH(start of headline) |
标题开始 |
|
0000 0010 |
2 |
02 |
STX (start of text) |
正文开始 |
|
0000 0011 |
3 |
03 |
ETX (end of text) |
正文结束 |
|
0000 0100 |
4 |
04 |
EOT (end of transmission) |
传输结束 |
|
0000 0101 |
5 |
05 |
ENQ (enquiry) |
请求 |
|
0000 0110 |
6 |
06 |
ACK (acknowledge) |
收到通知 |
|
0000 0111 |
7 |
07 |
BEL (bell) |
响铃 |
|
0000 1000 |
8 |
08 |
BS (backspace) |
退格 |
|
0000 1001 |
9 |
09 |
HT (horizontal tab) |
水平制表符 |
|
0000 1010 |
10 |
0A |
LF (NL line feed, new line) |
换行键 |
|
0000 1011 |
11 |
0B |
VT (vertical tab) |
垂直制表符 |
|
0000 1100 |
12 |
0C |
FF (NP form feed, new page) |
换页键 |
|
0000 1101 |
13 |
0D |
CR (carriage return) |
回车键 |
|
0000 1110 |
14 |
0E |
SO (shift out) |
不用切换 |
|
0000 1111 |
15 |
0F |
SI (shift in) |
启用切换 |
|
0001 0000 |
16 |
10 |
DLE (data link escape) |
数据链路转义 |
|
0001 0001 |
17 |
11 |
DC1 (device control 1) |
设备控制1 |
|
0001 0010 |
18 |
12 |
DC2 (device control 2) |
设备控制2 |
|
0001 0011 |
19 |
13 |
DC3 (device control 3) |
设备控制3 |
|
0001 0100 |
20 |
14 |
DC4 (device control 4) |
设备控制4 |
|
0001 0101 |
21 |
15 |
NAK (negative acknowledge) |
拒绝接收 |
|
0001 0110 |
22 |
16 |
SYN (synchronous idle) |
同步空闲 |
|
0001 0111 |
23 |
17 |
ETB (end of trans. block) |
传输块结束 |
|
0001 1000 |
24 |
18 |
CAN (cancel) |
取消 |
|
0001 1001 |
25 |
19 |
EM (end of medium) |
介质中断 |
|
0001 1010 |
26 |
1A |
SUB (substitute) |
替补 |
|
0001 1011 |
27 |
1B |
ESC (escape) |
换码(溢出) |
|
0001 1100 |
28 |
1C |
FS (file separator) |
文件分割符 |
|
0001 1101 |
29 |
1D |
GS (group separator) |
分组符 |
|
0001 1110 |
30 |
1E |
RS (record separator) |
记录分离符 |
|
0001 1111 |
31 |
1F |
US (unit separator) |
单元分隔符 |
|
0010 0000 |
32 |
20 |
(space) |
空格 |
|
0010 0001 |
33 |
21 |
! |
||
0010 0010 |
34 |
22 |
" |
||
0010 0011 |
35 |
23 |
# |
||
0010 0100 |
36 |
24 |
$ |
||
0010 0101 |
37 |
25 |
% |
||
0010 0110 |
38 |
26 |
& |
||
0010 0111 |
39 |
27 |
‘ |
||
0010 1000 |
40 |
28 |
( |
||
0010 1001 |
41 |
29 |
) |
||
0010 1010 |
42 |
2A |
* |
||
0010 1011 |
43 |
2B |
+ |
||
0010 1100 |
44 |
2C |
, |
||
0010 1101 |
45 |
2D |
- |
||
0010 1110 |
46 |
2E |
. |
||
00101111 |
47 |
2F |
/ |
||
00110000 |
48 |
30 |
0 |
||
00110001 |
49 |
31 |
1 |
||
00110010 |
50 |
32 |
2 |
||
00110011 |
51 |
33 |
3 |
||
00110100 |
52 |
34 |
4 |
||
00110101 |
53 |
35 |
5 |
||
00110110 |
54 |
36 |
6 |
||
00110111 |
55 |
37 |
7 |
||
00111000 |
56 |
38 |
8 |
||
00111001 |
57 |
39 |
9 |
||
00111010 |
58 |
3A |
: |
||
00111011 |
59 |
3B |
; |
||
00111100 |
60 |
3C |
< |
||
00111101 |
61 |
3D |
= |
||
00111110 |
62 |
3E |
> |
||
00111111 |
63 |
3F |
? |
||
01000000 |
64 |
40 |
@ |
||
01000001 |
65 |
41 |
A |
||
01000010 |
66 |
42 |
B |
||
01000011 |
67 |
43 |
C |
||
01000100 |
68 |
44 |
D |
||
01000101 |
69 |
45 |
E |
||
01000110 |
70 |
46 |
F |
||
01000111 |
71 |
47 |
G |
||
01001000 |
72 |
48 |
H |
||
01001001 |
73 |
49 |
I |
||
01001010 |
74 |
4A |
J |
||
01001011 |
75 |
4B |
K |
||
01001100 |
76 |
4C |
L |
||
01001101 |
77 |
4D |
M |
||
01001110 |
78 |
4E |
N |
||
01001111 |
79 |
4F |
O |
||
01010000 |
80 |
50 |
P |
||
01010001 |
81 |
51 |
Q |
||
01010010 |
82 |
52 |
R |
||
01010011 |
83 |
53 |
S |
||
