Chrome 58开始取消了对通用名检查的支持, 但网上大多数OpenSSL使用教程没有提及这一点, 制作出的证书总是提示ERR_CERT_COMMON_NAME_INVALID 错误, 所以分享出解决办法, 让大家少走弯路
许多人并不知道，那个包含着SSL证书是否对某域名生效的“通用名称”字段，早在二十年前就被RFC淘汰了。取而代之的应该是SAN（主题备用名称）字段. 然而，这一点多年来一直被忽略，通用名字段被单独使用多年. 从Chrome 58开始, 那些只使用该字段来指示有效域名的证书将不再得到支持。由于被公开信任的SSL证书同时支持两种字段，确保与所有软件的最大兼容性，因此如果您的证书来自受信任的CA，则无需担心.
0. 实验环境
Win7 64bit 旗舰版
Win64OpenSSL_Light-1_1_0f (下载地址http://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html)
下面的操作, 我将建立一个 MyRootCA 的根证书颁发机构, 然后为一个域名是 myserver.com 签发证书
1. Win64OpenSSL_Light-1_1_0f就默认安装在C:\OpenSSL-Win64 吧, 然后将 C:\OpenSSL-Win64\bin\ 加到系统Path里, 因为我准备在其他文件夹生成证书
2.将 C:\OpenSSL-Win64\bin\openssl.cfg 复制到 F:\SSLTest\, 修改以下内容
a. 将 [ req ] 下面的这行取消注释(删除前面的#)
req_extensions = v3_req
b. 在[ v3_req ]加入subjectAltName = @alt_names, 变成
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names #新增的
c.新增 alt_names,注意括号前后的空格，DNS.x 的数量可以自己加, 这里的DNS就是你网站的地址
[ alt_names ] DNS.1 = myserver.com DNS.2 = *.myserver.com
3. 在某个文件夹(比如 F:\SSLTest\)执行下列命令, 生成必要的文件夹和文件(这些文件和文件夹是 openssl.cfg 要求的)
F:\SSLTest>mkdir demoCA\private demoCA\newcerts F:\SSLTest>type nul > demoCA\index.txt F:\SSLTest>echo 01 > demoCA\serial
4.生成CA自签名证书
F:\SSLTest\ openssl req -new -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3650 -keyout demoCA\private\MyRootCA.key -out demoCA\MyRootCA.crt -passout pass:123456 -config openssl.cfg
解释一下
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-days 3650 |
根证书的有效期是 10年 |
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-passout pass:123456 |
CA的密钥是 123456 |
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-config openssl.cfg |
使用当前文件夹的openssl.cfg作为默认设置, 如果不使用这个命令的话, 将使用C:\OpenSSL-Win64\bin \openssl.cfg |
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Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key ...............................................................+++ ..........................+++ writing new private key to ‘demoCA\private\MyRootCA.key‘ ----- You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:SiChuan Locality Name (eg, city) []:ChengDu Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:YourCompany Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:YourUnitName Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:MyRootCA Email Address []: |
5.生成用户的 RSA 密钥对
F:\SSLTest\ openssl genrsa -des3 -out myserver.com.key -passout pass:123456
6. 生成用户证书请求
openssl req -new -days 1825 -key myserver.com.key -out myserver.com.csr -config openssl.cfg
下面中的CN、SiChuan、YourCompany必须与MyRootCA一致, 原因后面讲
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Enter pass phrase for myserver.com.key: You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated into your certificate request. What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN. There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank For some fields there will be a default value, If you enter ‘.‘, the field will be left blank. ----- Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:SiChuan Locality Name (eg, city) []:ChengDu Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:YourCompany Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:AnotherUnitName Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:myserver.com Email Address []: Please enter the following ‘extra‘ attributes to be sent with your certificate request A challenge password []: An optional company name []: |
7. 使用 CA 签发用户证书
F:\SSLTest\ openssl ca -in myserver.com.csr -out myserver.com.crt -cert demoCA\MyRootCA.crt -keyfile demoCA\private\MyRootCA.key -extensions v3_req -config openssl.cfg
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Using configuration from openssl.cfg Enter pass phrase for demoCA\private\MyRootCA.key: Can‘t open ./demoCA/index.txt.attr for reading, No such file or directory 2440:error:02001002:system library:fopen:No such file or directory:crypto\bio\bss_file.c:74:fopen(‘./demoCA/index.txt.at tr‘,‘r‘) 2440:error:2006D080:BIO routines:BIO_new_file:no such file:crypto\bio\bss_file.c:81: Check that the request matches the signature Signature ok Certificate Details: Serial Number: 1 (0x1) Validity Not Before: Aug 3 15:17:43 2017 GMT Not After : Aug 3 15:17:43 2018 GMT Subject: countryName = CN stateOrProvinceName = SiChuan organizationName = YourCompany organizationalUnitName = AnotherUnitName commonName = myserver.com X509v3 extensions: X509v3 Basic Constraints: CA:FALSE X509v3 Key Usage: Digital Signature, Non Repudiation, Key Encipherment X509v3 Subject Alternative Name: DNS:myserver.com, DNS:*.myserver.com Certificate is to be certified until Aug 3 15:17:43 2018 GMT (365 days) Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y Write out database with 1 new entries Data Base Updated |
8.生成Windows支持的p12证书
F:\SSLTest\ openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey myserver.com.key -in myserver.com.crt -out myserver.com.p12
建议密码都是123456
9. 验证
在C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts中新增一行
127.0.0.1 myserver.com
然后将 MyRootCA.crt 安装到 受信任的根证书颁发机构
在IIS中导入myserver.com.p12, 并为一个网站增加https绑定
然后就可以用Chrome看到效果了
10. 为什么用户证书的CN、SiChuan、YourCompany必须与MyRootCA一致?
openssl.cfg中有这样一段, 当然你可以按需修改
[ policy_match ] countryName = match #证书请求与证书本身一样 stateOrProvinceName = match #证书请求与证书本身一样 organizationName = match #证书请求与证书本身一样 organizationalUnitName = optional #可选项 commonName = supplied #证书请求中必须能存在该项 emailAddress = optional #可选项
本文参考了
使用openssl为ssl证书增加“使用者备用名称（DNS）”
Chrome 58发布 与SSL安全有关的变化有哪些(太多了, 不知道哪个是原始链接)