转自 Android使用ksoap2-android调用WebService学习
之前主要做客户端UI交互,很少处理数据和接触服务端,但现在的移动设备根本不可能离得开网络连接,数据的交换。最近学习的是在android端如何去调用远程WebService,都说WebService是一种基于SOAP协议的远程调用标准,对于这个协议理解不深,知道webservice可以将不同操作系统平台、不同语言、不同技术整合到一块,android SDK没有直接调用webservice的库,最常用的是借助ksoap2-android这个第三方SDK,点击打开链接,然后和其他第三方jar包一样导入android项目中即可。
对于WebService服务器具体的编写,现阶段自己不了解,暂且使用网络免费的WebService进行学习http://www.webxml.com.cn/zh_cn/index.aspx,利用这个来写一个简单的国内天气预报的查询,代码编写参照《疯狂Android讲义》相关部分,自己做部分修改。
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以下是几个主要的方法:
1.创建HttpTransportSE传输对象:HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL); SERVICE_URL是webservice提供服务的url
2.使用SOAP1.1协议创建Envelop对象:SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(SoapEnvelope.VER11); 设置SOAP协议的版本号,根据服务端WebService的版本号设置。
3.实例化SoapObject对象:SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE, methodName); 第一个参数表示WebService的命名空间,可以从WSDL文档中找到WebService的命名空间。第二个参数表示要调用的WebService方法名。
4.设置调用方法的参数值,如果没有参数,可以省略:例如soapObject.addProperty("theCityCode", cityName);
5.记得设置bodyout属性 envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;
6.调用webservice:ht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE+methodName, envelope);
7.获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息:
SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName+"Result");
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在这个天气预报的demo中需要多次调用webservice,将方法写在一个工具类中,代码如下:
[java] view plaincopy
- <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">package com.example.webservicedemo;
- import java.io.IOException;
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
- import org.ksoap2.SoapEnvelope;
- import org.ksoap2.SoapFault;
- import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapObject;
- import org.ksoap2.serialization.SoapSerializationEnvelope;
- import org.ksoap2.transport.HttpTransportSE;
- import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;
- public class WebServiceUtil {
- // 定义webservice的命名空间
- public static final String SERVICE_NAMESPACE = "http://WebXml.com.cn/";
- // 定义webservice提供服务的url
- public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWS.asmx";
- // 调用远程webservice获取省份列表
- public static List<String> getProvinceList() {
- // 调用 的方法
- String methodName = "getRegionProvince";
- // 创建HttpTransportSE传输对象
- HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
- try {
- ht.debug = true;
- // 使用SOAP1.1协议创建Envelop对象
- SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
- SoapEnvelope.VER11);
- // 实例化SoapObject对象
- SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE,
- methodName);
- envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;
- // 设置与.NET提供的webservice保持较好的兼容性
- envelope.dotNet = true;
- // 调用webservice
- ht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE + methodName, envelope);
- if (envelope.getResponse() != null) {
- // 获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息
- SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
- SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName
- + "Result");
- // 解析服务器响应的SOAP消息
- return parseProvinceOrCity(detail);
- }
- } catch (SoapFault e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- // 根据省份获取城市列表
- public static List<String> getCityListsByProvince(String province) {
- // 调用的方法
- String methodName = "getSupportCityString";
- // 创建httptransportSE传输对象
- HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
- ht.debug = true;
- // 实例化SoapObject对象
- SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE, methodName);
- // 添加一个请求参数
- soapObject.addProperty("theRegionCode", province);
- // 使用soap1.1协议创建envelop对象
- SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
- SoapEnvelope.VER11);
- envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;
- // 设置与.NET提供的webservice保持较好的兼容性
- envelope.dotNet = true;
- // 调用webservice
- try {
- ht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE + methodName, envelope);
- if (envelope.getResponse() != null) {
- // 获取服务器响应返回的SOAP消息
- SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
- SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName
- + "Result");
- // 解析服务器响应的SOAP消息
- return parseProvinceOrCity(detail);
- }
- } catch (SoapFault e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- // 解析省份或城市
- public static List<String> parseProvinceOrCity(SoapObject detail) {
- ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<String>();
- for (int i = 0; i < detail.getPropertyCount(); i++) {
- // 解析出每个省份
- result.add(detail.getProperty(i).toString().split(",")[0]);
- }
- return result;
- }
- // 根据城市字符串获取相应天气情况
- public static SoapObject getWeatherByCity(String cityName) {
- String methodName = "getWeather";
- HttpTransportSE ht = new HttpTransportSE(SERVICE_URL);
- ht.debug = true;
- SoapSerializationEnvelope envelope = new SoapSerializationEnvelope(
- SoapEnvelope.VER11);
- SoapObject soapObject = new SoapObject(SERVICE_NAMESPACE, methodName);
- soapObject.addProperty("theCityCode", cityName);
- envelope.bodyOut = soapObject;
- envelope.dotNet = true;
- try {
- ht.call(SERVICE_NAMESPACE + methodName, envelope);
- SoapObject result = (SoapObject) envelope.bodyIn;
- SoapObject detail = (SoapObject) result.getProperty(methodName
- + "Result");
- return detail;
- } catch (IOException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
- // TODO Auto-generated catch block
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- return null;
- }
- }
- </span>
上面这个便是主要实现远程调用webservice的代码,其他实现在activity中完成即可,但是这里也会涉及到一个问题,就是Android多线程问题,在调用webservice时,为了防止ANR的出现,不能在主线程中进行,需要另开子线程执行,,因为子线程涉及到UI更新,Android主线程是线程不安全的,也就是说,更新UI只能在主线程中更新,子线程中操作是危险的.便要涉及Handler的使用了,实在是不才,自己更多时候习惯使用AsyncTask来代替Handler(还是要重新琢磨下Handler的使用方法),因为操作起来比较简单方便,下面是项目中异步操作类中的一个:
[java] view plaincopy
- <span style="font-family:Comic Sans MS;font-size:18px;">package com.example.webservicedemo;
- import java.util.List;
- import android.os.AsyncTask;
- import android.widget.Spinner;
- public class ProvinceAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, String, List<String>> {
- private MainActivity activity;
- private List<String> provinces;
- private Spinner sp_province;
- public ProvinceAsyncTask (MainActivity activity,Spinner sp_province){
- this.activity = activity;
- this.sp_province = sp_province;
- }
- @Override
- protected List<String> doInBackground(String... params) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- provinces = WebServiceUtil.getProvinceList();
- return null;
- }
- @Override
- protected void onPostExecute(List<String> result) {
- // TODO Auto-generated method stub
- ListAdapter adapter = new ListAdapter(activity, provinces);
- sp_province.setAdapter(adapter);
- }
- }
- </span>
可以看出来比较简单,在doInBackground中执行调用webservice,在onPostExecute中执行列表刷新展示
最后附上该demo的代码,希望可以对初涉及android调用webservice的朋友有帮助
http://download.csdn.net/detail/eyu8874521/5609627