默认情况下红帽的yum是需要注册的，据我所知要钱。
而centos与redhat几乎是一样的，所以redhat的软件centos也可用，
于是上网查资料没想到还真是可以，所以写了一个备忘录。万一以后还要用到呢。
也希望本文可以帮到有需要的人。
1.查看系统预装的yum rpm包：
rpm - qa | grep yum
以下是我的系统预装的软件（我的是redhat7）：
[[email protected] ~]# rpm -qa|grep yum yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch PackageKit-yum-1.0.7-5.e17.x86_64
2.卸载上面的rpm包：
rpm -e yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch --nodeps
后面的卸载方式依照上面。
3.更改yum仓库：
/etc/yum.repos.d/
下載文件：
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
其他版本对应版本号即可。
下载centos 的rpm包：
对应你卸载的rpm包下载：（我卸载了这些所以我下载这些）
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-4.el7.noarch yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64 yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch yum-utils-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-5.el7.noarch PackageKit-yum-1.0.7-5.e17.x86_64
下载地址：
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/
4.安装rpm包：
rpm -ivh *.rpm
5.清除缓存：
yum clean all
6.建立緩存：
yum makecache
如果出現一下報錯：
[[email protected] ~]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription- : manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Could not retrieve mirrorlist http://mirrorlist.centos.org/7=$releasever&arch=x86_64&repo=os error was 14: HTTP Error 404 - Not Found http://mirrors.163.com/centos/%24releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found Trying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below knowledge base article https://access.redhat.com/articles/1320623 If above article doesn‘t help to resolve this issue please create a bug on https://bugs.centos.org/ One of the configured repositories failed (CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com), and yum doesn‘t have enough cached data to continue. At this point the only safe thing yum can do is fail. There are a few ways to work "fix" this:
1. Contact the upstream for the repository and get them to fix the problem. 2. Reconfigure the baseurl/etc. for the repository, to point to a working upstream. This is than is supported by the repository (and the packages for the previous distribution release still work). 3. Disable the repository, so yum won‘t use it by default. Yum will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage: yum-config-manager --disable base 4. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable. Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands, so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice compromise: yum-config-manager --save --setopt=base.skip_if_unavailable=true
failure: repodata/repomd.xml from base: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try. http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found most often useful if you are using a newer distribution release than is supported by the repository (and the packages for the previous distribution release still work). 3. Disable the repository, so yum won‘t use it by default. Yum will then just ignore the repository until you permanently enable it again or use --enablerepo for temporary usage: yum-config-manager --disable base 4. Configure the failing repository to be skipped, if it is unavailable. Note that yum will try to contact the repo. when it runs most commands, so will have to try and fail each time (and thus. yum will be be much slower). If it is a very temporary problem though, this is often a nice compromise: yum-config-manager --save --setopt=base.skip_if_unavailable=true failure: repodata/repomd.xml from base: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try. http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not Found
将/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo 文件中的$releasever替换成你的系统版本号即可。
到此yum已经替换好了。
可以用yum安装软件了：
[[email protected] ~]# yum install telnet Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription- : manager This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register. Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-59.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved =============================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =============================================================================================== Installing: telnet x86_64 1:0.17-59.el7 base 63 k Transaction Summary =============================================================================================== Install 1 Package Total download size: 63 k Installed size: 113 k Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: telnet-0.17-59.el7.x86_64.rpm | 63 kB 00:00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : 1:telnet-0.17-59.el7.x86_64 Verifying : 1:telnet-0.17-59.el7.x86_64 Installed: telnet.x86_64 1:0.17-59.el7 Complete!
附上我的yum仓库文件：
# CentOS-Base.repo # # The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the # update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and # geographically close to the client. You should use this for CentOS updates # unless you are manually picking other mirrors. # # If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the # remarked out baseurl= line instead. # # [base] name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/7=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/os/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey= #released updates [updates] name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/updates/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that may be useful [extras] name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com #mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages [centosplus] name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7/centosplus/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 enabled=0 gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
欢迎大家指正错误！！
时间： 2024-10-21 00:44:39