01010100 |
84 |
54 |
T |
||
01010101 |
85 |
55 |
U |
||
01010110 |
86 |
56 |
V |
||
01010111 |
87 |
57 |
W |
||
01011000 |
88 |
58 |
X |
||
01011001 |
89 |
59 |
Y |
||
01011010 |
90 |
5A |
Z |
||
01011011 |
91 |
5B |
[ |
||
01011100 |
92 |
5C |
\ |
||
01011101 |
93 |
5D |
] |
||
01011110 |
94 |
5E |
^ |
||
01011111 |
95 |
5F |
_ |
||
01100000 |
96 |
60 |
` |
||
01100001 |
97 |
61 |
a |
||
01100010 |
98 |
62 |
b |
||
01100011 |
99 |
63 |
c |
||
01100100 |
100 |
64 |
d |
||
01100101 |
101 |
65 |
e |
||
01100110 |
102 |
66 |
f |
||
01100111 |
103 |
67 |
g |
||
01101000 |
104 |
68 |
h |
||
01101001 |
105 |
69 |
i |
||
01101010 |
106 |
6A |
j |
||
01101011 |
107 |
6B |
k |
||
01101100 |
108 |
6C |
l |
||
01101101 |
109 |
6D |
m |
||
01101110 |
110 |
6E |
n |
||
01101111 |
111 |
6F |
o |
||
01110000 |
112 |
70 |
p |
||
01110001 |
113 |
71 |
q |
||
01110010 |
114 |
72 |
r |
||
01110011 |
115 |
73 |
s |
||
01110100 |
116 |
74 |
t |
||
01110101 |
117 |
75 |
u |
||
01110110 |
118 |
76 |
v |
||
01110111 |
119 |
77 |
w |
||
01111000 |
120 |
78 |
x |
||
01111001 |
121 |
79 |
y |
||
01111010 |
122 |
7A |
z |
||
01111011 |
123 |
7B |
{ |
||
01111100 |
124 |
7C |
| |
||
01111101 |
125 |
7D |
} |
||
01111110 |
126 |
7E |
~ |
||
01111111 |
127 |
7F |
DEL (delete) |
删除 |
八进制 |
十六进制 |
十进制 |
字符 |
八进制 |
十六进制 |
十进制 |
字符 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
nul |
100 |
40 |
64 |
@ |
1 |
1 |
1 |
soh |
101 |
41 |
65 |
A |
2 |
2 |
2 |
stx |
102 |
42 |
66 |
B |
3 |
3 |
3 |
etx |
103 |
43 |
67 |
C |
4 |
4 |
4 |
eot |
104 |
44 |
68 |
D |
5 |
5 |
5 |
enq |
105 |
45 |
69 |
E |
6 |
6 |
6 |
ack |
106 |
46 |
70 |
F |
7 |
7 |
7 |
bel |
107 |
47 |
71 |
G |
10 |
8 |
8 |
bs |
110 |
48 |
72 |
H |
11 |
9 |
9 |
ht |
111 |
49 |
73 |
I |
12 |
0a |
10 |
nl |
112 |
4a |
74 |
J |
13 |
0b |
11 |
vt |
113 |
4b |
75 |
K |
14 |
0c |
12 |
ff |
114 |
4c |
76 |
L |
15 |
0d |
13 |
cr |
115 |
4d |
77 |
M |
16 |
0e |
14 |
so |
116 |
4e |
78 |
N |
17 |
0f |
15 |
si |
117 |
4f |
79 |
O |
20 |
10 |
16 |
dle |
120 |
50 |
80 |
P |
21 |
11 |
17 |
dc1 |
121 |
51 |
81 |
Q |
22 |
12 |
18 |
dc2 |
122 |
52 |
82 |
R |
23 |
13 |
19 |
dc3 |
123 |
53 |
83 |
S |
24 |
14 |
20 |
dc4 |
124 |
54 |
84 |
T |
25 |
15 |
21 |
nak |
125 |
55 |
85 |
U |
26 |
16 |
22 |
syn |
126 |
56 |
86 |
V |
27 |
17 |
23 |
etb |
127 |
57 |
87 |
W |
30 |
18 |
24 |
can |
130 |
58 |
88 |
X |
31 |
19 |
25 |
em |
131 |
59 |
89 |
Y |
32 |
1a |
26 |
sub |
132 |
5a |
90 |
Z |
33 |
1b |
27 |
esc |
133 |
5b |
91 |
[ |
34 |
1c |
28 |
fs |
134 |
5c |
92 |
\ |
35 |
1d |
29 |
gs |
135 |
5d |
93 |
] |
36 |
1e |
30 |
re |
136 |
5e |
94 |
^ |
37 |
1f |
31 |
us |
137 |
5f |
95 |
_ |
40 |
20 |
32 |
sp |
140 |
60 |
96 |
‘ |
41 |
21 |
33 |
! |
141 |
61 |
97 |
a |
42 |
22 |
34 |
" |
142 |
62 |
98 |
b |
43 |
23 |
35 |
# |
143 |
63 |
99 |
c |
44 |
24 |
36 |
$ |
144 |
64 |
100 |
d |
45 |
25 |
37 |
% |
145 |
65 |
101 |
e |
46 |
26 |
38 |
& |
146 |
66 |
102 |
f |
47 |
27 |
39 |
` |
147 |
67 |
103 |
g |
50 |
28 |
40 |
( |
150 |
68 |
104 |
h |
51 |
29 |
41 |
) |
151 |
69 |
105 |
i |
52 |
2a |
42 |
* |
152 |
6a |
106 |
j |
53 |
2b |
43 |
+ |
153 |
6b |
