大话命令之—ss
ss是Socket Statistics的缩写。顾名思义,ss命令可以用来获取socket统计信息,它可以显示和netstat类似的内容。
优势:
(1)显示更多更详细的有关TCP和连接状态的信息,(2)比netstat更快速更高效。
1 格式
格式:ss [option]… [filter]
netstat 通过遍历proc来或许socket信息,ss使用netlink与内核tcp_diag模块通信获取socket信息
2 选项
-t:tcp 协议相关
-u:udp协议相关
-w:裸套接字相关
-l:listen状态的连接
-a:所有
-n:数字格式
-p:相关的程序和PID
-e:扩展的信息
-m:内存用量
-o:计时器信息
3 实例
(1)ss -l 显示本地打开的所有端口
[[email protected] ~]# ss -l
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:60455 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::sunrpc :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:sunrpc *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::http :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::ssh :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:ipp :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:smtp :::*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::39546 :::*
[[email protected] ~]#
(2)ss –pl 显示每个进程具体打开的socket
[[email protected] ~]# ss -pl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:60455 *:* users:(("rpc.statd",1644,9))
LISTEN 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* users:(("rpcbind",1601,11))
LISTEN 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* users:(("rpcbind",1601,8))
LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:* users:(("sshd",1841,3))
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* users:(("cupsd",1679,7))
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* users:(("cupsd",1679,6))
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* users:(("master",1955,13))
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* users:(("master",1955,12))
LISTEN 0 128 :::39546 :::* users:(("rpc.statd",1644,11))
(3)-t -a 显示所有tcp socket
[[email protected] ~]# ss -t -a
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:60455 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::sunrpc :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:sunrpc *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::http :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::ssh :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:ipp :::*
LISTEN 0 100 ::1:smtp :::*
LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::39546 :::*
ESTAB 0 64 192.168.29.68:ssh 192.168.29.1:50541
(4)-u -a 显示所有的udp socket
[[email protected] ~]# ss -u -a
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
UNCONN 0 0 *:sunrpc *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:39797 *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:ipp *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:928 *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:bootpc *:*
UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:972 *:*
UNCONN 0 0 :::59503 :::*
UNCONN 0 0 :::sunrpc :::*
UNCONN 0 0 :::928 :::*
(5)ss -o 显示所有已建立的连接
[[email protected] ~]# ss -o
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
ESTAB 0 64 192.168.29.68:ssh 192.168.29.1:50541 timer:(on,442ms,0)