| 浅谈RHEL7和RHEL6的主要变化 |
|
RHEL7 |
RHEL6 |
| 文件系统 |
XFS |
EXT4 |
| 内核版本 |
3.10.x-x系列 |
2.6.x-x系列 |
| 内核名称 |
Maipo |
Santiago |
| 发布时间 |
2014-06-09（3.10.0-123） |
2010-11-09（2.6.32-71） |
| 进程名称 |
systemd |
init |
| 运行级别 |
runlevel0.target->poweroff.target
runlevel1.target->rescue.target
runlevel2.target->multi-user.target
runlevel3.target->multi-user.target
runlevel4.target->multi-user.target
runlevel5.target->graphical.target
runlevel6.target->reboot.target
/etc/systemd/system/default.target |
runlevel0
runlevel1
runlevel2
runlevel3
runlevel4
runlevel5
runlevel6
/etc/inittab |
| 主机名称 |
/etc/hostname |
/etc/sysconfig/network |
| 最大文件 |
500TB |
16TB |
| 检查工具 |
xfs.repair |
e2fsck |
| 启动工具 |
GRUB2 |
GRUB0.97 |
| 服务启动 |
Systemd |
Upstart |
| 服务管理 |
systemctl enable xxx.service
systemctl start xxx.service
systemctl stop xxx.service
systemctl restart xxx.service
兼容chkconfig，service命令 |
service enable xxx.service
service stop xxx.service
service start xxx.service
chkconfig --level 3 5 nfs on |
| 防火墙 |
Firewalld兼容Iptables |
Iptables |
| 网络绑定 |
Team Driver |
Bonding |
| 网络时间 |
Chrony，ntpd |
ntpd |
| NFS版本 |
NFS4.1 支持NFSv3，NFSv4.0，NFSv4.1客户端 |
NFS4 |
| 集群管理工具 |
Pacemaker |
Rgmanager |
| 负载均衡工具 |
Keepalived，HAProxy |
Rgmanager |
| 桌面环境 |
GNOME3,KDE4.10 |
GNOME2 |
| 数据库 |
MariaDB |
MySQL |
| RHEL7和RHEL6的管理命令和配置文件的变化 |
| 订阅信息 |
RHEL7 |
RHEL6 |
| 订阅信息工具 |
subscription-manager identity |
/etc/sysconfig/rhn/systemid
subscription-manager identity |
| 配置订阅信息 |
subscription-manager rhn_register |
rhn_register rhnreg_ks subscription-manager identity |
| 基本配置 |
RHEL7 |
RHEL6 |
| GUI配置工具 |
gnome-control-center |
system-config-* |
| 网络配置工具 |
nmcli nmtui nm-connection-editor |
system-config-network |
| 语言配置工具 |
localectl |
system-config-language |
| 时间配置工具 |
timedatectl date |
system-config-date date |
| 时间同步 |
ntpdate /etc/chrony.conf |
ntpdate /etc/ntp.conf |
| 键盘配置 |
localectl |
system-config-keyboard |
| 服务管理 |
RHEL7 |
RHEL6 |
| 服务列表 |
systemctl -at service
ls /{usr/lib,etc}/systemd/system/*.service |
chkconfig
ls /etc/init.d/ |
| 服务启动 |
systemctl start name.service |
service name start |
| 服务停止 |
systemctl stop name.service |
service name stop |
| 服务查看 |
systemctl status name.service |
service name status |
| 服务重启 |
systemctl restart name.service |
service name restart |
| 服务开机自启 |
systemctl enable name.service |
chkconfig name on |
| 服务开机不自启 |
systemctl disable name.service |
chkconfig name off |
| 添加服务 |
systemctl daemon-reload |
achkconfig --add |
| 服务列表查看 |
systemctl -t service --state=active |
service --status-all |
| 查看运行级别 |
systemctl get-default |
runlevel |
| 修改运行级别 |
systemctl isolate name.target
init runlevel |
init runlevel |
| 日志文件 |
/etc/rsyslog.conf
/etc/rsyslog.d/*.conf
/var/log/journal/
/etc/systemd/journald.conf |
/etc/rsyslog.conf |
| 查看日志文件 |
/var/log/ |
/var/log/journalctl |
| 内核硬件 |
RHEL7 |
RHEL6 |
| 启动提示符 |
append rd.break or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline |
append 1 or s or init=/bin/bash to kernel cmdline |
| 关闭系统 |
systemctl shutdown |
shutdown |
| 关闭电源 |
systemctl poweroff |
poweroff |
| 挂起系统 |
systemctl halt |
halt |
| 重启系统 |
systemctl reboot |
reboot |
| 修改运行级别 |
systemctl set-default |
/etc/inittab |
| 配置GRUB |
/etc/default/grub
grub2-mkconfig
grub-set-default |
/boot/grub/grub.conf |
| 软件管理 |
RHEL7 |
RHEL6 |
| 安装软件包 |
yum install
yum group install |
yum install
yum groupinstall |
| 查看软件包 |
yum info
yum group info |
yum info
yum groupinfo |
| 文件系统 |
RHEL7 |
RHEL6 |
| 建立文件系统 |
fdisk parted gdisk |
fdisk parted |
| LVM管理 |
vgextend lvextend xfs_growfs |
vgextend lvextend resize2fs |
| 网络接口配置 |
RHEL7 |
RHEL6 |
| 配置名称 |
/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf
nmcli conmod |
/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf |
| 主机名称配置 |
/etc/hostname
hostnamectl
nmcli |
/etc/sysconfig/network |
| Ip地址配置 |
ip addr
nmcli dev
show
teamdctl
brctl
bridge |
ip add
ifconfig
brctl |
| 配置防火墙 |
firewall-cmd
firewall-config |
iptables&ip6tables
/etc/sysconfig/ip*tables
system-config-firewall |
| 查看端口命令 |
ss
lsof |
netstat
ss
lsof |