107 |
k |
54 |
2c |
44 |
, |
154 |
6c |
108 |
l |
55 |
2d |
45 |
- |
155 |
6d |
109 |
m |
56 |
2e |
46 |
. |
156 |
6e |
110 |
n |
57 |
2f |
47 |
/ |
157 |
6f |
111 |
o |
60 |
30 |
48 |
0 |
160 |
70 |
112 |
p |
61 |
31 |
49 |
1 |
161 |
71 |
113 |
q |
62 |
32 |
50 |
2 |
162 |
72 |
114 |
r |
63 |
33 |
51 |
3 |
163 |
73 |
115 |
s |
64 |
34 |
52 |
4 |
164 |
74 |
116 |
t |
65 |
35 |
53 |
5 |
165 |
75 |
117 |
u |
66 |
36 |
54 |
6 |
166 |
76 |
118 |
v |
67 |
37 |
55 |
7 |
167 |
77 |
119 |
w |
70 |
38 |
56 |
8 |
170 |
78 |
120 |
x |
71 |
39 |
57 |
9 |
171 |
79 |
121 |
y |
72 |
3a |
58 |
: |
172 |
7a |
122 |
z |
73 |
3b |
59 |
; |
173 |
7b |
123 |
{ |
74 |
3c |
60 |
< |
174 |
7c |
124 |
| |
75 |
3d |
61 |
= |
175 |
7d |
125 |
} |
76 |
3e |
62 |
> |
176 |
7e |
126 |
~ |
77 |
3f |
63 |
? |
177 |
7f |
127 |
del |
大小规则
1)数字0~9比字母要小。如"7"<"F";
2)数字0比数字9要小,并按0到9顺序递增。如"3"<"8"
3)字母A比字母Z要小,并按A到Z顺序递增。如"A"<"Z"
4)同个字母的大写字母比小写字母要小。如"A"<"a"。
记住几个常见字母的ASCII码大小:
“换行LF”为0x0A;“回车CR”为0x0D;空格为0x20;"0"为0x30; "A"为0x41;"a"为0x61。另外还有128-255的ASCII字符。
查询ASCII技巧,方便查询ASCII码对应的字符:新建一个文本文档,按住ALT+要查询的码值(注意,这里是十进制)
松开即可显示出对应字符。例如:按住ALT+97,则会显示出‘a‘。
扩展 ASCII
扩展ASCII 字符是从128 到255(0x80-0xff)的字符。扩展ASCII不再是国际标准。
汉字编码
0-127 是7位ASCII 码的范围,是国际标准。至于汉字,不同的字符集用的ascii 码的范围也不一样,常用的汉字字符集有GB2312-80,GBK,Big5,unicode 等。
GB_2312 字符集是目前最常用的汉字编码标准,windows 95/98/2000 中使用的 GBK字符集 就包含了GB2312,或者说和GB2312 兼容,GB_2312 字符集包含了 6763个的 简体汉字,和682 个标准中文符号。在这个标准中,每个汉字用2个字节来表示,每个字节的ascii码为 161-254,(16 进制A1 - FE),第一个字节 对应于 区码的1-94 区,第二个字节 对应于位码的1-94 位。161-254 其实很好记忆,大家知道英文字符中,可打印的字符范围为33-126。将这对数加上128(或者说最高位置1),就得到汉字使用的字符的围。GB18030的规范是汉字第一个字节在0x81-0xFE之间,第二个字节位于区间0x40-0x7E以及0x80-0xFE。每个字节转化为整数大于128。
四、字符串
禁忌:
用"+"的方式拼接字符串会大大浪费内存空间,因为他每+ 1次就会在内存中开辟一个新的空间
推荐:name = ‘python‘ print("%s come" % name) print("{name} world".format(name = name)) print("{0} world".format(name)) print("{0} world,{1}".format(name,"I like python"))
五、数据类型
查看内置方法
(一)数字
int
1. 3.x
[‘__abs__‘, ‘__add__‘, ‘__and__‘, ‘__bool__‘, ‘__ceil__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__dir__‘, ‘__divmod__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__float__‘, ‘__floor__‘, ‘__floordiv__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getnewargs__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__index__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__int__‘, ‘__invert__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__lshift__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__mod__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__neg__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__or__‘, ‘__pos__‘, ‘__pow__‘, ‘__radd__‘, ‘__rand__‘, ‘__rdivmod__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__rfloordiv__‘, ‘__rlshift__‘, ‘__rmod__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__ror__‘, ‘__round__‘, ‘__rpow__‘, ‘__rrshift__‘, ‘__rshift__‘, ‘__rsub__‘, ‘__rtruediv__‘, ‘__rxor__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__sub__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘__truediv__‘, ‘__trunc__‘, ‘__xor__‘, ‘bit_length‘, ‘conjugate‘, ‘denominator‘, ‘from_bytes‘, ‘imag‘, ‘numerator‘, ‘real‘, ‘to_bytes‘]
