LeetCode:Add Digits - 非负整数各位相加

1、题目名称

Add Digits (非负整数各位相加)

2、题目地址

https://leetcode.com/problems/add-digits

3、题目内容

英文:Given a non-negative integer num, repeatedly add all its digits until the result has only one digit.

中文:有一个非负整数num,重复这样的操作:对该数字的各位数字求和,对这个和的各位数字再求和……直到最后得到一个仅1位的数字(即小于10的数字)。

例如:num=38,3+8=11,1+1=2。因为2小于10,因此返回2。

4、解题方法1

最好想到的方法当然是模拟题目中所给的步骤,最终求出结果。一段实现该方法的Java代码如下:

/**
 * 功能说明:LeetCode 258 - Add Digits
 * 开发人员:Tsybius2014
 * 开发时间:2015年8月26日
 */
public class Solution {
    
    /**
     * 给定整数不断将它的各位相加,直到相加的结果小于10,返回结果
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    public int addDigits(int num) {
        int next = getNext(num);
        while (next >= 10) {
            next = getNext(next);
        }
        return next;
    }
    
    /**
     * 获取整数各位相加后的和
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    private int getNext(int num) {
        String s = String.valueOf(num);
        int sum = 0;
        for (char ch : s.toCharArray()) {
            sum += (ch - ‘0‘);
        }
        return sum;
    }
}

5、解题方法2

另一个方法比较简单,可以举例说明一下。假设输入的数字是一个5位数字num,则num的各位分别为a、b、c、d、e。

有如下关系:num = a * 10000 + b * 1000 + c * 100 + d * 10 + e

即:num = (a + b + c + d + e) + (a * 9999 + b * 999 + c * 99 + d * 9)

因为 a * 9999 + b * 999 + c * 99 + d * 9 一定可以被9整除,因此num模除9的结果与 a + b + c + d + e 模除9的结果是一样的。

对数字 a + b + c + d + e 反复执行同类操作,最后的结果就是一个 1-9 的数字加上一串数字,最左边的数字是 1-9 之间的,右侧的数字永远都是可以被9整除的。

这道题最后的目标,就是不断将各位相加,相加到最后,当结果小于10时返回。因为最后结果在1-9之间,得到9之后将不会再对各位进行相加,因此不会出现结果为0的情况。因为 (x + y) % z = (x % z + y % z) % z,又因为 x % z % z = x % z,因此结果为 (num - 1) % 9 + 1,只模除9一次,并将模除后的结果加一返回。

/**
 * 功能说明:LeetCode 258 - Add Digits
 * 开发人员:Tsybius2014
 * 开发时间:2015年8月25日
 */
public class Solution {
    
    /**
     * 给定整数不断将它的各位相加,直到相加的结果小于10,返回结果
     * @param num
     * @return
     */
    public int addDigits(int num) {
        return (num - 1) % 9 + 1;
    }
}

END

时间: 2024-10-05 04:09:26

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