2. 2.x
[‘__abs__‘, ‘__add__‘, ‘__and__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__cmp__‘, ‘__coerce__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__div__‘, ‘__divmod__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__float__‘, ‘__floordiv__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getnewargs__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__hex__‘, ‘__index__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__int__‘, ‘__invert__‘, ‘__long__‘, ‘__lshift__‘, ‘__mod__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__neg__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__nonzero__‘, ‘__oct__‘, ‘__or__‘, ‘__pos__‘, ‘__pow__‘, ‘__radd__‘, ‘__rand__‘, ‘__rdiv__‘, ‘__rdivmod__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__rfloordiv__‘, ‘__rlshift__‘, ‘__rmod__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__ror__‘, ‘__rpow__‘, ‘__rrshift__‘, ‘__rshift__‘, ‘__rsub__‘, ‘__rtruediv__‘, ‘__rxor__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__sub__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘__truediv__‘, ‘__trunc__‘, ‘__xor__‘, ‘bit_length‘, ‘conjugate‘, ‘denominator‘, ‘imag‘, ‘numerator‘, ‘real‘]
stum = -1 print(stum.__abs__()) # D:\Python\python.exe D:/untitled1/se.py 1
__abs__ 绝对值
stum = 5 print(stum.__add__(6))
加法 __add__
不列出具体方法了,查看内置函数的方法:
按ctrl+数据类型,就可以查看具体方法,如:
def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ abs(self) """ pass def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self+value. """ pass def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown """ Return self&value. """ pass def 是定义函数 __abs__函数名 self代表对象本身 这样就可以了解一个函数需要哪些功能,大致功能是什么
2.7 long
[‘__abs__‘, ‘__add__‘, ‘__and__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__cmp__‘, ‘__coerce__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__div__‘, ‘__divmod__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__float__‘, ‘__floordiv__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getnewargs__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__hex__‘, ‘__index__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__int__‘, ‘__invert__‘, ‘__long__‘, ‘__lshift__‘, ‘__mod__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__neg__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__nonzero__‘, ‘__oct__‘, ‘__or__‘, ‘__pos__‘, ‘__pow__‘, ‘__radd__‘, ‘__rand__‘, ‘__rdiv__‘, ‘__rdivmod__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__rfloordiv__‘, ‘__rlshift__‘, ‘__rmod__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__ror__‘, ‘__rpow__‘, ‘__rrshift__‘, ‘__rshift__‘, ‘__rsub__‘, ‘__rtruediv__‘, ‘__rxor__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__sub__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘__truediv__‘, ‘__trunc__‘, ‘__xor__‘, ‘bit_length‘, ‘conjugate‘, ‘denominator‘, ‘imag‘, ‘numerator‘, ‘real‘]
注:3.x中已经没有long 长整形
float:
[‘__abs__‘, ‘__add__‘, ‘__bool__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__dir__‘, ‘__divmod__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__float__‘, ‘__floordiv__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getformat__‘, ‘__getnewargs__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__int__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__mod__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__neg__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__pos__‘, ‘__pow__‘, ‘__radd__‘, ‘__rdivmod__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__rfloordiv__‘, ‘__rmod__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__round__‘, ‘__rpow__‘, ‘__rsub__‘, ‘__rtruediv__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__setformat__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__sub__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘__truediv__‘, ‘__trunc__‘, ‘as_integer_ratio‘, ‘conjugate‘, ‘fromhex‘, ‘hex‘, ‘imag‘, ‘is_integer‘, ‘real‘]
3.5 float
(二)字符串 str
python3.x dir(str) #[‘__add__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__contains__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__dir__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getitem__‘, ‘__getnewargs__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__iter__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__len__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__mod__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__rmod__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘capitalize‘, ‘casefold‘, ‘center‘, ‘count‘, ‘encode‘, ‘endswith‘, ‘expandtabs‘, ‘find‘, ‘format‘, ‘format_map‘, ‘index‘, ‘isalnum‘, ‘isalpha‘, ‘isdecimal‘, ‘isdigit‘, ‘isidentifier‘, ‘islower‘, ‘isnumeric‘, ‘isprintable‘, ‘isspace‘, ‘istitle‘, ‘isupper‘, ‘join‘, ‘ljust‘, ‘lower‘, ‘lstrip‘, ‘maketrans‘, ‘partition‘, ‘replace‘, ‘rfind‘, ‘rindex‘, ‘rjust‘, ‘rpartition‘, ‘rsplit‘, ‘rstrip‘, ‘split‘, ‘splitlines‘, ‘startswith‘, ‘strip‘, ‘swapcase‘, ‘title‘, ‘translate‘, ‘upper‘, ‘zfill‘] #python2.7 dir(str) #[‘__add__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__contains__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__getitem__‘, ‘__getnewargs__‘, ‘__getslice__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__len__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__mod__‘, ‘__mul__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__rmod__‘, ‘__rmul__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘_formatter_field_name_split‘, ‘_formatter_parser‘, ‘capitalize‘, ‘center‘, ‘count‘, ‘decode‘, ‘encode‘, ‘endswith‘, ‘expandtabs‘, ‘find‘, ‘format‘, ‘index‘, ‘isalnum‘, ‘isalpha‘, ‘isdigit‘, ‘islower‘, ‘isspace‘, ‘istitle‘, ‘isupper‘, ‘join‘, ‘ljust‘, ‘lower‘, ‘lstrip‘, ‘partition‘, ‘replace‘, ‘rfind‘, ‘rindex‘, ‘rjust‘, ‘rpartition‘, ‘rsplit‘, ‘rstrip‘, ‘split‘, ‘splitlines‘, ‘startswith‘, ‘strip‘, ‘swapcase‘, ‘title‘, ‘translate‘, ‘upper‘, ‘zfill‘]
常用方法
str_test = "你好" print(str_test.__add__("python"))
__add__ 连接字符串
str_test = "你好" print(str_test.__contains__("你")) """ 有返回True 没有指定回False """
__contains__ 是否包含
str_test = "你好" print(str_test.__eq__("你好")) print(str_test.__eq__("K"))
__eq__ 比较
capitalize() 首字母大写
str_test = "ACcdefg" print(str_test.casefold())
casefold() 全部转换成小写